Whiskerless Schottky diode

A Schottky diode for millimeter and submillimeter wave applications is comprised of a multi-layered structure including active layers of gallium arsenide on a semi-insulating gallium arsenide substrate with first and second insulating layers of silicon dioxide on the active layers of gallium arsenide. An ohmic contact pad lays on the silicon dioxide layers. An anode is formed in a window which is in and through the silicon dioxide layers. An elongated contact finger extends from the pad to the anode and a trench, preferably a transverse channel or trench of predetermined width, is formed in the active layers of the diode structure under the contact finger. The channel extends through the active layers to or substantially to the interface of the semi-insulating gallium arsenide substrate and the adjacent gallium arsenide layer which constitutes a buffer layer. Such a structure minimizes the effect of the major source of shunt capacitance by interrupting the current path between the conductive layers beneath the anode contact pad and the ohmic contact. Other embodiments of the diode may substitute various insulating or semi-insulating materials for the silicon dioxide, various semi-conductors for the active layers of gallium arsenide, and other materials for the substrate, which may be insulating or semi-insulating

Use and Misuse of the Likert Item Responses and Other Ordinal Measures

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(3): 297-302, 2015. Likert, Likert-type, and ordinal-scale responses are very popular psychometric item scoring schemes for attempting to quantify people’s opinions, interests, or perceived efficacy of an intervention and are used extensively in Physical Education and Exercise Science research. However, these numbered measures are generally considered ordinal and violate some statistical assumptions needed to evaluate them as normally distributed, parametric data. This is an issue because parametric statistics are generally perceived as being more statistically powerful than non-parametric statistics. To avoid possible misinterpretation, care must be taken in analyzing these types of data. The use of visual analog scales may be equally efficacious and provide somewhat better data for analysis with parametric statistics

Growth of pasture plants (2012)

"Agriculture.""Dairy grazing.""Dairy grazing publication series: This publication is one in a series about operating and managing a pasture-based dairy. Although these publications often refer to conditions in Missouri, many of the principles and concepts described may apply to operations throughout the United States.""Revised by Robert L. Kallenbach, Forages State Specialist, Division of Plant Sciences.""This publication replaces Chapter 3, Growth of Forage Plants, in MU Extension publication M168, Dairy Grazing Manual. Original author: Greg J. Bishop-Hurley, University of Missouri."New 2/12/Web

Theory for nucleation at an interface and magnetization reversal of a two-layer nanowire

Nucleation at the interface between two adjoining regions with dissimilar physical properties is investigated using a model for magnetization reversal of a two-layer ferromagnetic nanowire. Each layer of the nanowire is considered to have a different degree of magnetic anisotropy, representing a hard magnetic layer exchange-coupled to a softer layer. A magnetic field applied along the easy axis causes the softer layer to reverse, forming a domain wall close to the interface. For small applied fields this state is metastable and complete reversal of the nanowire takes place via activation over a barrier. A reversal mechanism involving nucleation at an interface is proposed, whereby a domain wall changes in width as it passes from the soft layer to the hard layer during activation. Langer’s statistical theory for the decay of a metastable state is used to derive rates of magnetization reversal, and simple formulas are found in limiting cases for the activation energy, rate of reversal, and critical field at which the metastable state becomes unstable. These formulas depend on the anisotropy difference between each layer, and the behavior of the reversal rate prefactor is interpreted in terms of activation entropy and domain-wall dynamics

Adhesion of Three Brands of Elastic Therapeutic Tape

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare, over a period of 5 days, the rate of adhesion of TheraBand® Kinesiology Tape (TKT) with either KT Tape® (KT) or Kinesio® Tex Gold (KTEX) under 25% elongation among healthy adults. Methods: In this study, 2 independent cohorts of 20 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to simultaneously receive applications of 2 brands of deidentified elastic therapeutic tape (ETT) applied to their lower back at 25% elongation. Cohort 1 received TKT and KTEX tape, whereas cohort 2 received TKT and KT. Data were collected at 1 h (D1), 3 days (D3), and 5 days (D5) following the initial application of the ETT. Data collected included 3 digital photographs of the subjects’ lower back. The percentage of the tape that remained adhered (0%–100%) was assessed independently by 3 evaluators and then averaged to arrive at a percentage of tape adhesion for each brand of tape at each data collection point. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA of cohort 1 indicated no differences (P \u3e .05) in adhesion between the TKT and KTEX at any data collection point, although post hoc analysis of the significant time effect indicated that the rate of adhesion of the KTEX brand declined from D1 (97%) to D3 (74%) to D5 (59%), whereas that of the TKT tape did not change over the duration of the study (97%, D1; 86%, D2; 70%, D3). In cohort 2, the analysis indicated a significant interaction effect with the KT brand (99%, D1; 67%, D2; 35%), declining over the course of the study and exhibiting lower rate of adhesion than the TKT (99%, D1; 83%, D2; 76%, D3) brand at D3 and D5. The rate of adhesion of the TKT tape did not significantly decline in cohort 2. Conclusions: Clinicians can use evidence from this study when choosing different ETT brands

Prospectus, October 26, 1983

LEARNING LAB IS A LIFE SAVER; News Digest; What to do about childhood stress; Braille room fills needs of the blind; PC Happenings; Did you know that?; How to reorganize homemaking chores; TV results; Pumpkin Contest; Health Information; C.A.A.R.; WPCD quizzes high schools; Register for spring semester; Apples remain fave fruit; Be cool in case of fire; Rural Illinois growth increases; Cowboy Brock programs sports; Pulitzer winner visits C-U; Quality circles solve problems; Oktoberfest is today; Around Parkland; The truth behind Halloween is haunting; Brighten a Soldier\u27s Christmas; Interesting story ideas brighten series; Passion at Krannert; Zelig restores Allen\u27s stature; Classified; Krannert adds on; Fast Freddy statistics; Fast Freddy Contest; Bowling scoreshttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1983/1007/thumbnail.jp

Determinants of Newspaper Circulation

This study offers a new approach to the problem of time-series studies and attempts to set up a model to account for the growth in demand for daily newspapers Using U S data on a state-by-state basis for 1850 to 1970, we have used a marketing approach What conditions were necessary for the survival of a daily newspaper? What conditions were conducive to consolidation? What conditions were a barrier to the adoption of social and technological innovation? The data were grouped into geographic and social regions for analysis, using a special case of generalized least squares Independent variables included price as a proportion of per-capita income, percentage of the work force in nonagricultural labor, education, voting, and urbanization. Price proved the most powerful predictor Corrected R2s range from 22636 (m regions where newspaper growth took place very early or late in the period) to 67543 in the Midwest and Southwest The model will be applied to data from the industrialized countries of Western Europe in later workPeer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67057/2/10.1177_009365028000700101.pd

Effects of Multivitamin Supplementation on Heart Rate Response in Aerobically Untrained College Aged Students

Multivitamin use is increasingly prevalent in the US among most every population. Yet, previous research noted no performance benefits among individuals following a supplementation period. This study focused on the potential physiological benefits from a three week multivitamin supplementation period using 24 (20.9 ± 2.6yr) aerobically untrained college aged students. Subjects were divided equally into three groups (placebo = PL, multivitamin = MV, control = CL) and asked to perform separate eight minute bouts of exercise, consisting of six min of moderate (60%VO2max) intensity followed immediately by two min of high (85%VO2max) intensity exercise on a cycle ergometer. Following the supplementation period, participants came back and performed the same exercise bout. Heart rates were measured with a POLAR Heart Rate monitor and recorded every two min. Data analysis, using ANOVA comparing the three groups, indicated a statistically significant HR interaction. Post hoc paired t-tests, comparing the pre/post supplementation tests of all groups, noted significant differences in HR between MV group during the 60% VO2 (p = 0.04) intensity bout, and approached significance at 85% VO2 (p = 0.10). No difference occurred for the CL group during either moderate or high intensity exercise. The results indicate that the introduction of a supplement, whether real or placebo, may have a physiological effect on the heart rate of aerobically untrained college students

Book Reviews

Book reviews of: Armies of Deliverance: A New History of the Civil War By Elizabeth R. Varon. College Edition. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2021. Maps, acknowledgments, timeline, notes, suggested readings, glossary, index. Pp. xxv, 531. $29.99 paper. ISBN: 978-0-19-933539-8.) Hurtin’ Words: Debating Family Problems in the Twentieth-Century South. By Ted Ownby. (Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Acknowledgements, illustrations, notes, index. Pp. xiv, 334.$90 cloth, $29.95 paper,$22.99 electronic. ISBN: 978-1-46964-700-5.) Illusions of Emancipation: The Pursuit of Freedom & Equality in the Twilight of Slavery. By Joseph P. Reidy. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. Acknowledgements, illustrations, map, notes, index. Pp. 1, 506. $39.95 Hardcover,$29.99 E-Book. ISBN: 978-1-4696-4836-1.) Civil War Monuments and the Militarization of America. By Thomas J. Brown. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. 384 pp., 6.125 x 9.25, 87 halftones, notes, bibl., index, Paper, $29.97, 978-1-4696-5374-7.) Reconstruction Politics in a Deep South State: Alabama, 1865–1874. By William Warren Rogers, Jr. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2021. Acknowledgments, illustrations, notes, bibliography. Pp. 1, 439.$54.95 cloth. ISBN: 978-0817320744.) Fugitivism: Escaping Slavery in the Lower Mississippi Valley, 1820–1860. By S. Charles Bolton. (Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press, 2019. Acknowledgements, appendix, notes, index. Pp. x, 302. $34.95 cloth. ISBN: 978-1-68226-009-9.) Bernardo de Gálvez: Spanish Hero of the American Revolution. By Gonzalo M. Quintero Saravia. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018. Acknowledgements, appendix, notes, bibliography, index. Pp. xi, 602,$38.00 cloth. ISBN: 9781469640792.

Probabilistic classification of acute myocardial infarction from multiple cardiac markers

Logistic regression and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) classifiers have been trained to estimate the probability of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients based upon the concentrations of a panel of cardiac markers. The panel consists of two new markers, fatty acid binding protein (FABP) and glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB), in addition to the traditional cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase MB (CKMB) and myoglobin. The effect of using principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) to preprocess the marker concentrations was also investigated. The need for classifiers to give an accurate estimate of the probability of AMI is argued and three categories of performance measure are described, namely discriminatory ability, sharpness, and reliability. Numerical performance measures for each category are given and applied. The optimum classifier, based solely upon the samples take on admission, was the logistic regression classifier using FDA preprocessing. This gave an accuracy of 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.78–0.91) and a normalised Brier score of 0.89. When samples at both admission and a further time, 1–6 h later, were included, the performance increased significantly, showing that logistic regression classifiers can indeed use the information from the five cardiac markers to accurately and reliably estimate the probability AMI