Reevaluación de cuellos de botella geográficos en un estudio multiciudad basado en el método respondent-driven sampling en Brasil

This study analyzes the spatial dynamics of drug users’ recruitment chains in the context of a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) study in the city of Recife, Brazil. The purpose is to understand the geographic bottlenecks, influenced by social geography, which have been a major challenge for RDS-based studies. Temporo-spatial analysis was used. Sequential maps depicted the dynamics of the recruiting process, considering neighborhood of residence and/or places of drug use. Poisson regression was fitted to model the recruiting rate by neighborhood of residence and/or places of drug use, and the different neighborhoods’ demographics. The distance between neighborhood of residence and/or places of drug use and the assessment center was negatively associated with recruitment. There was a positive association between the proportion of the population living in informal settings and the recruiting rate per neighborhood of residence and/or places of drug use. Recruitment chains depend on the social geography and demographics of the population. Studies should incorporate seeds from as many neighborhoods as possible, and more than one assessment center should be utilized.Se analiza la dinámica espacial de las cadenas de reclutamiento de consumidores de drogas en un estudio respondent-driven sampling (RDS) en la ciudad de Recife, Brasil. El propósito es comprender los cuellos de botella geográficos, influenciados por la geografía social, que han sido un gran desafío para los estudios basados en RDS. Se utilizó el análisis espacio-temporal. La dinámica del proceso de reclutamiento se presenta en mapas, teniendo en cuenta el barrio de residencia y/o los sitios de consumo de drogas. La regresión de Poisson se ajustó para modelar la tasa de reclutamiento por barrio de residencia y/o sitios de consumo de drogas y las características demográficas de los barrios. La distancia entre el barrio de residencia y/o los sitios de consumo de drogas y el centro de evaluación se asoció negativamente con el reclutamiento. Hubo una asociación positiva entre la proporción de la población que vive en entornos informales y la tasa de reclutamiento por barrio de residencia y/o sitios de consumo de drogas. Las cadenas de reclutamiento dependen de la geografía social y demográfica de la población. Los estudios deben incorporar semillas de reclutamiento de tantos barrios como sea posible, así como más de un centro de evaluación

Determinantes do óbito infantil no Vale do Jequitinhonha e nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil

OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the social and demographic determinants, in addition to the determinants of reproductive health and use of health services, associated with infant mortality in small and medium-sized cities of the North, Northeast and Southeast regions of Brazil. METHODS This is a case-control study with 803 cases of death of children under one year and 1,969 live births (controls), whose mothers lived in the selected cities in 2008. The lists of the names of cases and controls were extracted from the Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM – Mortality Information System) and the Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC – Live Birth Information System) and supplemented by data obtained by the research of “active search of death and birth”. Data was collected in the household using a semi-structured questionnaire, and the analysis was carried out using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS The final model indicates that the following items are positively and significantly associated with infant mortality: family working in agriculture, mother having a history of fetal and infant losses, no prenatal or inadequate prenatal, and not being associated to the maternity hospital during the prenatal period. We have observed significant interactions to explain the occurrence of infant mortality between race and socioeconomic score and between high-risk pregnancy and pilgrimage for childbirth. CONCLUSIONS The excessive number of home deliveries and pilgrimage for childbirth indicates flaws in the line of maternity care and a lack of collaboration between the levels of outpatient and hospital care. The study reinforces the need for an integrated management of the health care networks, leveraging the capabilities of cities in meeting the needs of pregnancy, delivery and birth with quality.OBJETIVO Identificar os determinantes sociais, demográficos, da saúde reprodutiva e de utilização dos serviços de saúde associados ao óbito infantil em municípios de pequeno e médio porte das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Sudeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle com 803 casos de óbito de menores de um ano e 1.969 nascidos vivos (controles), cujas mães residiam em 2008 nos municípios selecionados. As listas nominais dos casos e do controles foram extraídas do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade e do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos e completadas por dados obtidos pela pesquisa de “busca ativa de óbito e nascimento”. A coleta de dados foi realizada em domicílio por meio de questionário semiestruturado, e a análise, por meio de regressão logística múltipla. RESULTADOS O modelo final indicou que estão associadas positivamente e significativamente ao óbito infantil: a família trabalhar na agricultura, a mãe ter tido história de perdas fetais e infantis, não ter feito pré-natal ou ter tido um pré-natal inadequado e não estar vinculada à maternidade durante o pré-natal. Foram observadas interações significativas para explicar a ocorrência do óbito infantil entre cor de pele e escore socioeconômico e entre gestação classificada como de risco e peregrinação para o parto. CONCLUSÕES O número excessivo de partos domiciliares e de peregrinação para o parto indica falhas na linha de cuidado da gestante e desarticulação entre os níveis de atenção ambulatorial e hospitalar. O estudo reforça a necessidade de uma gestão integrada das redes de atenção à saúde, potencializando as capacidades municipais em atender, com qualidade, à gestação, ao parto e ao nascimento

COVID-19 and hospitalizations for SARI in Brazil: a comparison up to the 12th epidemiological week of 2020.

Surveillance of the severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in Brazil aims to characterize the circulation of the Influenza A and B viruses in hospitalized cases and deaths, having been expanded in 2012 to include other respiratory viruses. COVID-19 was detected in Brazil for the time in the 9th epidemiological week of 2020, and the test for the SARS-CoV-2 virus was included in the surveillance protocol starting in the 12th epidemiological week. This study's objective was to investigate the pattern of hospitalizations for SARI in Brazil since the entry of SARS-CoV-2, comparing the temporal and age profiles and laboratory results to the years 2010 through 2019. In 2020, hospitalizations for SARI, compiled from the date of the first confirmed case of COVID-19 up to the 12th week, exceeded the numbers observed during the same period in each of the previous 10 years. The age bracket over 60 years was the most heavily affected, at higher than historical levels. There was a considerable increase in negative laboratory tests, suggesting circulation of a different virus from those already present in the panel. We concluded that the increase in hospitalizations for SARI, the lack of specific information on the etiological agent, and the predominance of cases among the elderly during the same period in which there was an increase in the number of new cases of COVID-19 are all consistent with the hypothesis that severe cases of COVID-19 are already being detected by SARI surveillance, placing an overload on the health system. The inclusion of testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the SARI surveillance protocol and the test's effective nationwide deployment are extremely important for monitoring the evolution of severe COVID-19 cases in Brazil

Assessment of the implementation of nutritional care in prenatal basic units and hospitals of SUS in the city of Rio de Janeiro

