HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES AND EXPERIENCES OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT AND WELL-BEING AMONG FATHERS: THE ROLE OF IDENTITY AND GENDER ROLE BELIEFS

Dual earner families are on a rise and there has been an increase of men participating in household responsibilities. Gender roles ideologies and identity salience influence how the division of labor is distributed within a household and may relate to work-family conflict in fathers when participating more in household responsibilities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of household responsibilities on working fathers’ experiences of work-family conflict and well-being, and to consider potential moderating effects of gender role ideology and identity salience. Results supported a positive relationship between household responsibilities and perceived stress in working fathers. Further, gender role ideology moderated the relationship between household responsibilities and work-family conflict. Specifically, the relationship between household responsibilities and work-family conflict was stronger for working fathers with traditional gender role ideologies than those with egalitarian gender role ideologies. These results add to the growing evidence demonstrating the importance of studying the work family experiences of working fathers

Understanding Burnout Through the Lens of Teachers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study

Abstract As teachers make their way back to the classroom for the 2023–2024 school year, teacher burnout is manifesting itself mentally, physically, and emotionally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 epidemic a global pandemic, which forced unwanted change in many organizations, especially education (Pressley, 2021). In the state of emergency schools were forced to close and new teaching methods were erected abruptly. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation describes the professions of teaching as one of the most stressful occupations in the United States. Although stress is inevitable, the COVID-19 pandemic has created new stressors and demands that have negatively impacted teachers’ and caused rising rates in mental health, coping, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, attrition, and turnover (OzamizEtxebarria et al., 2021; Pressley, 2021). Three years after the pandemic entered the United States, chronic stress and burnout have continued to wreak havoc on the education system, forcing many teachers to leave the profession and add to the teacher shortage crisis today. The immense uncertainty of the pandemic has resulted in unmanageable work stress, and many teachers are choosing to leave the classroom. In the midst of uncertainty, teachers had to adjust to increased job responsibilities, little to no administrative support, and less resources. Required to accept alternative teaching environments, technology challenges, and emergent safety protocols, teachers have been forced to cope and overcome adversity. The reality of teaching has changed dramatically, especially from before the COVID-19 pandemic. For many the added stress has negatively impacted the physical and psychological health of teachers, which can lead to negative effects on the classroom environment (Hurley, 2021). In this qualitative, phenomenological study, the focus was to gain a better understanding of teacher burnout during vi the COVID-19 pandemic through the lived experiences of teachers and discover if coping and meaningful work were factors that influenced their experience. Keywords: stress, burnout, COVID-19, pandemic, phenomenology, coping, meaningful wor

Yeast cell wall hydrolysis by enzymes for the production of value-added products

Yeast cell walls (YCW) are side-stream products from yeast extract production and are usually lower value products. In the first part of the project, we explored the potential of enzymes in converting Ohly’s YCW into high(er) added value new products. Accordingly, a better understanding of the enzymatic hydrolysis of YCW and the subsequent hydrolysates properties was obtained. An enzymatic assay was developed in lab-scale by standardizing process conditions such as enzyme dosage, temperature, pH and reaction time. Over 56 Carbohydrases and 4 Phospholipases were tested. The hydrolysates characterization was done by visual, analytical and chemical analysis. The following Ohly starting materials were used: YCW from the S. cerevisiae (hydrolysis process) and from C. utilis a.k.a Torula (Prime process). Hydrolysates were clustered using a PCA into 6 groups based on their profile of: free reducing sugars, free glucose, and free mannose. From all enzymes the most interesting were AO3, NC5, SN7, SN8, ET4, NC1 and ST3. In the second part of the project, the Torula YCW were used as a starting material for the production of a new yeast extract due to their high protein content. An enzymatic assay was performed by standardizing process conditions such as enzyme dosage, combination of different enzymes, temperature, pH and reaction time. The hydrolysates characterization was done by analytical and chemical analysis, and by sensory analysis. Proteolytic enzymes (9), Carbohydrases (2), Phospholipases (4) from various manufactures were tested. Results show that the optimal recipe to produce a new yeast extract from Torula YCW consisted of: 0.5% NS11 + 0.5% EN1 + 0.1% AO5 as the best combination when tested in an application (vegetable broth)

The CHAIN-REDS Semantic Search Engine

e-Infrastructures, and in particular Data Repositories and Open Access Data Infrastructures, are essential platforms for e-Science and e-Research and are being built since several years both in Europe and the rest of the world to support diverse multi/inter-disciplinary Virtual Research Communities. So far, however, it is difficult for scientists to correlate papers to datasets used to produce them and to discover data and documents in an easy way. In this paper, the CHAINREDS project’s Knowledge Base and its Semantic Search Engine are presented, which attempt to address those drawbacks and contribute to the reproducibility of science

Carbon footprint of particleboard: a comparison between ISO/TS 14067, GHG Protocol, PAS 2050 and Climate Declaration

This article aims to assess: i) the carbon footprint (CF) of particleboard produced in Portugal, and ii) the influence of different methodological issues in the particleboard CF calculation by comparing four CF methodologies (ISO/TS 14067; GHG Protocol Product Standard; PAS 2050; Climate Declaration). A life-cycle model was developed for particleboard (functional unit: 1 m3). Both cradle-to-gate and cradle-to-grave (end-of-life scenarios: incineration and landfill) assessments were performed. Six methods to assess delayed emissions were analyzed. The main methodological differences between the CF methodologies are the treatment of biogenic CO2, multifunctionality, and unit process exclusions (e.g. capital goods). A wide range of CFs was calculated: −939 to 188 kg CO2 eq/m3 (cradle-to-gate); 107 to 201 kg CO2 eq/m3 (cradle-to-grave; incineration) and −692 to 433 kg CO2 eq/m3 (cradle-to-grave; landfill). The inclusion (negative CF) or exclusion (positive CF) of biogenic carbon storage in the reported CF dominated the differences in results and the ranking of end-of-life scenarios strongly depended on that assumption. ISO/TS 14067, the GHG Protocol and PAS 2050 explicitly include both emissions and removals of biogenic CO2 in the CF calculation. On the other hand, the Climate Declaration does not account for biogenic CO2 or carbon storage, which may bias the comparison with competing products that do not store biogenic carbon (e.g. fossil-based materials). The CF of particleboard was also very sensitive to the different approaches to deal with multifunctionality in the incineration process by the various CF methodologies. Moreover, although not mandatory, delayed emission accounting significantly affected the results for the incineration scenario. Capital goods accounted for 12–20% of the CF. Future guidelines for wood-based panels, such as Product Category Rules, should, therefore, require that carbon storage is assessed and reported, accounting of waste-to-energy burdens is harmonized and capital goods are included

FORA Sunglasses : revision of the brand positioning strategy in light of future strategic goals

Through the analysis of a brand positioning practical dilemma of FORA Sunglasses, this thesis provides an examination of marketing contents such as brand identity, market positioning, and the importance of having a strong brand at consumers´ eyes. FORA is a Portuguese brand that produces vintage sunglasses since 2013. Its identity and market positioning rely on its sunglasses´ production process: a handmade manufacturing process in Portugal, which ensures the brand high quality and uniqueness, something the managers are not willing to give up. Having only one sunglass factory located in Portugal operating to serve its whole customer basis, FORA needs to explicitly address the issue of how to fulfill the requirements of increasing demand and shortening response times associated with future expansion. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to study, through primary and secondary research, whether this strategy presents an adequate added value for the consumer, so that giving it up would mean a brand loss which isn´t worth the corresponding production process competitiveness gain Main results showed that moving production to a different country wouldn´t mean a major loss to FORA, as it only influenced its perceptions of durability. However, if the brand considers to enhance its competitiveness through industrializing the manufacturing process, it should be more careful, as such an option could negatively affect consumers’ product quality perceptions, key drivers of their ultimate product buying decisions.Através da análise de um dilema prático de posicionamento da marca FORA Sunglasses, a presente dissertação proporciona uma visão global de conteúdos de marketing: identidade da marca, posicionamento de mercado, e a importância de ter uma marca forte aos olhos do consumidor. A FORA é uma marca portuguesa que produz óculos escuros vintage desde 2013. A sua identidade e posicionamento de mercado assentam no processo de produção dos óculos: um processo artesanal que decorre em Portugal, assegurando à marca alta qualidade e singularidade, algo que os seus administradores não estão dispostos a sacrificar. Existindo apenas uma fábrica de óculos em Portugal, que também serve outros clientes, poderá tornar-se difícil para a FORA preencher os requisitos de um aumento de procura e gerir tempos de resposta mais exigentes derivados da futura expansão. Assim, pretende-se estudar, através de pesquisa primária e secundária, se esta estratégia representa um valor acrescentado para o consumidor, sendo que sacrificá-la significaria uma perda para a marca que não compensa o aumento de competitividade do processo de produção. Os principais resultados mostraram que produzir noutro país não significaria uma grande perda para a marca, uma vez que só influenciaria as suas perceções de durabilidade. Contudo, se a FORA considerar o aumento da competitividade através da industrialização do processo, deve ter um cuidado adicional, dado que as perceções de qualidade, por exemplo, dependem deste, o que influencia indiretamente a intenção de compra dos consumidores

Dynamic fleet-based life-cycle greenhouse gas assessment of the introduction of electric vehicles in the Portuguese light-duty fleet

Purpose Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transportation sector is the goal of several current policies and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are seen as one option to achieve this goal. However, the introduction of BEVs in the fleet is gradual and their benefits will depend on how they compare with increasingly more energy-efficient internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The aim of this article is to assess whether displacing ICEVs by BEVs in the Portuguese light-duty fleet is environmentally beneficial (focusing on GHG emissions), taking into account the dynamic behavior of the fleet. Methods A dynamic fleet-based life-cycle assessment (LCA) of the Portuguese light-duty fleet was performed, addressing life-cycle (LC) GHG emissions through 2030 across different scenarios. A model was developed, integrating: (i) a vehicle stock sub-model of the Portuguese light-duty fleet; and (ii) dynamic LC sub-models of three vehicle technologies (gasoline ICEV, diesel ICEV and BEV). Two metrics were analyzed: (i) Total fleet LC GHG emissions (in Mton CO2 eq); and (ii) Fleet LC GHG emissions per kilometer (in g CO2 eq/km). A sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the influence of different parameters in the results and ranking of scenarios. Results and discussion The model baseline projected a reduction of 30–39 % in the 2010–2030 fleet LC GHG emissions depending on the BEV fleet penetration rate and ICEV fuel consumption improvements. However, for BEV introduction in the fleet to be beneficial compared to an increasingly more efficient ICEV fleet, a high BEV market share and electricity emission factor similar or lower to the current mix (485 g CO2 eq/kWh) need to be realized; these conclusions hold for the different conditions analyzed. Results were also sensitive to parameters that affect the fleet composition, such as those that change the vehicle stock, the scrappage rate, and the activity level of the fleet (11–19 % variation in GHG emissions in 2030), which are seldom assessed in the LCA of vehicles. The influence of these parameters also varies over time, becoming more important as time passes. These effects can only be captured by assessing Total fleet GHG emissions over time as opposed to the GHG emissions per kilometer metric. Conclusions These results emphasize the importance of taking into account the dynamic behavior of the fleet, technology improvements over time, and changes in vehicle operation and background processes during the vehicle service life when assessing the potential benefits of displacing ICEVs by BEVs.MIT-Portugal ProgramFonds Europeen de Developpement Economique et Regional (FEDER, Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade--COMPETE)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) (project grant FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-029055 (PTDC/EMS-ENE/1839/2012))Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) (project grant FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-021495 (PTDC/SEN-TRA/117251/2010))Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) (project grant CENTRO-07-0224-FEDER-002004)Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal) (doctoral grant SFRH/BD/51299/2010

Application of Collaborative Learning Paradigms within Software Engineering Education: A Systematic Mapping Study

Collaboration is used in Software Engineering (SE) to develop software. Industry seeks SE graduates with collaboration skills to contribute to productive software development. SE educators can use Collaborative Learning (CL) to help students develop collaboration skills. This paper uses a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) to examine the application of the CL educational theory in SE Education. The SMS identified 14 papers published between 2011 and 2022. We used qualitative analysis to classify the papers into four CL paradigms: Conditions, Effect, Interactions, and Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). We found a high interest in CSCL, with a shift in student interaction research to computer-mediated technologies. We discussed the 14 papers in depth, describing their goals and further analysing the CSCL research. Almost half the papers did not achieve the appropriate level of supporting evidence; however, calibrating the instruments presented could strengthen findings and support multiple CL paradigms, especially opportunities to learn at the social and community levels, where research was lacking. Though our results demonstrate limited CL educational theory applied in SE Education, we discuss future work to layer the theory on existing study designs for more effective teaching strategies.Comment: 7 page

Bullying, cyberbullying and social support: a study in a Portuguese school

Publicado em "Proceedings of INTED2017 Conference". ISBN 978-84-617-8491-2This paper presents a study that was developed with a sample of middle and high school students of the 3rd cycle of a Portuguese school, with an average age of 13.52 years (SD = 0,96) and an almost equal distribution in terms of sex (73 males vs. 70 females) and schooling (44 in the 7th year, 49 in the 8th year and 50 in the 9th year). The results show a prevalence of Observation Behaviour in the Victimization Scale and School Aggression and the dimension Satisfaction with Family in Satisfaction Scale Social Support. It was found that 37% of the sample has experienced Cyberbullying and 59% have had knowledge of Cyberbullying situations, which correlates positively with the Observation and Victimization behaviours of Victimization Scale and School Aggression.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio