Diagnóstico in vivo de la Trichinellosis en cerdos en un contexto de industrialización de productos y derivados con denominación de origen

La trichinellosis porcina en la provincia de Buenos Aires es un importante problema de salud pública que genera grandes pérdidas económicas. El inmunodiagnóstico a gran escala permitirá mejorar su prevención y control. El objetivo fue desarrollar y establecer, en nuestro laboratorio, la metodología de producción de Antígeno de Excreción/Secreción (E/S) de Trichinella spiralis, y validar su utilización para inmunodiagnóstico por ELISA en cerdos. Se realizaron cultivos in vitro de larvas musculares de T. spiralis, recuperadas de tejido muscular de ratones mediante digestión enzimática (DE). El producto del cultivo fue concentrado por filtración y sometido a prueba de calidad y cuantificación conservándose a -20ºC. Para la validación, se utilizaron 91 muestras de suero y de tejido muscular diafragmático de cerdos asociado a un foco en 2016. Cada tejido se procesó individualmente por DE (Gold standard) determinando las larvas por gramo (lpg). Se utilizaron 10 sueros negativos para determinar el punto de corte de los sueros analizados mediante ELISA. Por DE se determinaron 12/91 muestras positivas cuyas infecciones variaron de 0,05 a 62,5 lpg. Por ELISA se determinaron 13/91 muestras positivas estableciéndose 2 falsos positivos y un falso negativo. La sensibilidad y especificidad del ELISA fue de 91,7 % y 98,1%, respectivamente. La confiabilidad de la técnica ELISA desarrollada en base al antígeno de E/S es la adecuada para emplearse como herramienta de diagnóstico in vivo de la trichinellosis en cerdos

Health Education by Nurses: Self-Care of Patients with Chemotherapy from a Specialized Cancer Institute in Lima-Peru

Objective: To determine self-care in patients with chemotherapy in a pre-post educational intervention test performed by nurses from a specialized oncology institute. Methodology: Quantitative, quasi-experimental, longitudinal. Population of 90 patients with chemotherapy treatment, who were given 3 educational sessions with a pre and post test evaluation; in addition, a questionnaire with 4 dimensions was applied: nutrition, hygiene, infection prevention and avoidance of complications, with 20 items, a Likert scale validated by experts and a reliability of 0.8. Results: In the pre-test, self-care levels were 60% low, 22.2% high and 17.8% medium. In the post-test, self-care levels were 96.7% high and 3.3% medium. In relation to the dimensions of self-care in the pre-test, levels were found to be in Food: 52.2% low and 26.7% high; Hygiene: 42.2% low and 17.8% high; Infection prevention: 36% high and 30% low; and avoidance of complications: 55.6% low and 8.9% high. Finally, in the post-test, levels of: Feeding 94.4% high and 5.6% medium; Prevention of infections: 91.1% high and 8.9% medium. Dimensions: Hygiene and avoidance of complications, obtained 100% high level. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that nurses who promote education on self-care and incorporate the delivery of educational materials, increase knowledge and practices of self-care in their daily lives, which favor the welfare and ensure a quality of life in the patient

Persistence of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in natural decaying mice

The influence of natural weather conditions on the viability and reproductive capability of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in mouse corpses exposed to summer and winter conditions in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, was studied. For this purpose, a total of 49 mouse corpses harbouring muscle larvae of T. spiralis were exposed for a period of 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks in each of the seasons. Control corpses maintained at 8°C were also included. In summer, T. spiralis muscle larvae were recovered from corpses exposed up to 1 week only. The viability of these larvae was 54.2%, and the reproductive capability index in mice (RCI) was 13.1 and significantly lower than the control (p∈<∈0.0005). Morphologic deterioration and reduction in the glycogen content of cysts and larvae were observed at the second week of exposition. By week 4, larval stages of Dermestes maculatus were observed inside corpses, and 22 live muscle larvae of T. spiralis were obtained by artificial digestion of their bodies. In winter, T. spiralis muscle larvae were always recovered, the viability being almost 100% except for a significant reduction by week 6 of exposition (p∈<∈0.0001). For this season, the RCI were 50.5, 46.9, 59.7 and 45.2 for the periods of 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of exposition, respectively. The morphology of cysts and larvae did not show alterations, and no variations were observed as well in glycogen reserves during the 6-week period of exposition. RCI of non-exposed muscle larvae were always significantly higher that any of those recorded from muscle larvae that belonged to exposed corpses (p∈=∈0.0005). The present results demonstrate that muscle larvae of T. spiralis are able to survive in nature and keep infective for a 1-week period in summer and at least for 6 weeks in winter, becoming an important source of infection for scavengers. In summer, larvae stages of D. maculatus, and probably other insects, may play an important role in the survival and transmission of T. spiralis in the sylvatic cycle.Fil: Riva, Eliana. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Steffan, Pedro. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Guzmán, Maricel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Fiel, Cesar Alberto. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; Argentin

