Estudo do escoamento de jatos turbulentos e induções secundárias com aplicação em queimadores industriais

The development of a mathematical model and a computational code that simulate a two-dimensional, incompressible and isotherm of turbulent jets and secondary inductions are presented in this work. The computational program uses a method called Finite Volumes Method, [Patankar, 1980] in order to solve the spatial equations. The model of turbulence k - e is tested and compared. The development of the physic domain is done by means of Staggered Grid strategy and the SOLA (Solution Algorithm) Method [Hirt et al., 1975]. Two convective schemes are presented, the UPWIND scheme and the QUICK scheme. The linear equation system solution is obtained by applying the Choleski Method [ Brebbia, 1978]. The checking of results obtained from the program, in FORTRAN language, is presented. It obtains for laminar flow, inside square cavity, results from the program which fitted satisfactory with the ones from the literature. Comparing the components profiles of mean velocities, in the middle of cavity, for different Reynolds numbers, with the standard results from Burggraf (1966), they converged up to more than 10.000 iterations for all cases presented. It determines with turbulent flows, inside circular ducts, the components profiles of axial mean velocities, the kinetic energy of turbulence, and the square and mixed Reynolds tensors. The results are compared to available experimental data. Tests were performed for a circular pipe with a length-to-diameter ratio of 57,4. The flows are atmosphere air getting with flat profiles of velocities, in order to obtain velocities profiles when a steady-state is establish inside the duct. To compare the results obtained with experimental data gotten from Razinsky and Brighton (1971) and also with simulated from Jen (1989), it uses a Pentium III computer, 850 MHz, 128 Ram. It has been found that results obtained with the method developing in this work are in better agreement with the experimental data than those obtained from other simulation method. The computational time is approximately 5 minutes when compare the results simulated using a same grid (20 X 15). A grid test is realized in order to define the converged grid. The converged grid is 60 X 30 and the computational time, approximately 28 minutes.A elaboração de um modelo matemático e o desenvolvimento de um código computacional que simule o escoamento bidimensional, incompressível e isotérmico de jatos turbulentos e induções secundárias, são apresentados neste trabalho. O programa computacional que simula o escoamento, utiliza o Método dos Volumes Finitos [Patankar,1980] para a discretização espacial das equações. O modelo de turbulência k - e é testado e comparado. A discretização do domínio físico é feita utilizando o princípio da Malha Deslocada (Staggered Grid) e o método semi-implícito SOLA (Solution Algorithm) [Hirt et al.,1975]. Para os termos convectivos os esquemas UPWIND e QUICK são apresentados. A resolução do sistema linear de equações resultante é feita através do método de Choleski [Brebbia, 1978]. A validação dos resultados obtidos pelo programa, em linguagem FORTRAN, é apresentada. Para um caso laminar, cavidade quadrada, os resultados do programa ajustam-se satisfatoriamente com os dados da literatura. Comparando os perfis das componentes de velocidade, no centro da cavidade, para diferentes números de Reynolds, com os resultados padrões de Burggraf (1966), verifica-se a convergência dos valores de velocidade, acima de 10.000 iterações para os casos apresentados. Com escoamentos turbulentos, em dutos circulares, determinam-se os perfis da componente média de velocidade axial, da energia cinética de turbulência e dos tensores misto e quadrático de Reynolds. Os resultados são comparados com os dados experimentais disponíveis. No presente trabalho a simulação é feita com um tubo com relação comprimento- diâmetro de 57,4. As correntes, que penetram no duto, são de ar atmosférico entrando com perfis chatos de velocidade, desejando-se obter os perfis de velocidade quando se estabelece o regime estacionário no interior do referido duto. Uma comparação dos resultados obtidos, utilizando um computador Pentium III, 850 MHz, 128 Ram, é feita com valores experimentais reportados por Razinsky e Brighton (1971), e também com os simulados por Jen (1989), disponíveis na literatura. Os perfis de velocidade obtidos pela simulação de acordo com o método desenvolvido neste trabalho, aproximam-se mais, de um modo geral, daqueles obtidos nos experimentos de Razinsky e Brighton (1971), do que na simulação apresentada por Jen (1989). O tempo computaciona l é de aproximadamente 5 minutos quando se comparam os resultados simulados utilizando a mesma malha (20X15). Um teste de malha é realizado, sendo a malha 60X30, a malha convergida e o tempo computacional aproximadamente de 28 minutos

Programa de intervención basada en el coaching en jóvenes deportistas de alto rendimiento, y su relación con la percepción de bienestar y salud psicológica

El objetivo de este trabajo es el de estudiar el efecto de un programa de coaching sobre la percepción de la salud general y emocional (medido con el GHQ-12; Sánchez-López y Dresch, 2008) y el bienestar psicológico (medido con el EBP; Díaz et al., 2006) en un grupo de jóvenes atletas de alto rendimiento. Los resultados indican que el grupo experimental (n = 38), tras la realización del programa de coaching (con un promedio de 4 a 6 sesiones y 45 a 60 minutos por sesión), mejora su percepción de bienestar y salud psicológica. Estos cambios no se observan en el grupo control (n = 41). Se concluye que cuando una intervención en coaching aporta mejoras en la vida de la persona es posible que se favorezca su percepción de bienestar y salud psicológica.The aim of this work is to study the effect of a coaching program on the perception of general and emotional health (measured by the GHQ-12; Sánchez-López and Dresch, 2008) and the psychological well-being (measured using the EBP; Diaz et al, 2006) in a group of young elite athletes. The results indicate that the experimental group (n = 38), after completion of the coaching program (with an average of 4-6 sessions, and 45-60 minutes per session), improved their perception of well-being and psychological health. These changes are not observed in the control group (n = 41). We conclude that when a coaching intervention makes improvements in the life of the person is possible that the psychological well-being and the perception of his/her health are also enhanced.O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o efeito de um programa de treinamento sobre a percepção da saúde geral e emocional (medida pelo GHQ-12; Sánchez-López e Dresch, 2008) e bem-estar psicológico (medido com EBP; Diaz et al, 2006) em um grupo de atletas jovens de alto desempenho .. Os resultados indicam que o grupo experimental (n = 38) após a conclusão do programa de treinamento (com uma média de quatro a seis sessões e 45 a 60 minutos por sessão), melhora a percepção de bem-estar e saúde psicológica. Estas mudanças não são observados no grupo de controlo (n = 41). Conclui-se que, quando uma intervenção de coaching traz melhorias na vida da pessoa é possível que a sua percepção de bem-estar e saúde psicológica é favorecido

Structure, Chromosomal Localization, and Promoter Analysis of the Human Elastin MicrofibrilInterfase Located proteIN (EMILIN) Gene

Abstract Elastinmicrofibril interfase-located protein (EMILIN) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein abundantly expressed in elastin-rich tissues such as the blood vessels, skin, heart, and lung. It occurs with elastic fibers at the interface between amorphous elastin and microfibrils. In vitroexperiments suggested a role for EMILIN in the process of elastin deposition. This multimodular protein consists of 995 amino acids; the domain organization includes a C1q-like globular domain at the C terminus, a short collagenous stalk, a region containing two leucine zippers, and at least four heptad repeats with a high potential for forming coiled-coil α-helices and, at the N terminus, a cysteine-rich sequence characterized by a partial epidermal growth factor-like motif and homologous to a region of multimerin. Here we report the complete characterization of the human and murine EMILIN gene, their chromosomal assignment, and preliminary functional data of the human promoter. A cDNA probe corresponding to the C terminus of EMILIN was used to isolate two genomic clones from a human BAC library. Sequencing of several derived subclones allowed the characterization of the whole gene that was found to be about 8 kilobases in size and to contain 8 exons and 7 introns. The internal exons range in size from 17 base pairs to 1929 base pairs. All internal intron/exon junctions are defined by canonical splice donor and acceptor sites, and the different domains potentially involved in the formation of a coiled-coil structure are clustered in the largest exon. The 3′-end of the EMILIN gene overlaps with the 5′-end of the promoter region of the ketohexokinase gene, whose chromosomal position is between markers D2S305 and D2S165 on chromosome 2. A 1600-base pair-long sequence upstream of the translation starting point was evaluated for its promoter activity; five deletion constructs were assayed after transfection in primary chicken fibroblasts and in a human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. This analysis indicates the existence of two contiguous regions able to modulate luciferase expression in both cell types used, one with a strong activatory function, ranging from positions −204 to −503, and the other, ranging from positions −504 to −683, with a strong inhibitory function

Isolation and Characterization of EMILIN-2, a New Component of the Growing EMILINs Family and a Member of the EMI Domain-containing Superfamily

EMILIN (elastin microfibril interfase located Protein) is an elastic fiber-associated glycoprotein consisting of a self-interacting globular C1q domain at the C terminus, a short collagenous stalk, an extended region of potential coiled-coil structure, and an N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (EMI domain). Using the globular C1q domain as a bait in the yeast two-hybrid system, we have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel protein. Determination of the entire primary structure demonstrated that this EMILIN-binding polypeptide is highly homologous to EMILIN. The domain organization is superimposable, one important difference being a proline-rich (41%) segment of 56 residues between the potential coiled-coil region and the collagenous domain absent in EMILIN. The entire gene (localized on chromosome 18p11.3) was isolated from a BAC clone, and it is structurally almost identical to that of EMILIN (8 exons, 7 introns with identical phases at the exon/intron boundaries) but much larger (about 40 versus 8 kilobases) than that of EMILIN. Given these findings we propose to name the novel protein EMILIN-2 and the prototype member of this family EMILIN-1 (formerly EMILIN). The mRNA expression of EMILIN-2 is more restricted compared with that of EMILIN-1; highest levels are present in fetal heart and adult lung, whereas, differently from EMILIN-1, adult aorta, small intestine, and appendix show very low expression, and adult uterus and fetal kidney are negative. Finally, the EMILIN-2 protein is secreted extracellularly by in vitro-grown cells, and in accordance with the partial coexpression in fetal and adult tissues, the two proteins shown extensive but not absolute immunocolocalization in vitro

Oxidative stress by the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase B mediates calcium pyrophosphate crystal-induced arthritis

Objective: Calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal deposition in the joints is associated with a heterogeneous set of debilitating syndromes characterized by inflammation and pain, for which no effective therapies are currently available. As we found that the mitochondrial enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) plays a fundamental role in promoting inflammatory pathways, this study aims at assessing the efficacy of two clinical-grade inhibitors (iMAO-Bs) in preclinical models of this disease, to pave the way for a novel treatment. Methods: We tested our hypothesis in two murine models of CPP-induced arthritis, by measuring cytokine and chemokine levels, along with immune cell recruitment. iMAO-Bs (rasagiline and safinamide) were administered either before or after crystal injection. To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we challenged in vitro primed macrophages with CPP crystals and assessed the impact of iMAO-Bs in dampening proinflammatory cytokines and in preserving mitochondrial function. Results: Both in preventive and therapeutic in vivo protocols, iMAO-Bs blunted the release of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6 and IL1-β) and chemokines (CXCL10, CXCL1, CCL2 and CCL5) (n>6 mice/group). Importantly, they also significantly reduced ankle swelling (50.3% vs 17.1% [P<0.001] and 23.1% [P=0.005] for rasagiline and safinamide, respectively). Mechanistically, iMAO-Bs dampened the burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by CPP crystals in isolated macrophages. Moreover, iMAO-Bs blunted cytokine secretion and NLRP3 inflammasome activation through inhibition of the NF-κB and STAT3 pathways. Conclusion: iMAO-Bs dampen inflammation in murine models of crystal-induced arthropathy, thereby uncovering MAO-B as a promising target to treat these diseases

