Bioregulator application, agronomic efficiency, and quality of soybean seeds

The application of vegetal bioregulators has shown promising results, mainly in cultures that have already reached a high level of technology. Based on this context an experiment was carried out with the objective of evaluating agronomic traits of plants, such as yield and quality of seeds, produced by applying bioregulators to a soybean crop. For this purpose, the following treatments were carried out: before sowing - seed treatment (25, 50 and 75 mL for 100 kg-1 seeds); during sowing time - spraying on the sowing lines (pulverization onto the sowing lines) (50, 100 and 150 mL ha-1); between stages V5 and V6 (25, 50 and 75 mL ha-1); and the control - no treatment. Emergence speed, final seedling emergence, number of pods and seeds per plant, average height of plants, first pod insertion height, duration of the cycle, final stand, degree of plant layering, and the yield and weight of one thousand seeds were evaluated. The quality of seeds was evaluated based on germination, classification of seedling vigor, tetrazolium, health test and the quantity of oil and protein tests. The highest yield of grains, an increase of 92% as compared to the control, was obtained when using the product at a dose of 75 mL ha-1. The best quality seeds and the highest oil and protein content were obtained from seeds produced by plants whose seeds were treated before sowing time using the bioregulator (75 mL for 100 kg-1 seeds).A aplicação de bioreguladores vegetais tem apresentado resultados promissores, principalmente nas culturas que atingiram nível elevado de tecnologia. Com base nesse contexto, instalou-se um experimento, com objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agronômico das plantas, a produtividade e a qualidade das sementes produzidas com aplicação de biorregulador na cultura da soja. Para tal, realizaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: antes da semeadura, tratamento de sementes (25; 50 e 75 mL para 100 kg-1 de sementes); na semeadura, pulverização dirigida no sulco de plantio (50; 100 e 150 mL ha-1); entre os estádios V5 e V6, pulverização foliar (25; 50 e 75 mL ha-1) mais a testemunha sem tratamento. Avaliou-se a velocidade de emergência, emergência final das plântulas, número de vagens e de sementes por planta, altura média das plantas, altura de inserção das primeiras vagens, duração do ciclo, estande final, grau de acamamento das plantas, produtividade e massa de mil sementes; a qualidade das sementes por meio dos testes de germinação, classificação do vigor das plântulas, tetrazólio e sanidade. Foram avaliados, ainda, os teores de óleo e de proteínas nas sementes. A maior produtividade de sementes foi obtida com a aplicação foliar do produto na dose de 75 mL ha-1 com incremento superior a 92% em relação à testemunha. A melhor qualidade de sementes e os maiores teores de óleo e proteínas foram obtidos nas sementes oriundas de plantas que tiveram suas sementes tratadas antes da semeadura com 75 mL 100 kg-1 do bioregulador

Épocas de semeadura e qualidade de sementes de soja

Considering the difficulties of producing high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds during the traditional cropping period in some areas of the State of Paraná, Brazil, a research project was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of sowing dates on the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds, during the 1998/99 and 1999/00 cropping seasons, in Maringá, PR, Brazil. The experiment consisted of five cultivar competition assays, arranged in a completely randomized block design, with each assay sown at different dates (10/15, 10/30, 11/15, 11/30 and 12/15) for each cropping season. The evaluated cultivars were BRS 132 (early), BRS 133 (semi-early), BR 16 (semi-early), BRS 134 (intermediate) and FT- Estrela (late). Seeds obtained at the sowing dates were evaluated in the laboratory by germination, accelerated aging, and health tests. Sowing in November resulted in seeds with superior physiological and health quality. Cultivar BRS 133 showed the greatest stability in seed production with better quality for the different sowing dates. Cultivars BRS 134 and BRS 133, which were sown during the period from 10/15 to 11/30, produced seeds that had higher percentages of normal seedlings in the germination and accelerated aging tests. Advancing or delaying sowing dates had adverse effects on soybean seed production with regard to their sanitary quality.Considerando as dificuldades encontradas na produção de sementes de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] com alta qualidade, na época de cultivo tradicional, em algumas regiões do Estado do Paraná, foi realizado um trabalho com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da época de semeadura na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes de cinco cultivares de soja, em dois anos agrícolas 1998/99 e 1999/00, na região de Maringá - PR. O experimento foi constituído de cinco ensaios de competição de cultivares com delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, semeando-se um ensaio em cada época de semeadura (15/10, 30/10, 15/11, 30/11 e 15/12) e anos agrícolas. Os cultivares avaliados foram: BRS 132 (precoce), BRS 133 (semiprecoce), BR 16 (semiprecoce), BRS 134 (médio) e FT- Estrela (tardio). Em laboratório, a qualidade das sementes provenientes das épocas de semeadura foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado (41ºC por 48 horas) e sanidade (método do papel-filtro). A semeadura realizada em novembro foi mais favorável à obtenção de sementes de melhor qualidade fisiológica e sanitária. O cultivar BRS 133 apresentou maior estabilidade na produção de sementes de melhor qualidade nas diferentes épocas de semeadura avaliadas. Os cultivares BRS 134 e BRS 133, que foram semeados de 15/10 a 30/11, produziram sementes que apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de plântulas normais nos testes de germinação e de envelhecimento acelerado. Tanto a antecipação quanto o retardamento da época de semeadura foram desfavoráveis à produção de sementes de soja com relação à qualidade sanitária

