Fatores associados às perdas dentárias em adolescentes brasileiros: uma análise dos dados do levantamento epidemiológico nacional - SB BRasil 2002-3

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública.O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar as perdas dentárias em adolescentes brasileiros e investigar associação com fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos, de utilização de serviços e disponibilidade de água fluoretada. Foram analisados dados de 16.833 participantes do estudo epidemiológico nacional de saúde bucal, realizado em 2002/2003. O desfecho investigado foi a ocorrência de perdas dentárias de pelo menos um dente. As variáveis independentes incluíram localização geográfica de residência, sexo, cor de pele, idade, renda per capita, atraso escolar, tipo de serviço e residência em município com fluoretação das águas de abastecimento. Foram estimadas razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas através da regressão de Poisson para cada macrorregião e para o país como um todo. Os resultados apresentam uma prevalência de 38,9% (IC 95%: 38,2%; 39,7%) de ocorrência de pelo menos um elemento dentário perdido. Considerando a amostra de base nacional, os adolescentes residentes em locais não servidos por água fluoretada apresentaram prevalência de perdas dentárias 40% maior do que os residentes em áreas com disponibilidade dessa medida. Houve forte associação entre a ausência da fluoretação das águas de abastecimento e as perdas dentárias para a região Nordeste. Para as demais regiões a associação das perdas com fluoretação de águas foi confundida pelas variáveis mais distais, notadamente as socioeconômicas, reforçando as características de desigualdades regionais. A alta prevalência de perdas dentárias em adolescentes demonstra existir necessidade de priorização pelos serviços odontológicos dos indivíduos mais acometidos por esse agravo, considerando medidas preventivas em idades mais precoces e de recuperação dos danos instalados. É necessário garantir acesso universal à água fluoretada

Determinantes socioeconômicos contextuais associados às perdas dentárias

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Florianópolis, 2014.Abstract : Tooth loss are important markers of health status and constitute a portrait of social inequalities. This thesis aims to investigate the association between contextual socioeconomic factors and tooth loss, through a systematic review of the literature on the subject and a cross-sectional study with adults living in Florianópolis. The first article is a systematic review of studies that tested associations between contextual socioeconomic factors and tooth loss. Medline, Embase, and LILACS were searched without restricting publication time and language. We also search at the Brazilian Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) to seek unpublished studies. Bibliographical and methodological studies characteristics were evaluated, besides the associations found. We found 348 articles and after review by independent researchers, remaining six articles included in the systematic review. We also identified an unpublished thesis results. The cross-sectional study aimed to identify the associations between tooth loss and contextual socioeconomic conditions, after adjustment for individual sociodemographic characteristics and availability of fluoridated water. To investigate whether the implementation time of water fluoridation was associated with tooth loss, and test possible cross-level interactions. Data from 1,720 adults, aged 20 to 59 years were analyzed. The number of missing teeth was the outcome. The individual variables included sex, skin colour, years of schooling and per capita family income. As control variables we used age and residence time. The contextual exposures were fluoridated water in years and socioeconomic variable for census tracts. Multilevel logistic regression was performed and tested cross-level interactions. Tooth loss were associated to contextual socioeconomic conditions for residents in the intermediate areas (OR = 1.58 - 95% CI 1.51 to 1.66) and poorer (OR = 1.62 - 95% CI 1.54 to 1.66) and shorter fluoridation (OR = 1.01 - 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02). Interaction between treated water and per capita family income was found. The systematic review indicated that the socioeconomic context interferes in tooth loss. Generally, the largest tooth loss turn up when contextual variables are less favorable to residents. To residents in Florianópolis, the worst contextual socioeconomic conditions were associated with tooth loss and the time of water fluoridation was inversely associated with tooth loss in adulthood

Chlorophyll-proteins of the photosystem II antenna system.

The chlorophyll-protein complexes of purified maize photosystem II membranes were separated by a new mild gel electrophoresis system under conditions which maintained all of the major chlorophyll a/b-protein complex (LHCII) in the oligomeric form. This enabled the resolution of three chlorophyll a/b-proteins in the 26-31-kDa region which are normally obscured by monomeric LHCII. All chlorophyll a/b-proteins had unique polypeptide compositions and characteristic spectral properties. One of them (CP26) has not previously been described, and another (CP24) appeared to be identical to the connecting antenna of photosystem I (LHCI-680). Both CP24 and CP29 from maize had at least one epitope in common with the light-harvesting antennae of photosystem I, as shown by cross-reactivity with a monoclonal antibody raised against LHCI from barley thylakoids. A complex designated Chla.P2, which was capable of electron transport from diphenylcarbazide to 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, was isolated by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. It lacked CP43, which therefore can be excluded as an essential component of the photosystem II reaction center core. Fractionation of octyl glucoside-solubilized photosystem II membranes in the presence and absence of Mg2+ enabled the isolation of the Chla . P2 complex and revealed the existence of a light-harvesting complex consisting of CP29, CP26, and CP24. This complex and the major light-harvesting system (LHCII) are postulated to transfer excitation energy independently to the photosystem II reaction center via CP43

Neonatal functional treatment for Pierre Robin Sequence

Objective: Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is a heterogeneous pathological condition characterized by the coexistence of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate, resulting in upper airway tract obstruction. Among the treatment modalities, the orthodontic approach is one part of the comprehensive care of those patients and will be present in the treatment modalities during all the growth period of the child.Methods: All patients with PRS observed in the period 2013-2017 were treated with a definite functional approach. The results were retrospectively analyzed with regard to functional outcome, total treatment time, and number of plates provided for a single patient.Results: In all the patients, the indicated treatment protocol has been applied as early impression and plate supply, stimulation of bottle feeding with the use of the plate, eventual substitution of the plate if no more adequate to the transverse and sagittal growth of the palate, and continuing the use until the surgical closure of the cleft. All the patients showed a positive outcome to the proposed treatment approach, evaluated with regard to the incidence of feeding improvement and weight gain, to the limit for the surgical phase, in the absence of adverse effects.Conclusion: The use of a functional obturator plate, removing functional alterations to mandibular growth, reduces and, in some cases, eliminates the need for surgical intervention. As also stated in the literature, if despite the presence of the plate nutritional problems persist, immediate different surgical approaches, mainly mandibular osteodistraction, become necessary

Infusion of casein hydrolizates into the mammary gland simulates the omission of one daily milking in goats

Suppression of one daily milking at weekends, even though socially desirable, may reduce milk yield. These losses have been attributed to a short-term mechanism: the filling of the cistern and ductal-alveolar system with milk which contains a peptide called feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL) (Wilde and Peaker, 1990). The FIL probably reduces the synthesis and secretion of mammary cells by blocking the potassium channel of the apical membrane (Silanikove et al., 2000). Shamay et al. (2002) hypothesized that the FIL can be identified with the AA sequence 1-28, derived from the breakdown of β-casein by plasmin (PL). The aim of this work was to verify if the infusion of casein hydrolizates (CNH) into the mammary gland simulates the omission of one milking for two consecutive days

Photoinhibition of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in State 1 and State 2: damages to the photosynthetic apparatus under linear and cyclic electron flow.

The relationship between state transitions and photoinhibition has been studied in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. In State 2, photosystem II activity was more inhibited by light than in State 1. In State 2, however, the D1 subunit was not degraded, whereas a substantial degradation was observed in State 1. These results suggest that photoinhibition occurs via the generation of an intermediate state in which photosystem II is inactive but the D1 protein is still intact. The accumulation of this state is enhanced in State 2, because in this State only cyclic photosynthetic electron transport is active, whereas there is no electron flow between photosystem II and the cytochrome b(6)f complex (Finazzi, G., Furia, A., Barbagallo, R. P., and Forti, G. (1999) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1413, 117-129). The activity of photosystem I and of cytochrome b(6)f as well as the coupling of thylakoid membranes was not affected by illumination under the same conditions. This allows repairing the damages to photosystem II thanks to cell capacity to maintain a high rate of ATP synthesis (via photosystem I-driven cyclic electron flow). This capacity might represent an important physiological tool in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from excess of light as well as from other a-biotic stress conditions

Impacted maxillary canines and root resorption of adjacent teeth : a retrospective observational study

