INFLUÊNCIAS DA CEFALEIA NO COTIDIANO DE ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS

A cefaleia é apontada como um transtorno que afeta a maioria da população mundial, incluindo estudantes universitários. O objetivo do artigo foi, a partir de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, investigar a problemática referente às influências da cefaleia no cotidiano de estudantes universitários. Foram selecionados nove estudos que preenchiam os critérios da seleção, sendo o mais antigo publicado em 1999 e o mais recente, em 2015.Observou-se que há uma alta prevalência na referida população, acompanhada de impactos na produtividade escolar e aprendizado, com impedimento na realização de tarefas devido à dor, prejuízo no humor, sono, concentração, na realização de atividades habituais e práticas, bem como nas relações interpessoais

Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of Lipophilic Aromatic Aminoalcohols

In this work, we report on the preparation and evaluation of the in vitro antileishmanial activity of a series of lipophilic aromatic aminoalcohols. All compounds were assessed for their in vitro activity against promastigotes of three Leishmania species The most lipophilic aminoalcohols bearing an aliphatic moiety with eight to 12 carbon atoms displayed a good activity against L. amazonensis and L. major, and two of them also showed antiproliferative activity against L. chagasi. The best results were obtained for the N-dodecanoyl ethylenediamine derivative and for N-decyl aminoalcohol (IC50 = 5.2 and 0.7 μM, respectively)

Debates atuais em humanização e saúde: quem somos nós?

Considerando ser o SUS um processo social em construção, e sendo os profissionais de saúde importantes sujeitos desse processo, destaca-se o papel da educação permanente como um relevante instrumento para a garantia do cuidado humanizado. Discutir a experiência do curso de capacitação dos profissionais de saúde de uma Unidade de Saúde pública-ambulatorial, com base na perspectiva da humanização, visando a implementação de um modelo sanitário comprometido com os valores essenciais impressos nos ideais do SUS. A metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem utilizada baseou-se na problematização, utilizando-se do processamento de uma situação problema elaborada a partir da experiência dos docentes. Os profissionais identificaram que o padrão instituído no modo de pensar e fazer em saúde é insatisfatório para suprir os desafios enfrentados no setor. As estratégias utilizadas contribuíram para sistematizar o conteúdo através da reflexão sobre os referenciais teóricos apresentados, ao estimular o pensamento reflexivo e crítico, aspectos estes fundamentais para ampliar e aprofundar o processo de empoderamento dos profissionais. O curso estimulou a grupalidade, colocando em pauta na agenda, a discussão sobre a humanização das ações em saúde.Bearing in mind that the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) is a social process in construction, and as health professionals are important individuals in this process, the role of permanent education as an important instrument to ensure humanized care is highlighted. The scope of this paper is to discuss the experience of the training course for health professionals of a public health outpatient unit, based on the prospect of humanized treatment, seeking the implementation of a sanitary model committed to the formal values contained in the SUS ideals. The teaching-learning methodology used is based on problem-solving, derived from the processing of a problem situation taken from the experience of teachers. The professionals identified that the standard established in the way of thinking and acting in health is unsatisfactory to meet the challenges faced in the sector. The strategies used contributed to systematize the content through reflection on the theoretical benchmarks submitted, by eliciting reflective and critical thought, which are fundamental aspects for broadening and increasing the process of empowerment of professionals. The course stimulated group action, placing the discussion on the humanization of health actions on the agenda

Interaction between perceived maternal care, anxiety symptoms, and the neurobehavioral response to palatable foods in adolescents

Studies in rodents have shown that early life trauma leads to anxiety, increased stress responses to threatening situations, and modifies food intake in a new environment. However, these associations are still to be tested in humans. This study aimed to verify complex interactions among anxiety diagnosis, maternal care, and baseline cortisol on food intake in a new environment in humans. A community sample of 32 adolescents and young adults was evaluated for: psychiatric diagnosis using standardized interviews, maternal care using the Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), caloric consumption in a new environment (meal choice at a snack bar), and salivary cortisol. They also performed a brain fMRI task including the visualization of palatable foods vs. neutral items. The study found a three-way interaction between anxiety diagnosis, maternal care, and baseline cortisol levels on the total calories consumed (snacks) in a new environment. This interaction means that for those with high maternal care, there were no significant associations between cortisol levels and food intake in a new environment. However, for those with low maternal care and who have an anxiety disorder (affected), cortisol was associated with higher food intake; whereas for those with low maternal care and who did not have an anxiety disorder (resilient), cortisol was negatively associated with lower food intake. In addition, higher anxiety symptoms were associated with decreased activation in the superior and middle frontal gyrus when visualizing palatable vs. neutral items in those reporting high maternal care. These results in humans mimic experimental research findings and demonstrate that a combination of anxiety diagnosis and maternal care moderate the relationship between the HPA axis functioning, anxiety, and feeding behavior in adolescents and young adults

Organização, gestão e cuidado nutricional de pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde

Objective: To evaluate the organization, management, and nutritional care offered to overweight and obese individuals in primary healthcare (PHC) centers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 54 professionals from PHC in the city of Goiânia-GO. Data were obtained using a semi-structured, self-administered electronic questionnaire. Results: The participating professionals were predominantly nurses (88.9%) with more than five years in their current position (79.6%). Regarding office infrastructure, including seating, only 11.1% reported adequate chairs and benches, while 33.3% reported adequate physical accessibility. Territory mapping was reported by 51.8% of professionals. The main strategies for organizing care and treatment were central regulation (79.6%), and referrals and counter-referrals (77.6%). Conclusion: The results of this study reflect that PHC in Goiânia-GO is in the process of implementing management services and nutritional care that meet the public policy standards envisaged for the prevention and management of overweight conditions and obesity.Objetivo: Avaliar a organização, gestão e o cuidado nutricional ofertado às pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com 54 profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde da cidade de Goiânia-GO. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do questionário eletrônico semiestruturado e autoaplicável. Resultados: Os profissionais participantes eram enfermeiros 88,9%, e com mais de cinco anos na função atual 79,6%. Ao analisar a infraestrutura e mobiliário, apenas 11,1% relataram cadeiras e bancos adequados, 33,3% acessibilidade física. O mapeamento do território foi referido por 51,8% dos profissionais. As principais estratégias para organização do cuidado e tratamento foram: central de regulação 79,6%, referência e contrarreferência 77,8%. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo refletem que a APS em Goiânia-GO, está em processo de implantação da gestão e cuidado nutricional que atendam às políticas públicas previstas para a prevenção e manejo do sobrepeso e obesidade

Thrifty-eating behavior phenotype at the food court : programming goes beyond food preferences

Introduction: Prenatal growth impairment leads to higher preference for palatable foods in comparison to normal prenatal growth subjects, which can contribute to increased body fat mass and a higher risk for developing chronic diseases in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) individuals throughout life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SGA on feeding behavior in children and adolescents, as well as resting-state connectivity between areas related to reward, self-control, and value determination, such as orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC), amygdala and dorsal striatum (DS). Methods: Caregivers and their offspring were recruited from two independent cohorts in Brazil (PROTAIA) and Canada (MAVAN). Both cohorts included anthropometric measurements, food choice tasks, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Results: In the Brazilian sample (17 ± 0.28 years, n=70), 21.4% of adolescents were classified as SGA. They exhibited lower monetary-related expenditure to buy a snack compared to controls in the food choice test. Decreased functional connectivity (n=40) between left OFC and left DL-PFC; and between right OFC and: left amygdala, right DS, and left DS were observed in the Brazilian SGA participants. Canadian SGA participants (14.9%) had non-significant differences in comparison with controls in a food choice task at 4 years old ( ± 0.01, n=315). At a follow-up brain scan visit (10.21 ± 0.140 years, n=49), SGA participants (28.6%) exhibited higher connectivity between the left OFC and left DL-PFC, also higher connectivity between the left OFC and right DL-PFC. We did not observe significant anthropometric neither nutrients’ intake differences between groups in both samples. Conclusions: Resting-state fMRI results showed that SGA individuals had altered connectivity between areas involved in encoding the subjective value for available goods and decision-making in both samples, which can pose them in disadvantage when facing food options daily. Over the years, the cumulative exposure to particular food cues together with the altered behavior towards food, such as food purchasing, as seen in the adolescent cohort, can play a role in the long-term risk for developing chronic noncommunicable diseases

CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO CIRURGIÃO-DENTISTA EM AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR: UMA REVISÃO DE LETERATURA

Introdução: A literatura científica apresenta um número razoável de estudos que reforçam a necessidade da Odontologia Hospitalar. Entretanto, ainda são poucos os que abordam a inserção do Cirurgião-dentista no âmbito hospitalar. Objetivo: Descrever as evidências científicas sobre as contribuições do cirurgião-dentista no ambiente hospitalar. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada em cinco bases de dados e uma literatura cinzenta, respectivamente: LILACS, BDENF, BBO, MEDLINE, Scopus e Google Scholar. A busca eletrônica foi realizada no dia 04 de junho de 2024. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos com objeto específico sobre a assistência do cirurgião-dentista no contexto do ambiente hospitalar, com recorte temporal de 10 anos e sem filtro de idioma. Resultados: Foram avaliados 17 artigos, a maioria publicado no ano de 2014 e 2018, no Brasil e com delineamento transversal. Acerca das contribuições do Cirurgião-dentista, destacam-se três cenários, o da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), o geral da instituição hospitalar e o  cirúrgico. A contribuições no contexto de UTI mais pontuada nos estudos é sobre a prevenção e redução de Infecção Relacionada à Assistência a Saúde (IRAS), principalmente, da incidência de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica. No contexto geral, o Cirurgião-dentista atua em todos os espaços de internação na realização de interconsulta; prevenção, diagnóstico e terapêutica de problemas bucais. No contexto cirúrgico, destacam-se os cuidados com a higiene bucal no pré-operatório e pós-operatória para a prevenção de complicações das cirurgias. Conclusão: A maioria dos estudos versa sobre a atuação do Cirurgião-dentista na UTI, poucos estudos abordam as ações desse profissional no cenário hospitalar geral e operatório

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception