Profiling of Saharan dust from the Caribbean to western Africa - Part 1: Layering structures and optical properties from shipborne polarization/Raman lidar observations

We present final and quality-assured results of multiwavelength polarization/Raman lidar observations of the Saharan air layer (SAL) over the tropical Atlantic. Observations were performed aboard the German research vessel R/V Meteor during the 1-month transatlantic cruise from Guadeloupe to Cabo Verde over 4500 km from 61.5 to 20 degrees W at 14-15 degrees N in April-May 2013. First results of the ship-borne lidar measurements, conducted in the framework of SALTRACE (Saharan Aerosol Long-range Transport and Aerosol-Cloud Interaction Experiment), were reported by Kanitz et al. (2014). Here, we present four observational cases representing key stages of the SAL evolution between Africa and the Caribbean in detail in terms of layering structures and optical properties of the mixture of predominantly dust and aged smoke in the SAL. We discuss to what extent the lidar results confirm the validity of the SAL conceptual model which describes the dust long-range transport and removal processes over the tropical Atlantic. Our observations of a clean marine aerosol layer (MAL, layer from the surface to the SAL base) confirm the conceptual model and suggest that the removal of dust from the MAL, below the SAL, is very efficient. However, the removal of dust from the SAL assumed in the conceptual model to be caused by gravitational settling in combination with large-scale subsidence is weaker than expected. To explain the observed homogenous (height-independent) dust optical properties from the SAL base to the SAL top, from the African coast to the Caribbean, we have to assume that the particle sedimentation strength is reduced and dust vertical mixing and upward transport mechanisms must be active in the SAL. Based on lidar observations on 20 nights at different longitudes in May 2013, we found, on average, MAL and SAL layer mean values (at 532 nm) of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) of 17 +/- 5 sr (MAL) and 43 +/- 8 sr (SAL), of the particle linear depolarization ratio of 0.025 +/- 0 : 015 (MAL) and 0.19 +/- 0.09 (SAL), and of the particle extinction coefficient of 67 +/- 45Mm(-1) (MAL) and 68 +/- 37Mm(-1) (SAL). The 532 nm optical depth of the lofted SAL was found to be, on average, 0.15 +/- 0.13 during the ship cruise. The comparably low values of the SAL mean lidar ratio and depolarization ratio (compared to typical pure dust values of 50-60 sr and 0.3, respectively) in combination with backward trajectories indicate a smoke contribution to light extinction of the order of 20% during May 2013, at the end of the burning season in central-western Africa

Atividades circenses na Educação Física escolar: análise sistemática da produção bibliográfica (2016-2020)

BACKGROUND: Faced with the progressive increase of publications on the teaching of circus activities at school, review studies can help teachers and professionals in the search for knowledge-based evidence to help guide their interventions.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify how the teaching of Circus at school has been treated by scientific-pedagogical literature.METHODS: The study is of a qualitative nature designed as a systematic bibliographic survey. Therefore, searches were carried out in seven databases, two specialized journals and a social network. Thematic analysis was adopted to deal with the data. The documentary corpus consisted of 74 documents in 4 languages (47 articles, 3 theses, 8 dissertations, 4 books and 12 book chapters).RESULTS: The results denote an expanded concept of school, as well as the increase in publications on the teaching of circus activities, with emphasis on Early Childhood Education, few reported in previous studies. The speeches that seek to legitimize the circus instruction in school Physical Education are that of “body culture”; diversity of content; development of physical abilities, motor skills and interpersonal relationships and articulation with official documents. The most recurrent pedagogical challenges are the lack of specific materials, infrastructure and the discontinuity of teaching work. The results indicate a greater concern with safety and with the adaptation of materials, although this aspect may imply the maintenance of the lack of investments in this area. Also noteworthy is the lack of clarity in the evaluation process and the distance between the proposals and the artistic dimension of the Circus.CONCLUSION: The circus instruction at school is a reality in many Brazilian school units, however, there are still difficulties that keep it out of this context, therefore, it is necessary that the scientific community create other means of communication with the pedagogical communities.INTRODUÇÃO: Diante do aumento progressivo das publicações sobre o ensino das atividades circenses na escola, estudos de revisão podem ajudar professores e profissionais na busca por conhecimentos baseados em evidências que orientem suas intervenções. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é identificar como o ensino do Circo na escola vem sendo tratado pela literatura científico-pedagógica.MÉTODOS: O estudo é de natureza qualitativa delineado como levantamento bibliográfico sistemático. Para tanto, realizou-se buscas em sete bases de dados, duas revistas especializadas e uma rede social. Adotou-se a análise temática de conteúdo para tratar dos dados. O corpus documental foi composto por 74 documentos em 4 idiomas (47 artigos, 3 teses, 8 dissertações, 4 livros e 12 capítulos de livros).RESULTADOS: Os resultados denotam uma concepção ampliada de escola, bem como o aumento de publicações sobre o ensino das atividades circenses, com destaque para a Educação Infantil, pouco relatados em estudos anteriores. Os discursos que buscam legitimar o ensino do Circo na Educação Física escolar são o da cultura corporal; diversidade de conteúdo; desenvolvimento de capacidades físicas, habilidades motoras e relações interpessoais e o da articulação com documentos oficiais. Os desafios pedagógicos mais recorrentes são a falta de materiais específicos, de infraestrutura e a descontinuidade do trabalho docente. Os resultados indicam maior preocupação com a segurança e com a adaptação de materiais, embora esse último aspecto pareça implicar na recorrente falta de investimentos nesse âmbito. Destaca-se, ainda, a falta de clareza no processo avaliativo e o distanciamento entre as propostas e a dimensão artística do Circo. CONCLUSÃO: O ensino do Circo na escola já é uma realidade em muitas unidades escolares brasileiras, porém, ainda há dificuldades que o afasta desse contexto, sendo assim, se faz necessário que a comunidade científica crie outros meios de comunicação com as comunidades pedagógicas