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T14:15:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 280.pdf: 9461800 bytes, checksum: 64bcf2b95668d8fd7bc71e1f5aad8498 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.OBJETIVO: avaliar a implementação da atenção nutricional no pré-natal em unidades básicas de saúde e hospitais da rede do SUS no Município do Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: Estudo avaliativo cujo referencial teórico foi o terceiro estágio do Modelo de Avaliação de Implementação de Love (2004). A análise de cobertura foi realizada com base em dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Demografia e Saúde de2006 e a de componentes contemplou a revisão da literatura para a elaboração dos modelos causal e lógico-operacional. Analisou-se a conformidade das dimensões de estrutura e processo da atenção nutricional no pré-natal e a existência de associação entre elas. Estimou-se a prevalência do uso de suplemento de ferro e sua associação com variáveis proxy de estrutura e processo da atenção nutricional e características das gestantes. Em 2007/2008, a coleta de dados com amostra representativa consistiuem: observação direta da estrutura dos estabelecimentos (n=31) e de procedimentos de pesagem (n=159); entrevista com gestores (n=31) e com gestantes (n=2.148) e extração de informações dos cartões de pré-natal. Avaliou-se a concordância entre fontes de informação antropométrica (referidas por gestantes e registradas no cartão). RESULTADOS: Foi detectada a menor cobertura da atenção nutricional entre grupos de classe socioeconômica mais baixa. A magnitude elevada de distúrbios nutricionais gestacionais e o encadeamento lógico de suas causas e consequências ressaltaram a pertinência em intervir na ingestão alimentar das gestantes. Quanto aomérito do modelo lógico-operacional, entendeu-se que se a estrutura e o processo da atenção nutricional forem adequadamente implementados, pode-se alcançar os resultados esperados. Na apreciação normativa, 41 por cento dos estabelecimentos apresentaram estrutura em conformidade parcial inaceitável e 99 por cento das gestantes tiveram processo em conformidade parcial inaceitável ou não conforme, com associação linear entre essas duas dimensões. Quanto ao processo de pesagem, as piores conformidades foram observadas nos critérios aplicados na avaliação em balanças mecânicas. As concordâncias entre as informações antropométricas(referidas e registradas) foram altas. Foi corroborada a associação entre estrutura e processo da atenção nutricional com o uso do suplemento de ferro, bem como a maior vulnerabilidade de gestantes jovens, pretas, com maior parição e de pior situação socioeconômica. CONCLUSÃO: Há irregularidade na estrutura e elevado percentual de não conformidade no processo da atenção nutricional pré-natal. As evidências trazidas nesse estudo podem subsidiar a maior implementação da atenção nutricional no pré-natal, tendo em vista obter melhores desfechos gestacionais.OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the nutritional prenatal care implementation at primaryhealth units and hospitals in the National Health System in the City of Rio deJaneiro. METHODS: an evaluative study was carried on based on the Love sImplementation Evaluation Model (2004), in its third stage. Coverage was examinedusing the database of the 2006 National Demographics and Health Survey andcomponents analysis included the literature review to develop the causal and logicaloperationalmodels. The prenatal nutritional care structure and process conformitywere evaluated, as well as the association between them. The iron supplementationprevalence and its association with nutritional care structure and process and withpregnant women characteristics were estimated. Data collection took place in2007/2008, with a representative sample, and included: directly observation of thehealth facilities structure (n=31) and of the weighing process (n=159), interviewswith managers (n=31) and with pregnant women (n=2,148) and informationextraction from the prenatal card. The accordance between anthropometricinformation sources (referred by pregnant women and registered in their prenatalcards) was evaluated. RESULTS: lower coverage of prenatal nutritional care wasdetected among groups of lower socioeconomic status. The high level of nutritionaldisorders during pregnancy and the presumed logical chain of causes andconsequences of these disorders show the importance of intervening in the nutritionalstatus of pregnant women. The logical-operational model showed that, if thestructure and the process of nutritional care are adequately implemented, the resultscan be achieved. There was unacceptable compliance of structure in 41 per cent of thehealth facilities and 99 per cent of the pregnant women had unacceptable partial or noncompliancein the process, with linear association between these two dimensions. Asfor the weighing process, the worst conformities were observed in the criteria appliedin the evaluation in mechanical scales. Accordance between the two sources ofanthropometric information (referred and registered) was high. The associationbetween the nutritional care structure and process and the use of iron supplement wassupported, as well as the increased vulnerability of young women, with black skincolor, higher parity and low socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: There isstructure instability and a high percentage of non-compliance in the nutritionalprenatal care process. That evidence can subsidize the improvement of nutritionalprenatal care implementation with focus on better pregnancy outcomes

Conformity of pre-gestational weight measurement and agreement of anthropometric data reported by pregnant women and those recorded in prenatal cards, City of Rio de Janeiro, 2007-2008

Objective: To assess the conformity of the weight measurement process in the pre-gestational care offered in the city of Rio de Janeiro by primary units and hospitals of the National Health System, as well as to verify the agreement between the anthropometric data reported by pregnant women and those recorded in prenatal cards. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2007 - 2008 with two cluster samples: one to obtain a sample of pregnant women to be interviewed and another one for the weight measurement procedures to be observed. The conformity of the weight measurement process was evaluated according to the Ministry of Health standards, and the agreement between the two sources of anthropometric data was evaluated using mean differences, Bland-Altman method, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and weighted Kappa. Results: Out of the twelve criteria for weight measurement evaluation (n = 159 observations), three weren't in conformity ( 0.80). Conclusion: Studies may use weight and height information reported by pregnant women, in the absence of prenatal cards records, when it is an important economy to their execution, although the improvement of these two sources of information by means of better anthropometric process is necessary

Conhecimento e conformidade quanto às práticas de diagnóstico e tratamento da sífilis em maternidades de Teresina - PI, Brasil

Submitted by Fábio Marques ([email protected]) on 2018-04-12T16:54:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Raquel_Santos_Rosa_Domingues_etal_INI_Lapclin_2017.pdf: 221516 bytes, checksum: b5e34336b4fc6fa390eb0a5bc59a6353 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Dinelis ([email protected]) on 2018-08-06T17:59:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Raquel_Santos_Rosa_Domingues_etal_INI_Lapclin_2017.pdf: 221516 bytes, checksum: b5e34336b4fc6fa390eb0a5bc59a6353 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T17:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Raquel_Santos_Rosa_Domingues_etal_INI_Lapclin_2017.pdf: 221516 bytes, checksum: b5e34336b4fc6fa390eb0a5bc59a6353 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Hospital Geral do Promorar. Teresina, PI, Brasil.Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento e a conformidade em práticas de diagnóstico e tratamento no manejo da sífilis por ocasião da admissão para o parto entre os profissionais de saúde atuantes nas maternidades públicas de Teresina, Piauí, na Região Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: Realizou-se, em 2015, um estudo transversal com a população de médicos obstetras e enfermeiros atuantes nas maternidades públicas de Teresina (n=159) por meio de formulários autoaplicáveis, tendo sido registradas 5% de perdas e 10% de recusas. Foram utilizados 21 critérios de avaliação: 13 relacionados ao conhecimento (5 sobre exames sorológicos e 8 sobre adequação do tratamento) e 8 relacionados às práticas (3 sobre diagnóstico, 4 sobre tratamento, e 1 sobre aconselhamento pós teste). A conformidade dos conhecimentos e práticas foi estimada como a proporção de respostas dos profissionais em concordância com os protocolos do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro. Resultados: Foi observada concordância em dois critérios de conhecimento sobre exames sorológicos, um relacionado às práticas diagnósticas, e um de prática de tratamento, entre os médicos. Entre os enfermeiros, nenhum critério avaliado apresentou concordância com os critérios padrão. Conclusões: O perfil observado de baixa conformidade quanto aos critérios avaliados resulta em oportunidades perdidas de diagnóstico e tratamento das gestantes/puérperas e de seus parceiros. Estratégias de capacitação e integração das diversas categorias profissionais, melhoria nos registros no cartão de pré-natal e maior responsabilização da equipe hospitalar no manejo do parceiro são necessárias para superar as barreiras encontradas e interromper a cadeia de transmissão da doença.Objective To assess the knowledge and compliance of health professionals regarding the diagnostic and treatment practices for syphilis in patients admitted for childbirth in public maternity hospitals in the city of Teresina, in the state of Piauí, Northeastern Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in 2015 with obstetricians and nurses working in the public maternity hospitals in Teresina (n ¼ 159) using a selfadministered questionnaire, with 5% of losses and 10% of refusals. The study used 21 evaluation criteria: 13 of them were related to knowledge (5 on serological tests and 8 on treatment adequacy); 8 were related to practices (3 on diagnosis, 4 on treatment, and 1 on post-test counseling). The knowledge of and compliance to the practices was estimated as the proportion of health professionals’ answers that were in agreement with Brazilian Ministry of Health protocols. Results The obstetricians were in agreement with two criteria concerning the knowledge of serological tests, one for diagnostic practices, and one for treatment practice. Among nurses, no single match between actual procedures and guidelines was observed. Conclusions Low compliance with the protocols results in missed opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnant and postpartum women and their partners. Strategies for training and integrating the various professional groups, improved data recording on prenatal cards, and greater accountability of the hospital team in managing the women’s partners are needed to overcome the barriers identified in the study and to interrupt the syphilis transmission chain