Supervivencia y capacidad infectiva de larvas criopreservadas de nematodes trichostrongylideos

La criopreservación de larvas infectantes (L3) ha permitido mantener nematodes gastrointestinales en laboratorio por prolongados periodos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la tasa de supervivencia y la capacidad infectiva post-descongelado de L3 de nematodes gastrointestinales. Para ello se utilizaron L3 denominadas Ayacucho y Balcarce, que fueron desenvainadas y posteriormente congeladas en nitrógeno líquido. Transcurrido un período de 3 y 7 meses, las larvas fueron descongeladas calculándose la tasa de supervivencia (%) considerando la movilidad como vital. La capacidad infectiva se determinó mediante la excreción de huevos en materia fecal de ovinos infectados con L3 criopreservadas. La supervivencia post-descongelado fue 31-70% a los 3 meses y 68-72% a los 7 meses. Los animales comenzaron a eliminar huevos a los 21 días post-inoculación, independientemente del tiempo de congelado y del origen de las larvas. Se destaca la contribución significativa a la investigación en parasitología veterinaria de la técnica de criopreservación.Cryopreservation of gastrointestinal nematode infective larvae (L3) has been used to preserver gastrointestinal nematodes in laboratory for a long time. The aim of this study was to establish the survival and infective capability of infective larvae after cryopreservation. A total of 2 isolates named as Ayacucho and Balcarce were used and L3 were exsheathed and thereafter, frozen in liquid nitrogen. Rate of survival (%) was estimated taking into account larval motility after thawing as discriminate factor for live/dead at 3 and 7 months from freezing. Six lambs were infected orally with L3 previously cryopreserved. The nematode infection was monitored through egg excretion in faeces. The rate of survival was 31-70% at 3 months and 68-72% at 7 months of freezing. Nematode eggs in faeces samples were detected at 3 weeks after infection being recorded no differences among isolates and/or freezing period of time. Advantages of the cryopreservation in nematodes research are emphasizing

Vision-related quality of life and symptom perception change over time in newly-diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma patients.

To evaluate the change over time of vision-related quality of life (QoL) and glaucoma symptoms in a population of newly-diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Multicenter, prospective study. Consecutive newly-diagnosed POAG patients were enrolled and followed-up for one year. Follow-up visits were scheduled at 6 and 12 months from baseline. At each visit, vision-related QoL and glaucoma-related symptoms were assessed by the means of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and the Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS), respectively. Trends over time for NEI-VFQ-25 and GSS scores were evaluated with longitudinal linear mixed models. One-hundred seventy-eight patients were included in the analysis. At baseline, early to moderate glaucoma stages were associated with higher scores for most GSS and NEI-VFQ-25 items, while lower best-corrected visual acuity was associated with lower scores for 4 of the 12 NEI-VFQ-25 items. During the follow-up, all the GSS scores, the NEI-VFQ-25 total score, and 7 of the 12 NEI-VFQ-25 scores significantly improved (p &lt; 0.05). In multivariate model, higher increases of most GSS and NEI-VFQ-25 scores were modeled in patients with low scores at baseline. Vision-related QoL and glaucoma-related symptom perception significantly improved during the one-year follow-up in this population of newly diagnosed POAG patients

