Gravitational Waves from a Fissioning White Hole

We present a fully nonlinear calculation of the waveform of the gravitational radiation emitted in the fission of a vacuum white hole. At early times, the waveforms agree with close-approximation perturbative calculations but they reveal dramatic time and angular dependence in the nonlinear regime. The results pave the way for a subsequent computation of the radiation emitted after a binary black hole merger.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, RevTeX

Opening a debate: Nobility and economic transformation in 19th century Northern Italy

During the 19th century, in northern Italian regions a large proportion of capital, investments and improvements in the agricultural sector and agro-food production, as well as, increasingly, in railways and infrastructures, industrial and financial sectors \u2013 came from noblemen. They aimed to expand their own revenues, fostering economic progress and applying scientific and technological innovations to agriculture and industry. Several noblemen played a leading economic role, as they were the richest, heirs to large properties and estates and to complex administration systems originating from early modern times and updated to meet the new managerial necessities. They often held scientific interests (and sometimes scientific knowledge), and belonged to wide, national and international social (and political) networks which could easily be used for economic goals. The paper aims to open a debate on the role of nobility as a powerful economic \ue9lite in the economic development of northern Italy, basing on the initial results of ongoing research into primary sources. The literature on the topic has focused on several cases of Italian entrepreneurial noblemen, or on nobility estate management, and has shed light on their dynamic role. Their contribution, however, has generally been perceived as not particularly influential in the economic process, as noblemen were generally conservative on a social level and the 19th century is usually identified as the century of the irreversible decline and loss of political and economic power on the part of the aristocracy compared to the rise of the bourgeoisie. By contrast, the role of the nobility\u2019s investments, capital and economic activities in northern Italy\u2019s economic development seems to us to deserve and require broader attention and investigation. As data are still being collected, the essay will assess some emerging results focusing on: the management of properties and large estates, where noblemen acted as a sort of \u2018corporate director\u2019, governing a complex structured enterprise; - investments and enterprises: agriculture innovations and experimentation, railway construction, public debt, textile industries and banking seem to have been the investment sectors preferred by noblemen; - the increase, after Unification and particularly during the years of the agrarian crisis (1873-1896), in noblemen\u2019s diversification of capital and investments, from land to other uses, such as investments in the financial sector and in joint-stock companies (transport, communication, public utilities, banking, insurance, overseas ventures, new sectors and industries)

Complete null data for a black hole collision

We present an algorithm for calculating the complete data on an event horizon which constitute the necessary input for characteristic evolution of the exterior spacetime. We apply this algorithm to study the intrinsic and extrinsic geometry of a binary black hole event horizon, constructing a sequence of binary black hole event horizons which approaches a single Schwarzschild black hole horizon as a limiting case. The linear perturbation of the Schwarzschild horizon provides global insight into the close limit for binary black holes, in which the individual holes have joined in the infinite past. In general there is a division of the horizon into interior and exterior regions, analogous to the division of the Schwarzschild horizon by the r=2M bifurcation sphere. In passing from the perturbative to the strongly nonlinear regime there is a transition in which the individual black holes persist in the exterior portion of the horizon. The algorithm is intended to provide the data sets for production of a catalog of nonlinear post-merger wave forms using the PITT null code.Comment: Revised version, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. July 15 (2001), 41 pages, 11 figures, RevTeX/epsf/psfi

Mode coupling in the nonlinear response of black holes

We study the properties of the outgoing gravitational wave produced when a non-spinning black hole is excited by an ingoing gravitational wave. Simulations using a numerical code for solving Einstein's equations allow the study to be extended from the linearized approximation, where the system is treated as a perturbed Schwarzschild black hole, to the fully nonlinear regime. Several nonlinear features are found which bear importance to the data analysis of gravitational waves. When compared to the results obtained in the linearized approximation, we observe large phase shifts, a stronger than linear generation of gravitational wave output and considerable generation of radiation in polarization states which are not found in the linearized approximation. In terms of a spherical harmonic decomposition, the nonlinear properties of the harmonic amplitudes have simple scaling properties which offer an economical way to catalog the details of the waves produced in such black hole processes.Comment: 17 pages, 20 figures, abstract and introduction re-writte

Nonlinearity effects in the kicked oscillator

The quantum kicked oscillator is known to display a remarkable richness of dynamical behaviour, from ballistic spreading to dynamical localization. Here we investigate the effects of a Gross Pitaevskii nonlinearity on quantum motion, and provide evidence that the qualitative features depend strongly on the parameters of the system.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

A Modular Toolkit for Distributed Interactions

We discuss the design, architecture, and implementation of a toolkit which supports some theories for distributed interactions. The main design principles of our architecture are flexibility and modularity. Our main goal is to provide an easily extensible workbench to encompass current algorithms and incorporate future developments of the theories. With the help of some examples, we illustrate the main features of our toolkit.Comment: In Proceedings PLACES 2010, arXiv:1110.385

A factorial design for optimization of the analytical variables on the development of a genoassay for the transgenic soybean detection

At the laboratory, analytical method optimizations are performed to achieve the maximum sensitivity and selectivity. Routinely, this procedure is carried out by optimizing one-factor-at-a-time approach until there is no further improvement, where each experimental parameter is optimized separately and independently of the other factors.N/

Radial asymptotics of Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi dust models

We examine the radial asymptotic behavior of spherically symmetric Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi dust models by looking at their covariant scalars along radial rays, which are spacelike geodesics parametrized by proper length $\ell$, orthogonal to the 4-velocity and to the orbits of SO(3). By introducing quasi-local scalars defined as integral functions along the rays, we obtain a complete and covariant representation of the models, leading to an initial value parametrization in which all scalars can be given by scaling laws depending on two metric scale factors and two basic initial value functions. Considering regular "open" LTB models whose space slices allow for a diverging $\ell$, we provide the conditions on the radial coordinate so that its asymptotic limit corresponds to the limit as $\ell\to\infty$. The "asymptotic state" is then defined as this limit, together with asymptotic series expansion around it, evaluated for all metric functions, covariant scalars (local and quasi-local) and their fluctuations. By looking at different sets of initial conditions, we examine and classify the asymptotic states of parabolic, hyperbolic and open elliptic models admitting a symmetry center. We show that in the radial direction the models can be asymptotic to any one of the following spacetimes: FLRW dust cosmologies with zero or negative spatial curvature, sections of Minkowski flat space (including Milne's space), sections of the Schwarzschild--Kruskal manifold or self--similar dust solutions.Comment: 44 pages (including a long appendix), 3 figures, IOP LaTeX style. Typos corrected and an important reference added. Accepted for publication in General Relativity and Gravitatio