Lewis X antigen mediates adhesion of human breast carcinoma cells to activated endothelium. Possible involvement of the endothelial scavenger receptor C-Type lectin

Lewis x (Lex, CD15), also known as SSEA-1 (stage specific embryonic antigen-1), is a trisaccharide with the structure Galβ(1–4)Fucα(1–3)GlcNAc, which is expressed on glycoconjugates in human polymorphonuclear granulocytes and various tumors such as colon and breast carcinoma. We have investigated the role of Lex in the adhesion of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and PMN to human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and the effects of two different anti-Lex mAbs (FC-2.15 and MCS-1) on this adhesion. We also analyzed the cytolysis of Lex+-cells induced by anti-Lex mAbs and complement when cells were adhered to the endothelium, and the effect of these antibodies on HUVEC. The results indicate that MCF-7 cells can bind to HUVEC, and that MCS-1 but not FC-2.15 mAb inhibit this interaction. Both mAbs can efficiently lyse MCF-7 cells bound to HUVEC in the presence of complement without damaging endothelial cells. We also found a Lex-dependent PMN interaction with HUVEC. Although both anti-Lex mAbs lysed PMN in suspension and adhered to HUVEC, PMN aggregation was only induced by mAb FC-2.15. Blotting studies revealed that the endothelial scavenger receptor C-type lectin (SRCL), which binds Lex-trisaccharide, interacts with specific glycoproteins of Mr␣∼␣28 kD and 10 kD from MCF-7 cells. The interaction between Lex+-cancer cells and vascular endothelium is a potential target for cancer treatment.Fil: Elola, Maria Teresa. Fundación Instituto Leloir; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Capurro, Mariana Isabel. University of Toronto; CanadáFil: Barrio, Maria Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Investigación, Docencia y Prevención del Cáncer; ArgentinaFil: Coombs, Peter J.. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Taylor, Maureen E.. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Drickamer, Kurt. Imperial College London; Reino UnidoFil: Mordoh, Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación para la Investigación, Docencia y Prevención del Cáncer; Argentin

QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E SANITÁRIA DAS SEMENTES SOB SEMEADURA ANTECIPADA DA SOJA

An early soybean sowing, especially early maturing varieties is a practice that has been adopted by many growers in the state of Paraná in order to anticipate the harvest of the crop and enhance the fall corn. For this reason, experiments of corn cultivar competition trials were carried out at COODETEC in the county of Palotina, Paraná State, to evaluate the influence of the early sowing on the quality of soybean seeds produced.  A randomized block design, during two harvests (2003/2004 and 2004/2005); three early maturing varieties (CD 202, CD 215 and CD 216); and five sowing dates (09/15, 09/30, 10/15, 10/30 and 11/15) were utilized. The physiological trait of soybean seeds was evaluated by the germination test (first and final count); and tetrazolium (vigor and viability) tests. The blotter test was used to evaluate sanitary quality of the seeds. The data were submitted to variance analysis between groups along with all necessary adjustments. The results showed that the sowing dates 30/10, was favorable for the production of seeds with better quality.A semeadura antecipada da soja, particularmente com cultivares precoces, é prática que vem sendo adotada por muitos produtores paranaenses com o intuito de antecipar a colheita da cultura e viabilizar o cultivo de milho safrinha. Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da antecipação da semeadura na qualidade fisiológica e sanitária das sementes de soja, foram instalados ensaios de competição de cultivares na unidade da COODETEC, em Palotina, PR. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, conduzido em duas safras (2003/2004 e 2004/2005), com três cultivares precoces (CD 202, CD 215 e CD 216), semeadas em cinco épocas (15/09, 30/09, 15/10, 30/10 e 15/11). A qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja foi avaliada por meio dos testes de germinação (primeira contagem e contagem final) e de tetrazólio (vigor e viabilidade). O “blotter test” foi aplicado para caracterizar a sanidade das sementes. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância conjunta e realizados os desdobramentos das interações quando necessários. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a semeadura em 30/10 foi favorável à obtenção de sementes com melhor qualidade

Blockade of Fatty Acid Synthase Triggers Significant Apoptosis in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Fatty acid synthase (FASN), a key player in the de novo synthetic pathway of long-chain fatty acids, has been shown to contribute to the tumorigenesis in various types of solid tumors. We here report that FASN is highly and consistently expressed in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an aggressive form of B-cell lymphoid malignancy. Specifically, the expression of FASN was detectable in all four MCL cell lines and 15 tumors examined. In contrast, benign lymphoid tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors were negative. Treatment of MCL cell lines with orlistat, a FASN inhibitor, resulted in significant apoptosis. Knockdown of FASN expression using siRNA, which also significantly decreased the growth of MCL cells, led to a dramatic decrease in the cyclin D1 level. β-catenin, which has been previously reported to be upregulated in a subset of MCL tumors, contributed to the high level of FASN in MCL cells, Interesting, siRNA knock-down of FASN in turn down-regulated β-catenin. In conclusion, our data supports the concept that FASN contributes to the pathogenesis of MCL, by collaborating with β-catenin. In view of its high and consistent expression in MCL, FASN inhibitors may hold promises for treating MCL

APLICAÇÃO DE BIORREGULADOR NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO ALGODOEIRO E QUALIDADE DE FIBRA

The objective of the work was to evaluate the yield components of the cotton culture and the quality of fiber of the cotton plant, in response to the use of a bioregulator, through treatment of seeds and application to foliate. The treatments were composed by two application forms, treatment of seeds and pulverization to foliate, in different stadiums phenologicals of the culture (V3 e B1), with the biorregulador de promotive action (0.9 g dm-3 cinetin; 0.5 g dm-3 giberellic acid; and 0.5 g dm-3 indolbutiric acid), in different doses (0, 100, 150 and 200 cm3 100 kg-1 of seeds and 0, 25, 37.5 and 50 cm3 ha-1, to foliate). The cotton productivity, fiber yield, mass of the cotton boll and fiber quality. Were evaluated all the forms of application of bioregulator increased the productivity significantly, the fiber yield, mass of the cotton boll and uniformity of the fibers and were not phytotoxic to the plants.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade, componentes de produção da cultura do algodão e a qualidade de fibra do algodoeiro, cultivar de algodão CD 401, em resposta ao uso de biorregulador, via tratamento de sementes e aplicação foliar. Os tratamentos foram compostos por duas formas de aplicação, via tratamento de sementes e via pulverização foliar, em diferentes estádios fenológicos da cultura (V3 e B1), com biorregulador de ação promotora (0,9 g dm-3 de cinetina; 0,5 g dm-3 de ácido giberélico; e 0,5g dm-3 de ácido indol-butírico), em diferentes doses (0, 100, 150 e 200 cm3 100 kg-1 de sementes e 0, 25, 37,5 e 50 cm3 ha-1, foliar). Foram avaliados, no ano agrícola de 2005/06, a fitotoxicidade, a produtividade de algodão, rendimento de fibra, massa média do capulho e qualidade de fibra. Todas as formas de aplicação do biorregulador aumentaram significativamente a produtividade, o rendimento de fibra, a massa média do capulho e a uniformidade das fibras e não foram fitotóxicas as plantas

Physiological quality, content and activity of antioxidants in soybean seeds artificially aged.

ABSTRACT - The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological quality, content, and activity of antioxidants, in soybean seeds subjected to accelerated aging during different periods. Seeds of cultivars BRS 258, BRS 262 and BRS 268, subjected to accelerated aging during 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours and non-aged seeds were used. After each aging period, the seed were evaluated by tests of: germination; first count and tetrazolium. The total of phenolic compounds, total flavonoides, total of isoflavones, and activity for eliminating ABTS°+ radicals were quantified. There were differences among cultivars according to vigor and viability only after seeds were aged. Cultivars BRS 158 and BRS 268 have shown better seed physiological quality in each aging period; however, not presenting higher amounts of isoflavones and efficiency in removing free radicals. For all cultivars, the values for total of phenolic compounds, as well as total of flavonoids have shown quadratic positive behavior; the values for isoflavones remained constant and the vigor and viability showed contrary trend to activity of antioxidant agents. RESUMO: Qualidade fisiológica, conteúdo e atividade de antioxidantes presentes em sementes de soja envelhecidas artificialmente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica, o conteúdo e a atividade de agentes antioxidantes presentes em sementes de soja envelhecidas durante diferentes períodos. Foram utilizadas sementes das cultivares BRS 258, BRS 262 e BRS 268, envelhecidas durante 12, 24, 36 e 48 h e sementes não envelhecidas. Após cada período de envelhecimento, as sementes foram avaliadas pelo testes de: germinação; primeira contagem e tetrazólio. Foram quantificados: compostos fenólicos totais; flavonóides totais; total de isoflavonas e atividade eliminadora do radical ABTS°+. Houve diferença entre as cultivares em relação ao vigor e viabilidade somente quando foram envelhecidas. BRS 158 e BRS 268 apresentaram melhor qualidade fisiológica de sementes em cada período de envelhecimento, porém, não apresentaram maior quantidade de isoflavonas e eficiência no sequestro dos radicais livres. Para todas as cultivares, os valores de compostos fenólicos totais, assim como os flavonóides totais, apresentaram comportamento quadrático positivo; os valores das isoflavonas permaneceram constantes e o vigor e a viabilidade apresentaram tendência contrária à atividade dos agentes antioxidantes