Visual field loss and vision-related quality of life in the Italian Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Study.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between visual field (VF) loss, vision-related quality of life (QoL) and glaucoma-related symptoms in a large cohort of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. POAG patients with or without VF defects or "glaucoma suspect" patients were considered eligible. QoL was assessed using the validated versions of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and glaucoma-related symptoms were assessed using the Glaucoma Symptom Scale (GSS). Patients were classified as having VF damage in one eye (VFD-1), both eyes (VFD-2), or neither eye (VFD-0). 3227 patients were enrolled and 2940 were eligible for the analysis. 13.4% of patients were classified in the VFD-0, 23.7% in the VFD-1, and 62.9% in the VFD-2 group. GSS visual symptoms domain (Func-4) and GSS non-visual symptoms domain (Symp-6) scores were similar for the VFD-0 and VFD-1 groups (p = 0.133 and p = 0.834 for Func-4 and Symp-6, respectively). VFD-0 group had higher scores than VFD-2 both in Func-4 (p &lt; 0.001) and Symp-6 domains (p = 0.035). Regarding the NEI-VFQ-25, our data demonstrated that bilateral VF defects are associated with vision-related QoL deterioration, irrespective of visual acuity

Estrategias educativas para la prevención de la triquinosis en una comunidad rural

La triquinosis es endémica en Argentina con más de 300 casos humanos por año. La provincia de Buenos Aires es de las más afectadas con 244 focos y 75 brotes (período 2011 -2015). Para revertir esta casuística es fundamental la información sobre las formas de prevención, principalmente en las comunidades rurales y dirigidas a niños del ámbito escolar. El objetivo del proyecto fue promover acciones para la prevención de la triquinosis en una comunidad rural. El equipo responsable fue interdisciplinario (profesionales, docentes y estudiantes universitarios). Los destinatarios directos fueron niños de nivel primario de una escuela rural y sus docentes. La información se ofreció en distintos formatos (talleres lúdicos, charla-taller con equipo de microscopía, exposiciones y jornadas abiertas). Se elaboró material audiovisual utilizando lenguaje del nivel apropiado (presentaciones en PowerPoint, posters, láminas y un spot de concientización). El aprendizaje de los niños se evaluó mediante una entrevista audiovisual previa y posterior a la intervención. Se realizó un registro fotográfico y un video final. El taller lúdico, realizado durante la colonia de vacaciones, generó un primer acercamiento activo de los niños con el conocimiento de esta zoonosis. Al inicio del ciclo lectivo se capacitaron en la temática dos docentes de la escuela. La charla-taller fue participativa, observándose el interés de los niños en contar sus vivencias y en la observación de las formas parásitas en microscopio. En los niños entrevistados se registró la incorporación de los conocimientos provistos. El spot de concientización, donde una niña transmite a su madre algunos datos informativos sobre la triquinosis y su contagio, se construyó para lograr una identificación de los niños de la escuela con la niña del spot, y de los adultos con su madre. En la jornada final, participaron todos los niños de la escuela, familias y comunidad. La proyección del video final y el spot de concientización, creó un nuevo espacio de debate. A partir del trabajo con los niños se generó un efecto multiplicador tanto hacia sus pares como hacia sus familias y comunidad participante. Se ubicó a la escuela como espacio ideal para la generación de cambios futuros respecto a la prevención de la triquinosis, zoonosis que ha afectado particularmente a la localidad objetivo del proyecto. El proyecto es replicable a otras áreas rurales

A comparison between two in vitro techniques to detect resistance to ivermectin in field populations of Cooperia spp. in cattle