Early weight bearing in acetabular and pelvic fractures

The incidence of pelvic and acetabular fractures is increasing during the years, counting 37 pelvic fractures per 100000 people annually. No weight bearing or toe touch weight bearing are usually chosen in the initial management to allow fracture and ligamentous healing and avoid fracture displacement and fixation failure. On the other hand, early weight bearing may stimulate fracture healing and allow prompt functional recovery, faster return to work and recreational activities and reduce complications linked to late rehabilitation.&nbsp; Aim of the study is to review the literature about weight bearing indications for pelvic and acetabular fractures to highlight clinical and biomechanical evidence supporting early weight bearing

Girls with cognitive impairment had a higher risk of ovariectomy for delayed recognition of adnexal torsion

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Antibacterial Effect of Aluminum Surfaces Untreated and Treated with a Special Anodizing Based on Titanium Oxide Approved for Food Contact

One of the main concerns of the food industry is microbial adhesion to food contact surfaces and consequent contamination. We evaluated the potential bacteriostatic/bactericidal efficacy of aluminum surfaces with different large-scale roughness (0.25, 0.5 and 1 um) before and after the surface treatment with a special anodizing based on titanium oxide nanotechnology (DURALTI®) and after 3 different sanitizing treatments, e.g., UV, alcohol and a natural product named Gold lotion. Four Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 1402, Yersinia enterocolitica ATCC 9610 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27588) and four Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 and Listeria monocytogenes NCTT 10888) bacteria were screened. As far as concerns aluminum surfaces without nanotechnology surface treatment, an overall bacteriostatic effect was observed for all strains with respect to the initial inoculum that was 106 CFU/mL. Conversely, an overall bactericidal effect was observed both for Gram-negative and -positive bacteria on DURALTI®-treated aluminum disks, regardless of roughness and sanitizing treatment. These results are innovative in terms of the great potential of the antibacterial activity of nanotechnologically treated food contact surfaces and their combination with some sanitizing agents that might be exploited in the food industry

Gravitational waves: search results, data analysis and parameter estimation

The Amaldi 10 Parallel Session C2 on gravitational wave (GW) search results, data analysis and parameter estimation included three lively sessions of lectures by 13 presenters, and 34 posters. The talks and posters covered a huge range of material, including results and analysis techniques for ground-based GW detectors, targeting anticipated signals from different astrophysical sources: compact binary inspiral, merger and ringdown; GW bursts from intermediate mass binary black hole mergers, cosmic string cusps, core-collapse supernovae, and other unmodeled sources; continuous waves from spinning neutron stars; and a stochastic GW background. There was considerable emphasis on Bayesian techniques for estimating the parameters of coalescing compact binary systems from the gravitational waveforms extracted from the data from the advanced detector network. This included methods to distinguish deviations of the signals from what is expected in the context of General Relativity

Assessing the best time interval between doses in a two-dose vaccination regimen to reduce the number of deaths in an ongoing epidemic of SARS-CoV-2

Funding: This work was supported by the Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES), Brazil (Finance Code 001 to LSF and FMDM), National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil (grant number: 315854/2020-0 to MEB, 141698/2018-7 to RLPS, 312559/2020-8 to MASMV and 311832/2017-2 to RAK), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazil (grant #2019/26310-2 and #2017/26770-8 to CF, #2018/26512-1 to OC, #2018/24037-4 to SP, #2018/23984-0 to VS and contract #2016/01343-7 to RAK) and Swiss National Science Foundation (grant PCEFP3_181243 to VS). The Sound Foundation (Massachusetts, USA) provided financial support for the open-source publication of this work via a grant to The University of Oxford (UK) to support the work of members of the COVID-19 International Modeling (CoMo) Consortium. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD