Sepsis Syndrome and Associated Sequelae in Patients at High Risk for Gram‐Negative Sepsis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90154/1/j.1875-9114.1995.tb04333.x.pd

Demonstration of surface electron rejection with interleaved germanium detectors for dark matter searches

The following article appeared in Applied Physics Letters 103.16 (2013): 164105 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/apl/100/26/10.1063/1.4729825The SuperCDMS experiment in the Soudan Underground Laboratory searches for dark matter with a 9-kg array of cryogenic germanium detectors. Symmetric sensors on opposite sides measure both charge and phonons from each particle interaction, providing excellent discrimination between electron and nuclear recoils, and between surface and interior events. Surface event rejection capabilities were tested with two 210 Pb sources producing ∼130 beta decays/hr. In ∼800 live hours, no events leaked into the 8–115 keV signal region, giving upper limit leakage fraction 1.7 × 10−5 at 90% C.L., corresponding to < 0.6 surface event background in the future 200-kg SuperCDMS SNOLAB experiment.This work is supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Grant Nos. AST-9978911, NSF-0847342, PHY-1102795,NSF-1151869, PHY-0542066, PHY-0503729, PHY-0503629, PHY-0503641, PHY-0504224, PHY-0705052,PHY-0801708, PHY-0801712, PHY-0802575, PHY-0847342, PHY-0855299, PHY-0855525, and PHY-1205898), by the Department of Energy (Contract Nos. DE-AC03-76SF00098, DE-FG02-92ER40701, DE-FG02-94ER40823,DE-FG03-90ER40569, DE-FG03-91ER40618, and DESC0004022),by NSERC Canada (Grant Nos. SAPIN 341314 and SAPPJ 386399), and by MULTIDARK CSD2009-00064 and FPA2012-34694. Fermilab is operated by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. De-AC02-07CH11359, while SLAC is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-76SF00515 with the United States Department of Energy

Innate immune signals modulate antiviral and polyreactive antibody responses during severe respiratory syncytial virus infection

Antiviral antibody production during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is poorly understood. Tocharacterize localBlymphocyte responses, lung tissue and secretions from infants withRSVbronchiolitis were analyzed for innate B cell-stimulating factors and antiviral antibodies. In lung tissues of infants with fatal RSV bronchiolitis, CD20+ lymphocytes and IgM-positive, IgG-positive, and IgA-positive plasma cells were prominent but CD4+ T lymphocytes were not. Type I interferon-induced proteins and B cell tropic factors, including B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), were colocalized in infected epithelium. In nasopharyngeal secretions from infants who survived RSV infection, class-switched antiviral and antinucleosomal antibodies were detected at presentation and correlated with BAFF and APRIL levels. Expression of APRIL and antiviral antibodies of IgA and IgM but not IgG isotype predicted better oxygen saturation. We conclude t

Macrophage Impairment Underlies Airway Occlusion in Primary Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis

Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most important cause of bronchiolitis in infants, the pathogenesis of RSV disease is poorly described. We studied histopathologic changes in a panel of lung tissue specimens obtained from infants with fatal cases of primary RSV infection. In these tissues, airway occlusion with accumulations of infected, apoptotic cellular debris and serum protein was consistently observed. Similar observations were found after RSV infection in New Zealand black (NZB) mice, which have constitutive deficiencies in macrophage function, but not in BALB/c mice. A deficiency in the number of alveolar macrophages in NZB mice appears to be central to enhanced disease, because depletion of alveolar macrophages in BALB/c mice before RSV exposure resulted in airway occlusion. In mice with insufficient numbers of macrophages, RSV infection yielded an increased viral load and enhanced expression of type I interferon-associated genes at the height of disease. Together, our data suggest that innate, rather than adaptive, immune responses are critical determinants of the severity of RSV bronchiolitis

Silicon Detector Dark Matter Results from the Final Exposure of CDMS II

We report results of a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPS) with the silicon detectors of the CDMS II experiment. This blind analysis of 140.2 kg day of data taken between July 2007 and September 2008 revealed three WIMP-candidate events with a surface-event background estimate of 0.41(-0.08)(+0.20)(stat)(-0.24)(+0.28)(syst). Other known backgrounds from neutrons and 206Pb are limited to &lt;0.13 and &lt;0.08 events at the 90% confidence level, respectively. The exposure of this analysis is equivalent to 23.4 kg day for a recoil energy range of 7-100 keV for a WIMP of mass 10  GeV/c2. The probability that the known backgrounds would produce three or more events in the signal region is 5.4%. A profile likelihood ratio test of the three events that includes the measured recoil energies gives a 0.19% probability for the known-background-only hypothesis when tested against the alternative WIMP+background hypothesis. The highest likelihood occurs for a WIMP mass of 8.6  GeV/c2 and WIMP-nucleon cross section of 1.9×10(-41)  cm2

Bronchiolitis

Bronchiolitis is an acute respiratory illness precipitated by a viral infection and resulting in obstruction of the small airways. While mortality due to bronchiolitis is low in developed countries, it remains an important illness because of the frequency with which infants require hospitalization and because of the potential association with asthma during later life. Definition An enduring definition of bronchiolitis has been the first episode during infancy of an illness beginning as an upper respiratory infection that progresses to the development of wheezing. This definition is inadequate for a number of reasons. First, infants who have obstructive airway disease do not always wheeze audibly. Second, many infants have two or more episodes of viral bronchiolitis within an interval of only a few months. The recurrent wheezing episodes are clinically quite similar to the first episode. Finally, some children may have their first episode of virus-induced wheezing during the second year of life, with the age of onset being the only feature that is different from a typical episode of bronchiolitis. It has been suggested that clinicians use the response of the wheezing infant to a single subcutaneous dose of epinephrine to distinguish bronchiolitis from asthma. This is inappropriate because a small number of infants who have true bronchiolitis respond to the first course of beta-adrenergic agents while many patients with status asthmaticus do not.</jats:p