Anthelmintic resistance in beef cattle production is a well-known worldwide problem, contributing to the economic losses caused by gastrointestinal nematodes. Resistance to ivermectin (IVM) is present in 93.5% of farms in Argentina, Cooperia spp. being the most prevalent genus (100%). Diagnosing AR under field conditions is currently done using the faecal egg count reduction test, which has been long used but lacks sensitivity to detect resistance in its early stages. In trying to improve this, in vitro techniques have been developed for different compounds and different parasites, and tested mainly in sheep parasites. As part of a large study on IVM-resistant populations of Cooperia spp. in beef farms, this assay was designed to evaluate two in vitro techniques, the micro-agar larval development test (MALDT) and the larval migration inhibition test (LMIT), on proven resistant (R) and susceptible (S) field populations. Both populations had been previously characterised by controlled-efficacy tests, showing that the efficacy of ivermectin against R and Se Cooperia was 66.3% and 99.5%, respectively. For the MALDT, eggs of both Cooperia isolates were exposed to twelve anthelmintic concentrations, from 4.7x10⁻¹⁰M to 2.18x10⁻¹¹M. The obtained EC50 values were: 6.93x10-9M (95%CI: 6.37x10⁻⁹M to 7.49x10⁻⁹M) for the R population and 8.33x10-10M (95%CI: 7.86x10⁻¹⁰M to 8.8x10⁻¹⁰M) for the S one, with correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.92 y 0.93, respectively; the resistance factor (RF) was 8.31. For the LMIT, ensheathed L3 were exposed to eight concentrations, from 10⁻⁵M a 5x10⁻⁹M. The EC50 values were 6.33x10-8M (95%CI: 5.30x10-8M to 7.49x10-8M) for the R population, and 8.03x10-8M (95%CI: 5.49x10-8M ? 1,19x10-7M) for the S population, with R² of 0.87 y 0.52, respectively; and a RF of 0.79. Based on these preliminary results, the MALDT would be a useful in vitro technique to detect field populations of IVM-resistant Cooperia nematodes.Fil: Fuentes, Mariana Elisabet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Lloberas, Maria Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Luque, Sonia Elisabet. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Bernat, Gisele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Riva, Eliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Fiel, Cesar Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Alicia Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina28th Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary ParasitologyIrlandaUniversity College DublinTrinity College DublinQueen’s University Belfas

INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CORN SUBJECTED TO INCREASING NITROGEN DOSES

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals grown and consumed in the world not only for its economic value but also due to its importance in human and animal nutrition. This study aimed to assess the initial development of corn as a function of increasing nitrogen doses. The study was carried out in a greenhouse on the Sipal Farm, Confresa, MT, Brazil. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N dm−3 soil), with four replications, conducted from April to June 2020. Four seeds of the hybrid K 9606 VIP 3 were sown per 8-L polyethylene pot. The plants were thinned at 7 days after emergence (DAE), leaving only one plant per pot. Morphological components were assessed. A significant effect was found for almost all the analyzed parameters, except for stem diameter and root dry matter. The maximum plant height, shoot fresh matter, leaf area index, shoot dry matter, root fresh matter, and root volume was obtained by applying the maximum agronomic efficiency doses of 248.83, 271.90, 336.91, 279.66, 403.92, and 272.90 mg N dm−3 soil, respectively. Nitrogen doses influenced the initial development of the corn crop

Development and validation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the detection of antibodies against Trichinella spp. in domestic pigs in Argentina

Trichinellosis is endemic in Argentina, with human outbreaks having mainly domestic pigs as focalised sources of infection. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), based on excretory/secretory T. spiralis muscle larvae antigens (E/S ML) is the most recommended technique for epidemiological surveillance to detect anti-Trichinella antibodies in domestic pigs. Available international ELISA kits are expensive and need to be validated in each country. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of an in-house indirect ELISA based on E/S ML antigen. The artificial digestion (AD) was used as reference technique. A total of 343 swine serum samples were used to define sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and repeatability of the ELISA. Sera tested were from 91 outdoor pigs associated with local outbreaks, 12 of them diagnosed as positive by AD, and 242 serum samples from intensive-rearing farms with strict hygienic conditions and negative results by AD. Sera from 2 pigs experimentally infected with 10,000 T. spiralis ML (bled at five different days post infection) were also included. E/S ML antigen was diluted at 5 μg/ml in coating buffer, samples were diluted 1/100 in wash buffer and peroxidase conjugated rabbit anti-pig IgG was used at 1/2500 dilution (Sigma). Reaction was developed using ortho-phenylene-diamine diluted in a citric acid buffer 0.07% H2O2. After 15 minutes, reaction was stopped with H2SO4 2.5N. The cut-off point was calculated based on the OD values of 5 negative controls (NC) using the formula: Mean NC ± 3 SD. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 95.5% and 98.4%, respectively. The accuracy was 98.2%. The inter-assay repeatability (4 plates) calculated for 1 positive and 4 negative controls was under 20%. The performance of this ELISA suggests that it could be used as a reliable and practical tool for seroepidemiological studies in Argentina.Fil: Riva, Eliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Steffan, Pedro Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Amanto, Andres Fabian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Davila, Agustin. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Bernat, Gisele. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Alicia Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes, Mariana Elisabet. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Estein, Silvia Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina28th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary ParasitologyDublinReino UnidoUniversity College of Dubli