Synthesis and Peptidyl Group Migration in Isopropylidene Acetals Derived from the Glucose-substituted Imidazolidinone Related to Opioid Peptide Leucine-enkephalin

The reaction of the glucose-substituted imidazolidinone 1, structurally related to endogenous opioid pentapeptide leucine-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu), with acetone in the presence of acid catalyst gives 2,3-O-isopropylidene derivative 2 along with the isomeric monoacetal 3. Evidence is presented by using RP HPLC and NMR spectroscopy that, under the conditions of ketal formation, the peptidyl group migrated from the primary (2) to the adjacent secondary hydroxy group of the sugar moiety to give ester 3. The product distribution in the equilibrated reaction mixture (2 : 3 ≈ 1.5 : 1) indicated that 5-O-peptidyl derivative 2 is slightly more stable than ester 3. Peptidyl group migration in aqueous solution at pH = 5 shows slow 2 → 3 rearrangement and markedly faster 3 → 2 conversion

Pregled e-knjiga i platformi za e-učenje

Tema ovog diplomskog rada su e-knjige, odnosno na knjige u digitalnom obliku. U njemu je objašnjeno što su to u stvari e-knjige, na koji se način one stvaraju, od samog pisanja teksta pa sve do prijeloma stranica, dizajna naslovnice, pa do završne faze i slanja knjige u e-knjiga formatu na daljnju distribuciju u Internet knjižare. Osim toga, detaljno su opisani formati u kojima se e-knjige najčešće pojavljuju, kao i e-čitači, uređaji pomoću kojih je moguće čitati e-knjige. Prikazano je koliko su e-knjige u stvari raširene danas, te je pokušano dati odgovor na pitanje kakva budućnost čeka tržište e-knjiga. Osim toga, ovaj rad obrađuje i platforme za e-učenje te se u njemu uspoređuju najraširenije takve platforme. Objašnjeno je zašto su neke platforme za e-učenje popularnije od drugih. Također je provedena i anonimna anketa kojoj je cilj bio pokazati u kojoj mjeri su e-knjige raširene unutar Hrvatske, te imaju li e-knjige budućnost u Hrvatskoj. Pomoću dobivenih rezultata moguće je u određenoj mjeri pretpostaviti kako će se formirati potencijalno tržište e-knjiga u Hrvatskoj

The Concept of Habit in Aristotle

Aristotelov nauk o navici, osim toga što je važan i bogat u sebi, predstavlja temelj potpunijeg shvaćanja njegove teorije o vrlinama, a time i njegove cjelokupne etike. Osnovne ideje ove problematike kroz cijelu povijest filozofije često su budile interes, a i danas njegov nauk tvori jezgru razmišljanja o navici, te je neminovno polazište suvremenih spekulacija. Stoga ćemo se uz obradu glavnih tekstova o navici u Aristotelovim djelima osvrnuti i na interpretaciju talijanskog filozofa Luigi Pareysona, koji smatra da je Aristotelova originalnost u ideji vezivanja dvaju različitih pojmova éthos i héxis. Pareyson osobito osvjetljava vezu u kojoj éthos završava da bi dao mjesto héxisu te objašnjava kako héxis može proizići iz éthosa. U prvom redu iznijet ćemo razliku i odnos između héxis i éthosa te kako oni mogu biti izvor navici, koja je kao takva rezultat i uvjet čovjekova djelovanja. Po Aristotelu, preko ponavljanja čina navika omogućava da čovjek bude onakvim kakvim se sam čini, pri čemu se događa prijelaz sa slobode na neophodnost, te s truda na spontanost. Drugim riječima, one radnje koje su samoj volji u početku predstavljale napor i trud, nakon postizanja navike iste radnje obavlja spontano i lako. Ovu vlastitost navike Aristotel smatra vrlo važnom u odgoju i politici radi čega se može reći kako je ova tema i u današnjem vremenu vrlo aktualna.Besides being important and rich in itself, Aristotle’s concept of habit represents the foundation of a more comprehensive understanding of his theory of virtues, and with it his ethics as a whole. Throughout the entire history of philosophy the underlying ideas of this issue have frequently generated interest; even today his teachings lie at the very core of one’s reflections on habit and are inevitably the very starting point of contemporary speculations. Thus, in addition to analysing Aristotle’s main texts on habit, this paper also examines the interpretations given by the Italian philosopher Luigi Pareyson, who holds that Aristotle’s originality lies in the idea of linking two different concepts, namely éthos and héxis. Pareyson sheds light on the relation in which ethos ends in order to make room for héxis, and further explains that the latter can issue from the former. The authoress first expounds the difference and relation between éthos and héxis, as well as the way in which they can be the source of habit, which is – as such – both the outcome and condition of man’s deeds. According to Aristotle, by repeating acts, habits enable man to be such as he appears to be to himself, in which freedom transforms into necessity and effort into spontaneity. In other words, once the acts that were initially effortful and laborious to the will become a habit, the will does them spontaneously and with ease. Aristotle considers this property of habit vitally important in education and politics, due to which it can indeed be said that this topic is current even today

WHAT IS HOMELAND TO A GASTARBEITER?

Rad tematizira pomalo zapostavljeno djelo Ivana Raosa: Gastarbajteri. U vrijeme kad je bilo objavljeno, 1982., bilo je aktualno temom, dan-danas još i više s obzirom na sve veći broj (ekonomskih) emigranata iz Hrvatske. Gastarbajteri sadrže 31 novelu u kojima Raos vješto i uvjerljivo portretira likove emigranata i iz Dalmatinske zagore u zemlje zapadne Europe i Amerike. O Raosovim Gastarbajterima pisali su malobrojni: Cvjetko Milanja, Ivan Božičević i Josip Pavičić u časopisu Republika te opširnije Ana Lederer u monografiji Ivan Raos što svakako predstavlja poticaj da se ovo djelo ponovno aktualizira i (p)ostane predmetom znanstvenog i čitalačkog interesa.The paper deals with a somewhat forgotten work of Ivan Raos: Gastarbajteri. When it was published in 1982, its topic was very relatable, and today it is even more so, given the ever-growing number of Croatian (economic) migrants. Gastarbajteri is made of 31 short stories in which Raos skillfully and convincingly portrays characters of migrants from the Dalmatian hinterland to the countries of western Europe and America. Very few have written about Raos’ Gastarbajteri: Cvjetko Milonja, Ivan Božičević and Josip Pavičić in the magazine Republika, and Ana Lederer has in a more extensive manner in her monography Ivan Raos, which surely represents an encouragement to re-actualize this art work, (re)making it an object of scientific and reader interest

The development of aesthetics after Croce

Filozofska promišljanja neoidealističkog usmjerenja Benedetta Crocea i Giovanni Gentila imala su u prvoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća vrlo snažan utjecaj ne samo na talijansku kulturu nego i na promišljanje estetičkih pitanja u Hrvatskoj. Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata u Italiji više ne postoji snažan utjecaj samo jednog filozofskog pravca, nego se talijanska estetika otvara prema pragmatizmu, fenomenologiji, egzistencijalizmu, personalizmu i hermeneutici, no rasprave hrvatske estetike s ostalim talijanskim autorima nisu nastavljene s jednakim intenzitetom. U obradi filozofske misli izabranih autora usmjerit ćemo se prema onim estetičkim pitanjima koja izviru iz različitih polemika suvremenih talijanskih estetičara s Croceovom estetikom, a pokušavaju dati adekvatan odgovor estetike na odnos suvremenog društva prema lijepom i umjetnosti.Philosophical neoidealistic reflection of Benedetto Croce´s and Giovanni Gentile´s thought during the first half of the twentieth century had an enormous effect not only on the Italian culture but on reflection of aesthetical questions in Croatia as well. After the Second World War Italy was no longer marked by a strong influence of a single philosophical movement and its aesthetical thought was opening up to pragmatism, phenomenology, existentialism, personalism and hermeneutics. In Croatia, on the other hand, aesthetical discussions with other Italian thinkerswere not continued with the same intensity. Our analysis, which deals with specific authors, will be directed towards those aesthetical questions which emerged from different polemics of the contemporary Italian aestheticians with Croce´s aesthetics and their attempt to give, from the aesthetical point of view, an adequate answer about the relation of the contemporary society towards the beautiful and the art.</p

Polyphenols of crude and refined rapeseed oil

Repičino ulje je bogato polifenolnim spojevima koji posjeduju antioksidacijska svojstva tako što hvataju slobodne radikale te usporavaju reakcije oksidacije. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati mogućnost izolacije čistih polifenolnih spojeva, kanolola i fenilindana, iz sirovoga i jestivoga repičinoga ulja kako bi se mogli naknadno koristit za istraživanje njihovih svojstava. Polifenolni spojevi izolirani su metanolom i naknadno pročišćeni tankoslojnom kromatografijom. Procesom izolacije je iz 240 g sirovoga repičinoga ulja izolirano 26,57 mg kanolola pri čemu iskorištenje procesa iznosi 52,55%. Za izolaciju fenilindana je korišteno 720 g sirovoga repičinoga ulja te je izolirano 6,43 mg navedenog spoja. Iskorištenje procesa izolacije fenilindana iznosi 56,15%. Čistoća proizvedenih ekstrakata je visoka te za ekstrakt sirovog repičinog ulja iznosi 97,7% dok za jestivo repičino ulje iznosi 88,6%. Na temelju dobivenih vrijednosti se može zaključiti da se sirovo repičino ulje može koristiti za izolaciju kanolola, a jestivo repičino ulje za izolaciju fenilindana.Rapeseed oil is rich in polyphenols, compounds with radical scavenging activity that can slow down oxidation reactions. The aim of this work was to determine a possibility of isolation of polyphenol compounds, canolol and phenylindane in crude and refined rapeseed oil. Methanol was used for extracion and thin-layer chromatography was used for purification. For isolation of canolol was used 240 g of crude rapeseed oil from which was isolated 26,57 mg of canolol. Process yield for canolol was 52,55%. For isolation of phenylindane was used 720 g of refined rapeseed oild from which was isolated 6,43 mg of phenylindane. Process yield for phenylindane was 56,15%. Purity of extracts was high; for crude rapeseed oil extract it was 97,7% and for refined rapeseed oil extract it was 88,6%. Based on the given data it can be concluded that crude rapeseed oil can be used for isolation of canolol and refined rapeseed oil can be used for isolation of phenylindane

University and Culture

U radu se kritički analizira Pareysonova koncepcija krize kulture i kulture slobode, kojom pokazuje da ova posljednja ima za cilj iskristalizirati ideju kulture koja bi mogla donijeti odgovor na svaku situaciju uzrokovanu krizom. Tijekom vrlo zahtjevnog vremena od 1941. do 1948. Luigi Pareyson objavljuje niz tekstova nadahnutih egzistencijalističkom i personalističkom filozofijom kulture kojima se intenzivno uključuje u kulturno-političku raspravu o reformi obrazovanja u Italiji. Pareyson u tim tekstovima problematiku sveučilišta ne odjeljuje od problema školskog sustava. Čista ideja školstva i sveučilišta je upravo ono što čuva od redukcionističke vizije osobe, a time i kulture. Niz ideja koje Pareyson donosi ulaze u projekt opće reforme edukacijskog sustava od kojih su neke i danas aktualne.The article offers critical analysis of Pareyson´s conception of the crisis of the culture and the culture of freedom, and tries to show that the culture of freedom has, as its goal, clarification of the idea of culture which might give an answer for any situation of crisis. During a very demanding period between 1941 and 1948, Luigi Pareyson published a number of papers inspired by existentialistic philosophy and personalistic philosophy of culture, which testify to his intensely active role in the cultural-political discussion concerning the reform of education in Italy. Pure idea of education and university safeguards from reductionist view of a person and culture. Number of ideas which Pareyson gives, enter into the project of a general reform of educational system and some of them are present to this day

THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KAJ PERIODICAL (1968 – 2010)

Cjelovita autorska i tematska bibliografija 43 godišta časopisa za književnost, umjetnost, kulturu KAJ – skupljena u više nego dvostrukom opsegu ovoga dvobroja – strukturnom razradom i brojnošću bibliografskih jedinica svjedoči, prije svega, o časopisnom i koncepcijskom kontinuitetu te raznolikosti našega Kaja. I to u skladu sa zemljopisnom raznolikošću i opsežnošću hrvatske kajkavske govorne podloge - odzrcaljujući stanje duha i jezika u povijesti i suvremenosti! Ova bibliografija čini cjelinu s tematskim brojem 3/2009. - svojevrsnom Kajevom kulturnom iskaznicom - u kojem su objavljeni radovi sa znanstvenoga kolokvija ČETRDESETLETNICA: Časopis Kaj u kontekstu nacionalne periodike i njegov 40-godišnji doprinos hrvatskoj znanosti i kulturi. Oba ta sveska, vjerujemo, nisu samo kronologija jednoga časopisa nego presjek velikog dijela hrvatske kulture, u kojoj je kajkavski kontekst njen višestoljetni integrativni temelj. Podsjetimo: Od 1968. godine – kad ga je kao (književno)povijesni projekt (i ostvarenje Krležine želje) pokrenuo književnik i filmski scenarist Stjepan Draganić – časopis Kaj bavi se cjelovitom jezičnom, umjetničkom i kulturno-povijesnom podlogom sveukupnoga hrvatskokajkavskoga govornoga područja kao temeljima nacionalne kulture i znanosti. Jezik materinski, kajkavski, trajnim je sadržajem i poticajem časopisa, i to kao: jezik izgrađene višestoljetne književne, znanstvene i ine tradicije; materinski jezik brojnih, bogatih i živih zavičajnih idioma više od milijun izvornih govornika; stvaralački jezik suvremene (postmoderne) kajkavske književnosti. Ugledni su književnopovijesni analitičari i bibliografi u samom početka Kaja - još kao časopisa za kulturu i prosvjetu - izlučili tematske krugove starije i novije kajkavske književnosti (uz onaj povijesnoumjetnički) kao temelje njegova uređivačkoga koncepta. Razdoblje reafirmacije hrvatskokajkavske književnosti, pogotovo pokreta suvremenoga kajkavskoga pjesništva, poklapa se upravo s razdobljem pokretanja Kaja – 118 godina po prestanku izlaženja Danice zagrebečke. Kaj je znanstvenog i publicističkog tipa, dvomjesečnik (6 brojeva godišnje, u 4 sveska), s 20-ak uglednih znanstvenika i umjetnika – suradnika u svakom broju. Uređuje se i prema zahtjevima za primarne znanstvene publikacije. Od 1975. nakladnik je časopisu KAJKAVSKO SPRAVIŠČE, društvo za širenje i unapređivanje znanosti i umjetnosti (predsjednik: akademik Miroslav Šicel). Njegov časopisni profil (uvjetno) oprimjeruju nazivi rubrika – prema kojima je i usustavljena bibliografska građa: u 14 cjelina i 4 tematske podskupine. Kajevu bibliografiju čine 3742 jedinice. Marija Roščić, prof., voditeljica Galerije Kaj, glavna tajnica Kajkavskoga spravišča i prevoditeljica - izuzetnim poznavanjem Kajeva časopisnog korpusa - priredila je njegovu cjelokupnu bibliografiju (iz 307 brojeva /215 svezaka) - poprativši je napomenama, podacima, pregledom dosadašnjih bibliografija i instruktivnom tablicom svih godišta (uz bitne im tematske naglaske)!KAJ, the periodical for literature, arts and culture is aimed at the whole Kajkavian-speaking region (one of the three language systems) in the Republic of Croatia. Since 1968 when it was started as a periodical for culture and education by Stjepan Draganić, respectable literature/history analysts and bibliographers singled out in KAJ thematic cycles of older and newer Kajkavian literature (along with the historical and artistic), as the foundation for its editing concept. Most of the texts – written by eminent authors who belong to the circle of Croatian science, culture and arts – are scientifically categorized in each volume. KAJ has the international ISSN number for serial publications 0453-1116 and UDK number 821.163.42:008:7. It is a bi-monthly edition and the average number of publications per year is 6 issues (in 4 volumes).. The titles of its regular columns are the best and briefest description of the periodical\u27s profile as to form and content (both in the thematics areas of the Kaj Periodical\u27s Bibliography in this volume): 1. Contemporary Croatian /Kajkavian literature; Travel-record genre; Spiritual landscapes; 2. From the older Croatian /Kajkavian (literary) heritage; 3. Kajkavian language; Literary and language correlations; Linguistic; 4. New Kajkavian translations; 5. History of Art / Arhitectural heritage; Garden architecture; 6. Zagreb themes; 7. Historical themes; The nobility and clergy in Croatian history and culture; Kajkavian-speaking Croatians – emigrants; 8. Folklore, customs /Ethnology, etnography; 9. Music themes; 10. Fine arts topics; 11. Kaj & ča (Kajkavian and cakavian based arts and science today); 12. People, places; 13. Standpoints; Reviews, surveys, accounts; 14. (Kajkaviana) chronicle... The publisher of periodical KAJ is a non-government, non-profit organization consisting of esteemed scientists, artists and cultural heritage patrons – KAJKAVSKO SPRAVIŠČE (Kajkavian „Parliament“) - society for promotion of science and arts. Its President is the academician Miroslav Šicel, the most esteemed living Croatian literature historian. Besides regular editions of the KAJ periodical, KAJKAVSKO SPRAVIŠČE also publishes separate editions, as well as special editions joined in several collections. Many of these editions fall into the category of monographs and anthologies. The culturological meaning and estimate of the periodical: From the very beginning in 1968 KAJ has been dealing (both in a scientific and popular manner) with the many-layered cultural and historical environment, the semantic field of its name: the interrogative-relative pronoun kaj (what). The Kajkavian mother tongue has therefore become the basic motive and content of the periodical: whether as the language of a many-century literary tradition, or as a dialect / the homeland idiom for more than a million native speakers, or as the creative language for modern Croatian literature, especially poetry. The role of KAJ is to evidence on the continuity of Kajkavian literature – mirroring the state of the spirit, literature and language of our contemporary being. The period of Croatian/Kajkavian literature reestablishment of values/restoration, especially the contemporary Kajkavian poetry movement – coincides exactly with the time when periodical KAJ was established Alongside with the language and literature, as well as linguistic /dialectal, literary /historical and literary and theoretical writings, KAJ has been especially important with its papers within the historical /art thematic circle: with papers on the sacral construction heritage, architectural /town-planning descriptions of castles and manors, traditional construction heritage and historical and artistic places of Zagreb, famous in history. To put it shortly: unexplored or less known facts from the history and contemporary life of the Kajkavian speaking region covered by the KAJ periodical are in many of its segments not only important for the regional (local) significance, but are of lasting value for the identity of ethnic Croatian culture