Esport o religió: una anàlisi antropològica del futbol com a fenomen religiós

L'esport sembla que s'hagi originat en la religió i durant molt de temps ha seguit mantenint un caràcter religiós, potser pel rerefons comú que la religió com l'esport és quelcom essencialment social, pertany als individus i troba la seva raó d'ésser en la col·lectivitat. Tant és així que els individus que la professen o practiquen es troben units per una mena de llaços de parentiu però d'una naturalesa especial, com si formessin part d'una mateixa família. En el nostre article pretenem mostrar, a través d'una perspectiva antropològica com l'esport, i en concret el futbol, serveix de vàlvula de sortida de tensions individuals i col·lectives, utilitzant procediments similars als que trobem en els fenòmens religiosos més comuns

Deporte o religión: un análisis antropológico del fútbol como fenómeno religioso

El deporte parece haberse originado en la religión, y durante mucho tiempo ha seguido manteniendo un carácter religioso, quizá por el trasfondo común de que la religión como el deporte, es algo esencialmente social, pertenece a los individuos y en su colectividad encuentra su razón de ser. Tanto es así que los individuos que la profesan o practican se encuentran unidos por una especie de lazos de parentesco pero de una naturaleza especial, como si formaran parte de una misma familia. En nuestro artículo pretendemos mostrar, a través de una perspectiva antropológica, como el deporte, y en concreto el fútbol sirve de válvula de escape de tensiones individuales y colectivas, utilizando procedimientos similares a los que encontramos en los fenómenos religiosos más comunes

Discourse Connections in the Written Media: Education, Values and Sport

Este trabajo analiza los discursos generados por medios de comunicación escrita referidos a noticias deportivas de ámbito nacional entre 2008 y 2010. El objetivo central de la investigación es analizar y explicar cómo las noticias deportivas transmiten valores como esfuerzo y superación, pero también contravalores, como lucha y agresividad que, en principio, podrían ser considerados poco pedagógicos. La metodología empleada parte del análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) aplicado en las noticias mencionadas. Se han elaborado unas categorías para clasificar y analizar la transmisión de valores. Se ha validado la propuesta a través de 400 alumnos en I.E.S. de Castilla y León (España). Los resultados de la investigación concluyen que los medios de comunicación, aproximan más que notablemente la realidad deportiva y mítica simbólica, en su componente pedagógico-educativo.This article analyses the discourse produced by written media in regard of sports news in Spain between 2008 and 2010. The objective of the research was to investigate and explain the ways in which values, such as effort and striving to better one’s performance, are represented through the sports news, but also countervailing attitudes, such as struggle and aggressiveness. The method that was used began with a critical discourse analysis (CDA) applying to sports news press with the largest print runs. A number of categories were drawn up that permitted classification and analysis of the transmission of those values. This approach was validated by a survey of 400 pupils in various secondary schools in Castile and Leon (Spain). The results of the research conclude that these media bring together sports reality and symbolic myths, in their pedagogical and educational aspects, to a very striking extent

The interaction between rational arguments and emotional appeals in the entrepreneurial pitch

Purpose. This study is concerned with the perlocutionary force of emotional strategies in entrepreneurship discourse. The purpose of this paper is to determine to what extent, and under what circumstances, emotional appeals may be effective to convince the conversational partner in entrepreneurship discourse. Design/methodology/approach ? To examine the interaction between rational and emotional appeals this paper analyses a corpus formed by several examples of the ?elevator pitch? genre, which have been taken from a TV programme called Tu Oportunidad (Your Chance), the Spanish counterpart of the British Dragon?s Den and the American Shark Tank. Using the information gathered in the discursive analysis of the corpus, the paper establishes a template that identifies the main rational and emotional aspects that characterize the entrepreneurial pitch. In a second stage of the research, the template is used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the persuasive influence of rational and emotional aspects. Findings ? The results of the qualitative and quantitative research show that there is a clear correlation between the propensity to finance entrepreneurial ventures and the presence of rational aspects in the entrepreneurial pitch. The lack of rational arguments determines the failure of the entrepreneur?s efforts to be persuasive, regardless of the emotional appeals that are introduced into the pitch. Emotional appeals prove to be useful to reinforce rational arguments but they are not sufficiently persuasive on their own. Originality/value ? The paper offers insight into the criteria that investors take into account in order to evaluate entrepreneurial projects, as well as on the strategies that entrepreneurs should develop to build a successful business pitch.Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Persuasive strategies in the SME entrepreneurial pitch: Functional and discursive considerations

This paper aims to determine the efficacy of persuasive strategies in the SME pitch by examining the discursive interaction that takes place in a televised corpus, taken from the Spanish TV programme “Tu Oportunidad” (“Your Chance”), the counterpart of the British Dragon’s Den and the American Shark Tank. Using the information gathered in the discursive analysis of the corpus, we address how the use of rational and emotional factors may influence the decisions taken by the investors and how the entrepreneurs may achieve credibility. The results show the importance of rational argumentation in entrepreneurial and SME pitches, relegating emotional aspects to a secondary role from the persuasive point of view, which should, however, not be disregarded. Entrepreneurs should anchor their discourse firmly in a rational cognitive framework, but without discarding those emotional appeals which may be naturally connected to rational arguments, reinforcing their validity

Violencias y resistencias desde una Producción Narrativa con militantes del Chile postdictatorial

Political violence being a relevant issue of our recent past that is still present in Chilean society, from the approach of the Social Psychology of Memory in this paper we review and discuss some aspects of violence and resistance of the decade nineties in Chile and its relationship with the present. Dealing with this theme it is developed in terms of a Narrative Production made with subjects ascribed to the use of violence as a strategy of revolutionary political struggle during the dictatorship and transition to democracy. The review and analysis of some segments of the Narrative Production realizes the characteristics of the political violence of the period and the forms of resistance to such violence as soon as conceptions that individuals have on the subject and its manifestations today.Siendo la violencia política un tema relevante de nuestro pasado reciente y que sigue estando presente en la sociedad chilena, desde la aproximación de la Psicología Social de la Memoria en el presente trabajo revisamos y discutimos algunos aspectos relativos a las violencias y resistencias de la década del noventa en Chile y su articulación con el presente. El abordaje de este tema se desarrolla en función de una Producción Narrativa elaborada con sujetos que adscribieron al uso de la violencia como estrategia de lucha política revolucionaria durante la dictadura y en la transición a la democracia. La revisión y análisis de algunos segmentos de la Producción Narrativa da cuenta de las características de la violencia política del periodo y de las formas de resistencia a dicha violencia, así como de las concepciones que los sujetos tienen sobre el tema y sus manifestaciones en la actualidad

De churras y de merinas: ¿biodiversidad en la ingeniería? Discurso del Académico electo Excmo. Sr. D. Roberto Fernández de Caleya y Álvarez, leído en el acto de recepción pública el día 30 de octubre de 2001 y contestación del académico Excmo. Sr. D. José Antonio Martín Pereda

En esta obra se recoge el discurso que pronunció D. Roberto Fernández de Caleya al ser nombrado miembro de la Academia de Ingeniería y la contestación de Martín Pereda, donde recuerda y analiza la trayectoria vital y académica del nuevo académico

Glottal-Source Spectral Biometry for Voice Characterization

The biometric signature derived from the estimation of the power spectral density singularities of a speaker’s glottal source is described in the present work. This consists in the collection of peak-trough profiles found in the spectral density, as related to the biomechanics of the vocal folds. Samples of parameter estimations from a set of 100 normophonic (pathology-free) speakers are produced. Mapping the set of speaker’s samples to a manifold defined by Principal Component Analysis and clustering them by k-means in terms of the most relevant principal components shows the separation of speakers by gender. This means that the proposed signature conveys relevant speaker’s metainformation, which may be useful in security and forensic applications for which contextual side information is considered relevant

Bio-inspired Dynamic Formant Tracking for Phonetic Labelling

It is a known fact that phonetic labeling may be relevant in helping current Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) when combined with classical parsing systems as HMM's by reducing the search space. Through the present paper a method for Phonetic Broad-Class Labeling (PCL) based on speech perception in the high auditory centers is described. The methodology is based in the operation of CF (Characteristic Frequency) and FM (Frequency Modulation) neurons in the cochlear nucleus and cortical complex of the human auditory apparatus in the automatic detection of formants and formant dynamics on speech. Results obtained informant detection and dynamic formant tracking are given and the applicability of the method to Speech Processing is discussed