Urinary tract infection in non-hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and no symptoms of urinary tract infection: a case series study

Bacterial infections are important factors in decompensation, and they increase the mortality rate of patients with liver cirrhosis. The most common infections among these patients are spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, pneumonia, skin infections and urinary tract infections (UTI). This transversal study evaluated the frequency of UTI in non-hospitalized patients with cirrhosis followed in a hepatology outpatient unit. Patients with clinical, laboratorial, echographic and/or histological diagnosis of cirrhosis were evaluated from April 2002 to August 2004. Patients who accepted participating in this study were submitted to clinical evaluation and the following laboratorial examinations: urine analysis, urine culture, blood culture and hepatic function tests. Patients with symptoms of UTI, diabetis, prostatic disease were excluded. Eighty-two patients with cirrhosis were studied. Their mean age was 51 years (SD = 11); 73% were male. Hepatitis C virus was the main etiology in 45% of the cases. The Child-Pugh B functional class was observed in 52% of the cases. Urine cultures were positive in 4.9% of these patients. In this study of non-hospitalized cirrhotic patients, with no symptoms of UTI, the frequency of urinary tract infection was approximately 5%. The bacteria found were E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. We conclude that it is necessary to screen for UTI in such patients

Correção do efeito ambiental em ensaios de famílias de soja, intercaladas com testemunhas, para predição de ganhos por seleção

Avaliou-se uma população F5 de soja, em Viçosa-MG, no ano agrícola 1997/98. O esquema experimental utilizado foi de famílias sem repetições, intercaladas com testemunhas, com repetições, possibilitando a estimação do componente ambiental associado à variância fenotípica da população em estudo e, conseqüentemente, os parâmetros genéticos. As avaliações de famílias e de indivíduos dentro de família permitiram decompor a variância genotípica e estimar a herdabilidade no sentido restrito. Com base nas repetições das testemunhas procedeu-se a correção do efeito ambiental. A correção do efeito ambiental favoreceu a seleção de famílias que originalmente apresentaram desempenho pouco inferior ao ponto de corte original, mas que foram desfavorecidas pelo ambiente, provocando assim alterações no grupo de famílias selecionadas através da simulação da mesma estratégia de seleção sobre os dados originais e corrigidos.One F5 soybean population was evaluated in Viçosa-MG, Brazil, during the 1997/98 growing season. The experimental design was of families without replications, inserted with controls, with replications, allowing the estimation of the environmental component associated to the phenotypic variance of the population under study, and consequently the genetic parameters. The evaluations at family and at individual within the family allowed to decompose the genotypic variance and to estimate the heritability on the narrow sense. The environmental effect correction was based on the replications of controls. The correction of the environment effect favored the selection of the families that originally showed performance a little inferior to the original selection truncation point, but were not favorable by the environmental, causing changes in the family groups selected through the simulation of the same selection strategies on the original and corrected data

Análise de adaptabilidade e estabilidade em soja (Glycine max L.) em Mato Grosso / Stability and adaptability analyses in soy (Glycine max L.) in Mato Grosso states

Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho, a estabilidade e a adaptabilidade de 17 genótipos de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], em seis ambientes no estado do Mato Grosso. O delineamento experimental foram blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Os ensaios foram conduzidos nos anos agrícolas de 2004/05 e 2005/06 nos municípios de Rondonópolis, Campo Verde e Vera. Para avaliação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade, utilizaram-se os métodos de Eberhart e Russell (1966), Lin e Binns (1988) modificado por Carneiro (1998), Annicchiarico (1992) e Centróide (ROCHA, et al., 2005). A produtividade média de grãos, em todos os ambientes, foi de 3080,1 kg ha-1. Pela metodologia proposta por Eberhart e Russell, as cultivares M-soy 8329, M-soy 8411, Conquista, FT - 109 e Tucunaré apresentaram coeficientes de regressão estatisticamente igual a 1 ( 1 â = 1) e desvio da regressão ( ) não significativos, ou seja, adaptabilidade geral e alta estabilidade. Pelas metodologias de Lin e Binns, Annicchiarico e Centróide, a linhagem BCR 03 142498 e as cultivares padrões M-soy 8329 e M-soy 8411 foram classificadas para amplas condições ambientais, ou seja, alta estabilidade. Com base nas metodologias de Lin e Binns (1988), Annicchiarico (1992) e Centróide (ROCHA, et al., 2005) foi recomendada a linhagem denominada BCR 03 142498, para amplas condições ambientes.AbstractThis work aimed at evaluating the performance, stability and adaptability of 17 soy genotypes [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in six environments in the state of Mato Grosso. The experiments were laid out in a complete randomized blocks scheme with three replicates. The tests were carried out in 2004/05 and 2005/06 agricultural years at the municipalities of Rondonópolis, Campo Verde and Vera. The stability and adaptability were evaluated through the methods proposed by Eberhart and Russel (1966), Lin and Binns (1988), and modified by Carneiro (1998), Annicchiarico (1992) and Centroid method (ROCHA et al., 2005). The mean grain productivity was 3080.1 kg ha-1 at all environments. In agreement with the methodology proposed by Eberhart and Russell (1966) the cultivars Msoy 8329, M-soy 8411, “Conquista”, FT-109 and “Tucunaré” presented regression coefficient statistically equal to one ( ) and non-significant deviation regression ( ), which is classified as general adaptability and high stability. By using the methodologies proposed by Lin and Binns, Annicchiarico and Centroid method the lines BCR 03 142498 and the standard cultivars M-soy 8329 and M-soy 8411 were classified to the wide environmental condition, which means, high stability. The line BCR 03 142498 was recommended according to the methodologies developed by Lin and Binns (1988), Annicchiarico (1992) and Centroid Method (ROCHA et al., 2005) to a wide range of environmental conditions

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos em populações F5 e F6 de soja

Avaliaram-se cinco populações de soja, três na geração F6 e duas na F5, em Viçosa- MG, no ano agrícola 1997/98, utilizando o esquema experimental de famílias sem repetições, intercaladas com progenitores, com repetições, possibilitando a estimação do componente ambiental associado a variância fenotípica das populações em estudo e, consequentemente, os parâmetros genéticos. As avaliações de famílias e de indivíduos dentro de família permitiram estimar os parâmetros genéticos, que servirão de guia para a seleção- A variância genética nestas gerações está predominantemente distribuida entre famílias, o que se refletiu na maior herdabilidade desta unidade de seleção. A produção de grãos e seus componentes primários foram os caracteres que, em geral, apresentaram as menores herdabilidades restritas e, ao mesmo tempo, maiores diferenças entre herdabilidades nos sentidos amplo e restrito. A distribuição da variância genética e as estimativas da herdabilidade indicaram que a seleção nestas gerações deve ser realizada primordialmente entre as famílias.Five soybean populations were evaluated, three in the F6 generation and two in the FS in Viçosa - MG, in the agricultural year 1997/98. The experimental design was of families without replications, inserted with progenitors with replications, allowing the estimation of the environmental component associated to the phenotypic variance of the populations under study, and consequently the genetic parameters. 'Ihe evaluations at family and at individual within the family allowed to estimate the genetic parameters that will be used as selection guide. The genetic variance at these generations is predominantly distributed among families, which resulted in the biggest heritability for this selection unity. The grain production and its primary components were the characters that in general showed the lowest narrow heritability and, at the same time, the biggest differences between heritabilities in a broad and narrow sense. The distribution of the genetic variance and the estimates of the heritability at these generations indicated that the selection should mainly be accomplished among the families