The prevalence of impacted maxillary canine is reported to be between 1% and 3%. The lack of monitoring and the delay in the treatment of the impacted canine can cause different complications such as: displacement of adjacent teeth, loss of vitality of neighbouring teeth, shortening of the dental arch, follicular cysts, canine ankylosis, recurrent infections, recurrent pain, internal resorption of the canine and the adjacent teeth, external resorption of the canine and the adjacent teeth, combination of these factors. An appropriate diagnosis, accurate predictive analysis and early intervention are likely to prevent such undesirable effects. The objective is to evaluate, by means of a retrospective observational study, the possibility of carrying out a predictive analysis of root resorption adjacent to the impacted canines by means of orthopantomographs, so as to limit the prescription of additional 3D radiography. 120 subjects with unilateral or bilateral maxillary impacted canine were examined and 50 patients with 69 impacted maxillary canine (22 male, 28 female; mean age: 11.7 years) satisfied the inclusion criteria of the study. These patients were subjected to a basic clinical and radiographic investigation (orthopantomographs and computerized tomography). All panoramic films were viewed under standardized conditions for the evaluation of two main variables: maxillary canine angulations (a, b, g angles) and the overlapping between the impacted teeth and the lateral incisor (Analysis of Lindauer). Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of resorbed lateral incisors depending on sector location and angle measurements. Results indicated that b angle has the greatest influence on the prediction of root resorption (predictive value of b angle = 76%). If ? angle <18° and Lindauer = I, the probability of resorption is 0.06. Evaluation of b angle and superimposition lateral incisor/impacted canine analysed on orthopantomographs could be one of the evaluation criteria for prescribing second level examination (CT and CTCB) and for detecting root resorption of impacted maxillary canine adjacent teeth

Ultraviolet B exposure of whole leaves of barley affects structure and functional organization of photosystem II.

This study examines the effects of ecologically important levels of ultraviolet B radiation on protein D1 turnover and stability and lateral redistribution of photosystem II. It is shown that ultraviolet B light supported only limited synthesis of protein D1, one of the most important components of photosystem II, whereas it promoted significant degradation of proteins D1 and D2. Furthermore, dephosphorylation of photosystem II subunits was specifically elicited upon exposure to ultraviolet B light. Structural modifications of photosystem II and changes in its lateral distribution between granum membranes and stroma-exposed lamellae were found to be different from those observed after photoinhibition by strong visible light. In particular, more complete dismantling of photosystem II cores was observed. Altogether, the data reported here suggest that ultraviolet B radiation alone fails to activate the photosystem II repair cycle, as hypothesized for visible light. This failure may contribute to the toxic effect of ultraviolet B radiation, which is increasing as a consequence of depletion of stratospheric ozone

Contextual and individual indicators associated with the presence of teeth in adults

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze whether socioeconomic conditions and the period of availability of fluoridated water are associated with the number of teeth present. METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 1,720 adults between 20 and 59 years of age who resided in Florianópolis, SC, Southern Brazil, in 2009. The outcome investigated was the self-reported number of teeth present. The individual independent variables included gender, age range, skin color, number of years of schooling, and per capita household income. The duration of residence was used as a control variable. The contextual exposures included the period of availability of fluoridated water to the households and the socioeconomic variable for the census tracts, which was created from factor analysis of the tract’s mean income, education level, and percentage of households with treated water. Multilevel logistic regression was performed and inter-level interactions were tested. RESULTS Residents in intermediate and poorer areas and those with fluoridated water available for less time exhibited the presence of fewer teeth compared with those in better socioeconomic conditions and who had fluoridated water available for a longer period (OR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.01;1.02). There was an association between the period of availability of fluoridated water, per capita household income and number of years of education. The proportion of individuals in the poorer and less-educated stratum, which had fewer teeth present, was higher in regions where fluoridated water had been available for less time. CONCLUSIONS Poor socioeconomic conditions and a shorter period of availability of fluoridated water were associated with the probability of having fewer teeth in adulthood. Public policies aimed at reducing socioeconomic inequalities and increasing access to health services such as fluoridation of the water supply may help to reduce tooth loss in the future.OBJETIVO Analisar se condições socioeconômicas contextuais e tempo de disponibilidade de água fluoretada estão associados ao número de dentes presentes. MÉTODOS Neste estudo transversal, foram analisados dados de 1.720 adultos entre 20 e 59 anos residentes em Florianópolis, SC, em 2009. O desfecho investigado foi o autorrelato do número de dentes presentes. As variáveis independentes individuais incluíram sexo, faixa etária, cor da pele, anos de estudo e renda per capita familiar. Como variável de controle, utilizou-se o tempo de residência. As exposições contextuais foram o tempo de disponibilidade da água fluoretada nos domicílios e a variável socioeconômica para os setores censitários, elaborada a partir da análise fatorial da renda média do setor, escolaridade média e percentual de domicílios com água tratada. Foi realizada regressão logística multinível e foram testadas interações interníveis. RESULTADOS Residentes nas áreas intermediárias e mais pobres e aqueles com menos tempo de disponibilidade de água fluoretada apresentaram menos dentes presentes comparados àqueles em melhor posição socioeconômica e com disponibilidade de água fluoretada por maior período (OR = 1,02; IC95% 1,01;1,02). Houve interação entre o tempo de disponibilidade de água fluoretada, renda per capita familiar e anos de estudo. A proporção de indivíduos do estrato mais pobre e menos escolarizado, que apresentou menos dentes presentes, foi maior nas regiões com menor tempo de disponibilidade de flúor na água. CONCLUSÕES As piores condições socioeconômicas contextuais associaram-se à chance de ter menos dentes presentes na idade adulta, da mesma forma que o menor tempo de fluoretação da água. Políticas públicas que visem a reduzir desigualdades socioeconômicas e ampliem o acesso à saúde, como a fluoretação da água de abastecimento podem, futuramente, contribuir para reduzir as perdas dentárias

Perdas dentárias em adolescentes brasileiros e fatores associados: estudo de base populacional

OBJECTIVE: To estimate tooth loss among adolescents and its factors associated. METHODS: Data from 16,833 participants of the Brazilian Oral Health Survey 2002-2003 were analyzed. The outcome studied was tooth loss of at least one tooth. Independent variables included geographical localization, gender, skin color, per capita income, education gap, dental service utilization and fluoridated water supply at the local level. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression for each Brazilian macroregion and nationwide. RESULTS: The prevalence of at least one tooth loss was 38.9% (95% CI 38.2%;39.7%). Adolescents living in localities with non-fluoridated water supply were 40% more likely to have tooth loss compared with those living in areas with fluoridated water supply. There was seen a strong association (pOBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de las perdidas dentarias en adolescentes brasileros y los factores asociados a ellas. MÉTODOS: Fueron analizados datos de 16.833 participantes del estudio epidemiológico nacional de salud bucal, realizado en 2002/2003. El hecho investigado fue la ocurrencia de pérdida de por lo menos un diente. Las variables independientes incluyeron localización geográfica de residencia, sexo, color de piel, edad, renta per capita, atraso escolar, tipo de servicio y residencia en municipio con fluorificación de las aguas de abastecimiento. Fueron estimadas las tasas de prevalencia brutas y ajustadas por medio de la regresión de Poisson para cada macro región y para Brasil como un todo. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de por lo menos una pérdida dentaria fue de 38,9% (IC 95%: 38,2%; 39,7%). Los adolescentes residentes en locales no servidos por agua fluorificada presentaron prevalencia de pérdida dentaria 40% mayor que los residentes en áreas con disponibilidad de esa medida. Hubo fuerte asociación (pOBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência das perdas dentárias em adolescentes brasileiros e os fatores a elas associados. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de 16.833 participantes do estudo epidemiológico nacional de saúde bucal, realizado em 2002/2003. O desfecho investigado foi a ocorrência de perda de pelo menos um dente. As variáveis independentes incluíram localização geográfica de residência, sexo, cor de pele, idade, renda per capita, atraso escolar, tipo de serviço e residência em município com fluoretação das águas de abastecimento. Foram estimadas razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas por meio da regressão de Poisson para cada macrorregião e para o País como um todo. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de pelo menos uma perda dentária foi de 38,9% (IC 95%: 38,2%; 39,7%). Os adolescentes residentes em locais não servidos por água fluoretada apresentaram prevalência de perdas dentárias 40% maior do que os residentes em áreas com disponibilidade dessa medida. Houve forte associação (