249 research outputs found

    The contribution of the Spanish language in Flanders to the lexicon of general Spanish at the end of the 16th and during the 17th century

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    El examen exhaustivo de un corpus de manuscritos e impresos (1,5 millón de registros) redactados por miembros del personal político, militar y religioso español que sirvió en los Estados de Flandes (1567-1706) permite observar el uso de neologismos completamente desconocidos en el español de la Península (por ej. drosarte, liarte, marrazo ‘tierra pantanosa’) o que no aparecerán allí sino medio siglo más tarde (por ej. recluta y tren). Casi todos estos neologismos se tomaron de las variedades románicas de los Estados de Flandes (picardo y valón), además del francés estándar, que no solo se hablaba en la parte meridional del país, sino que lo practicaban también las clases altas (aristocracia, comerciantes, etc.) de la parte septentrional del país, donde el pueblo hablaba el neerlandés o uno de susdialectos. El uso de estos (y otros más) neologismos peculiares en la lengua española de Flandes tiene como consecuencia que el español de Flandes merece tratarse en adelante, por lo menos desde el punto de vista lexicológico, como una variante peculiar del español áureo.El examen exhaustivo de un corpus de manuscritos e impresos (1,5 millón de registros) redactados por miembros del personal político, militar y religioso español que sirvió en los Estados de Flandes (1567-1706) permite observar el uso de neologismos completamente desconocidos en el español de la Península (por ej. drosarte, liarte, marrazo ‘tierra pantanosa’) o que no aparecerán allí sino medio siglo más tarde (por ej. recluta y tren). Casi todos estos neologismos se tomaron de las variedades románicas de los Estados de Flandes (picardo y valón), además del francés estándar, que no solo se hablaba en la parte meridional del país, sino que lo practicaban también las clases altas (aristocracia, comerciantes, etc.) de la parte septentrional del país, donde el pueblo hablaba el neerlandés o uno de susdialectos. El uso de estos (y otros más) neologismos peculiares en la lengua española de Flandes tiene como consecuencia que el español de Flandes merece tratarse en adelante, por lo menos desde el punto de vista lexicológico, como una variante peculiar del español áureo.El examen exhaustivo de un corpus de manuscritos e impresos (1,5 millón de registros) redactados por miembros del personal político, militar y religioso español que sirvió en los Estados de Flandes (1567-1706) permite observar el uso de neologismos completamente desconocidos en el español de la Península (por ej. drosarte, liarte, marrazo ‘tierra pantanosa’) o que no aparecerán allí sino medio siglo más tarde (por ej. recluta y tren). Casi todos estos neologismos se tomaron de las variedades románicas de los Estados de Flandes (picardo y valón), además del francés estándar, que no solo se hablaba en la parte meridional del país, sino que lo practicaban también las clases altas (aristocracia, comerciantes, etc.) de la parte septentrional del país, donde el pueblo hablaba el neerlandés o uno de susdialectos. El uso de estos (y otros más) neologismos peculiares en la lengua española de Flandes tiene como consecuencia que el español de Flandes merece tratarse en adelante, por lo menos desde el punto de vista lexicológico, como una variante peculiar del español áureo.The exhaustive analysis of a corpus of manuscripts and books (1,5 million of records) redacted by Spanish members of the politic, military and religious staff being on duty in Flanders (1567-1706) allows us to observe the use of neologisms which were completely unknown in the Spanish language of the Peninsula (for ex. drosarte, liarte, marrazo ‘swamp’) or which will not appear there until half a century later (for ex. Recluta y tren). Nearly all these neologisms were borrowed from the Romanic varieties of Flanders (Picard and Walloon), besides standard French, which was not only the main language of the southern part, but was also used by the higher classes of the northernpart of the country, where people spoke Dutch or one of its dialects. The consequence of the use of these (and others) neologisms peculiar to the Spanish language of Flanders is that henceforward the Spanish language of this area merits the treatment, at least from a lexical point of view, as a peculiar variant of the Spanish of the Golden Age

    La aportación de la lengua española de Flandes al léxico del español general a finales del siglo XVI y durante el siglo XVII

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    El examen exhaustivo de un corpus de manuscritos e impresos (1,5 millón de registros) redactados por miembros del personal político, militar y religioso español que sirvió en los Estados de Flandes (1567-1706) permite observar el uso de neologismos completamente desconocidos en el español de la Península (por ej. drosarte, liarte, marrazo 'tierra pantanosa') o que no aparecerán allí sino medio siglo más tarde (por ej. recluta y tren). Casi todos estos neologismos se tomaron de las variedades románicas de los Estados de Flandes (picardo y valón), además del francés estándar, que no solo se hablaba en la parte meridional del país, sino que lo practicaban también las clases altas (aristocracia, comerciantes, etc.) de la parte septentrional del país, donde el pueblo hablaba el neerlandés o uno de susdialectos. El uso de estos (y otros más) neologismos peculiares en la lengua española de Flandes tiene como consecuencia que el español de Flandes merece tratarse en adelante, por lo menos desde el punto de vista lexicológico, como una variante peculiar del español áureo.The exhaustive analysis of a corpus of manuscripts and books (1,5 million of records) redacted by Spanish members of the politic, military and religious staff being on duty in Flanders (1567-1706) allows us to observe the use of neologisms which were completely unknown in the Spanish language of the Peninsula (for ex. drosarte, liarte, marrazo 'swamp') or which will not appear there until half a century later (for ex. Recluta y tren). Nearly all these neologisms were borrowed from the Romanic varieties of Flanders (Picard and Walloon), besides standard French, which was not only the main language of the southern part, but was also used by the higher classes of the northernpart of the country, where people spoke Dutch or one of its dialects. The consequence of the use of these (and others) neologisms peculiar to the Spanish language of Flanders is that henceforward the Spanish language of this area merits the treatment, at least from a lexical point of view, as a peculiar variant of the Spanish of the Golden Age

    Te digo (de venir); me pide (de) salir. A propósito del uso erróneo del infinitivo en las sustantivas de régimen directo

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    Se analiza el uso erróneo del infinitivo en las sustantivas de régimen directo por parte de los alumnos de E/ LE. Como la mayor parte de los manuales recientes de E/ LE no aborda el problema de la dicotomía subjuntivo/ infinitivo, o no aporta una solución satisfactoria, se ha analizado un amplio corpus de teatro actual, para determinar concretamente esta cuestión

    Heart Failure and Pancreas Exocrine Insufficiency:Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Clinical Point of View

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    Heart failure is associated with decreased tissue perfusion and increased venous congestion that may result in organ dysfunction. This dysfunction has been investigated extensively for many organs, but data regarding pancreatic (exocrine) dysfunction are scarce. In the present review we will discuss the available data on the mechanisms of pancreatic damage, how heart failure can lead to exocrine dysfunction, and its clinical consequences. We will show that heart failure causes significant impairment of pancreatic exocrine function, particularly in the elderly, which may exacerbate the clinical syndrome of heart failure. In addition, pancreatic exocrine insufficiency may lead to further deterioration of cardiovascular disease and heart failure, thus constituting a true vicious circle. We aim to provide insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms that constitute this reciprocal relation. Finally, novel treatment options for pancreatic dysfunction in heart failure are discussed

    PhMYB4 fine-tunes the floral volatile signature of Petunia×hybrida through PhC4H

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    In Petunia×hybrida cv ‘Mitchell Diploid’ (MD), floral volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid (FVBP) biosynthesis is controlled spatially, developmentally, and daily at molecular, metabolic, and biochemical levels. Multiple genes have been shown to encode proteins that either directly catalyse a biochemical reaction yielding FVBP compounds or are involved in metabolite flux prior to the formation of FVBP compounds. It was hypothesized that multiple transcription factors are involved in the precise regulation of all necessary genes, resulting in the specific volatile signature of MD flowers. After acquiring all available petunia transcript sequences with homology to Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3-MYB transcription factors, PhMYB4 (named for its close identity to AtMYB4) was identified, cloned, and characterized. PhMYB4 transcripts accumulate to relatively high levels in floral tissues at anthesis and throughout open flower stages, which coincides with the spatial and developmental distribution of FVBP production and emission. Upon RNAi suppression of PhMYB4 (ir-PhMYB4) both petunia CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (PhC4H1 and PhC4H2) gene transcript levels were significantly increased. In addition, ir-PhMYB4 plants emit higher levels of FVBP compounds derived from p-coumaric acid (isoeugenol and eugenol) compared with MD. Together, these results indicate that PhMYB4 functions in the repression of C4H transcription, indirectly controlling the balance of FVBP production in petunia floral tissue (i.e. fine-tunes)

    Recurrence of idiopathic acute pancreatitis after cholecystectomy: systematic review and meta-analysis

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    Background: Occult biliary disease has been suggested as a frequent underlying cause of idiopathic acute pancreatitis (IAP). Cholecystectomy has been proposed as a strategy to prevent recurrent IAP. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the efficacy of cholecystectomy in reducing the risk of recurrent IAP. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically for studies including patients with IAP treated by cholecystectomy, with data on recurrence of pancreatitis. Studies published before 1980 or including chronic pancreatitis and case reports were excluded. The primary outcome was recurrence rate. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Meta-analyses were undertaken to calculate risk ratios using a random-effects model with the inverse-variance method. Results: Overall, ten studies were included, of which nine were used in pooled analyses. The study population consisted of 524 patients with 126 cholecystectomies. Of these 524 patients, 154 (29·4 (95 per cent c.i. 25·5 to 33·3) per cent) had recurrent disease. The recurrence rate was significantly lower after cholecystectomy than after conservative management (14 of 126 (11·1 per cent) versus 140 of 398 (35·2 per cent); risk ratio 0·44, 95 per cent c.i. 0·27 to 0·71). Even in patients in whom IAP was diagnosed after more extensive diagnostic testing, including endoscopic ultrasonography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, the recurrence rate appeared to be lower after cholecystectomy (4 of 36 (11 per cent) versus 42 of 108 (38·9 per cent); risk ratio 0·41, 0·16 to 1·07). Conclusion: Cholecystectomy after an episode of IAP reduces the risk of recurrent pancreatitis. This implies that current diagnostics are insufficient to exclude a biliary cause
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