Evaluation of the function and quality of life of patients submitted to girdlestone's resection arthroplasty

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate function and quality of life of patients submitted to Girdlestone's arthroplasty, and to compare outcomes between unilateral Girdlestone's group with the group with contralateral total hip prosthesis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study where 9 patients were evaluated with unilateral Girdlestone's and 3 with Girdlestone's in one hip and contralateral total hip prosthesis. The evaluation consisted in filling in a generic questionnaire on quality of life SF-36 and a specific questionnaire for hip function Harris Hip Score (HHS). The comparison between groups was made by using the Student's t-test and the Fisher's test. RESULTS: The patients of the unilateral Girdlestone's group presented a higher number of SF-36 domains classified as high, although 77.8% of these showed poor results on the HHS. All patients had a leg-length discrepancy and positive Trendelenburg's test, which led to limping gait in 11 of 12 patients evaluated. Of these, only 6 underwent physiotherapy after surgery. CONCLUSION: Girdlestone's postoperative quality of life and function in a Brazilian population still requires further studies, because these outcomes are indicative of study variables' behavior and cannot be regarded as definite.OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a função e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes pós-artroplastia de Girdlestone e comparar os resultados entre os grupos Girdlestone unilateral e o grupo com prótese total de quadril contralateral. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal no qual foram avaliados 9 pacientes com Girdlestone unilateral e 3 com Girdlestone em um quadril e prótese total no quadril contralateral. A avaliação constitui-se em aplicar o questionário genérico de qualidade de vida SF-36 e um questionário funcional específico para o quadril, Harris Hip Score (HHS). A comparação dos grupos foi realizada usando-se o teste t- Student e o teste de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes do grupo Girdlestone unilateral apresentaram maior quantidade de domínios do SF-36 classificados como elevados, embora 77,8% destes tenham obtido resultados ruins no HHS. Todos os pacientes apresentaram o teste de Trendelenburg positivo e discrepância de membros, o que levou à marcha claudicante em 11 dos 12 pacientes avaliados. Destes, apenas 6 submeteram-se a fisioterapia pós-operatória. CONCLUSÃO: A qualidade de vida e a função pós-operatória de Girdlestone, na população brasileira, ainda necessita ser mais pesquisada, pois estes resultados são indicações do comportamento das variáveis de estudo e não podem ser consideradas encerradas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP-EPM DOTUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, EPM DOTSciEL

Risk factors for revision after shoulder arthroplasty: 1,825 shoulder arthroplasties from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register

Background and purpose Previous studies on shoulder arthroplasty have usually described small patient populations, and few articles have addressed the survival of shoulder implants. We describe the results of shoulder replacement in the Norwegian population (of 4.7 million) during a 12-year period. Trends in the use of shoulder arthroplasty during the study period were also investigated

Minimally invasive and computer-navigated total hip arthroplasty: a qualitative and systematic review of the literature

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Both minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and computer-assisted surgery (CAS) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) have gained popularity in recent years. We conducted a qualitative and systematic review to assess the effectiveness of MIS, CAS and computer-assisted MIS for THA. METHODS: An extensive computerised literature search of PubMed, Medline, Embase and OVIDSP was conducted. Both randomised clinical trials and controlled clinical trials on the effectiveness of MIS, CAS and computer-assisted MIS for THA were included. Methodological quality was independently assessed by two reviewers. Effect estimates were calculated and a best-evidence synthesis was performed. RESULTS: Four high-quality and 14 medium-quality studies with MIS THA as study contrast, and three high-quality and four medium-quality studies with CAS THA as study contrast were included. No studies with computer-assisted MIS for THA as study contrast were identified. Strong evidence was found for a decrease in operative time and intraoperative blood loss for MIS THA, with no difference in complication rates and risk for acetabular outliers. Strong evidence exists that there is no difference in physical functioning, measured either by questionnaires or by gait analysis. Moderate evidence was found for a shorter length of hospital stay after MIS THA. Conflicting evidence was found for a positive effect of MIS THA on pain in the early postoperative period, but that effect diminished after three months postoperatively. Strong evidence was found for an increase in operative time for CAS THA, and limited evidence was found for a decrease in intraoperative blood loss. Furthermore, strong evidence was found for no difference in complication rates, as well as for a significantly lower risk for acetabular outliers. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that MIS THA is a safe surgical procedure, without increases in operative time, blood loss, operative complication rates and component malposition rates. However, the beneficial effect of MIS THA on functional recovery has to be proven. The results also indicate that CAS THA, though resulting in an increase in operative time, may have a positive effect on operative blood loss and operative complication rates. More importantly, the use of CAS results in better positioning of acetabular component of the prosthesis

Die Bewegung der Bevölkerung mehrerer europäischer Staaten.

Mode of access: Internet