Reaalioptioteoria investointipäätöksenteossa

Siirretty Doriast

Predictive Braking With Brake Light Detection-Field Test

Driver assistance systems, such as adaptive cruise control, are an increasing commodity in modern vehicles. Our earlier experience of radar-based adaptive cruise control has indicated repeatable abrupt behavior when approaching a stopped vehicle at high speed, which is typical for extra-urban roads. Abrupt behavior in assisted driving not only decreases the passenger trust but also reduces the comfort levels of such systems. We present a design and proof-of-concept of a machine vision-enhanced adaptive cruise controller. A machine vision-based brake light detection system was implemented and tested in order to smoothen the transition from coasting to braking and ensure speed reduction early enough. The machine vision system detects the brake lights in front, then transmits a command to the cruise controller to reduce speed. The current paper reports the speed control system design and experiments carried out to validate the system. The experiments showed the system works as designed by reducing abrupt behavior. Measurements show that brake light-assisted cruise control was able to start deceleration about three seconds earlier than a cruise controller without brake light detection. Measurements also showed increased ride comfort with the maximum deceleration and minimum jerk levels improving from 5% to 31%.Peer reviewe

Comparison of Semi-autonomous Mobile Robot Control Strategies in Presence of Large Delay Fluctuation

We propose semi-autonomous control strategies to assist in the teleoperation of mobile robots under unstable communication conditions. A short-term autonomous control system is the assistance in the semi-autonomous control strategies, when the teleoperation is compromised. The short-term autonomous control comprises of lateral and longitudinal functions. The lateral control is based on an artificial potential field method where obstacles are repulsive, and a route is attractive. LiDAR-based artificial potential field methods are well studied. We present a novel artificial potential field method based on color and depth images. Benefit of a camera system compared to a LiDAR is that a camera detects color, is cheaper, and does not have moving parts. Moreover, utilization of active sensors is not desired in the particle accelerator environment. A set of experiments with a robot prototype are carried out to validate this system. The experiments are carried out in an environment which mimics the accelerator tunnel environment. The difficulty of the teleoperation is altered with obstacles. Fully manual and autonomous control are compared with the proposed semi-autonomous control strategies. The results show that the teleoperation is improved with autonomous, delay-dependent, and control-dependent assist compared to the fully manual control. Based on the operation time, control-dependent assist performed the best, reducing the time by 12% on the tunnel section with most obstacles. The presented system can be easily applied to common industrial robots operating e.g. in warehouses or factories due to hardware simplicity and light computational demand.Peer reviewe

Brake Light Detection Algorithm for Predictive Braking

There has recently been a rapid increase in the number of partially automated systems in passenger vehicles. This has necessitated a greater focus on the effect the systems have on the comfort and trust of passengers. One significant issue is the delayed detection of stationary or harshly braking vehicles. This paper proposes a novel brake light detection algorithm in order to improve ride comfort. The system uses a camera and YOLOv3 object detector to detect the bounding boxes of the vehicles ahead of the ego vehicle. The bounding boxes are preprocessed with L*a*b colorspace thresholding. Thereafter, the bounding boxes are resized to a 30 × 30 pixel resolution and fed into a random forest algorithm. The novel detection system was evaluated using a dataset collected in the Helsinki metropolitan area in varying conditions. Carried out experiments revealed that the new algorithm reaches a high accuracy of 81.8%. For comparison, using the random forest algorithm alone produced an accuracy of 73.4%, thus proving the value of the preprocessing stage. Furthermore, a range test was conducted. It was found that with a suitable camera, the algorithm can reliably detect lit brake lights even up to a distance of 150 m

Brake Light Detection Algorithm for Predictive Braking

There has recently been a rapid increase in the number of partially automated systems in passenger vehicles. This has necessitated a greater focus on the effect the systems have on the comfort and trust of passengers. One significant issue is the delayed detection of stationary or harshly braking vehicles. This paper proposes a novel brake light detection algorithm in order to improve ride comfort. The system uses a camera and YOLOv3 object detector to detect the bounding boxes of the vehicles ahead of the ego vehicle. The bounding boxes are preprocessed with L*a*b colorspace thresholding. Thereafter, the bounding boxes are resized to a 30 × 30 pixel resolution and fed into a random forest algorithm. The novel detection system was evaluated using a dataset collected in the Helsinki metropolitan area in varying conditions. Carried out experiments revealed that the new algorithm reaches a high accuracy of 81.8%. For comparison, using the random forest algorithm alone produced an accuracy of 73.4%, thus proving the value of the preprocessing stage. Furthermore, a range test was conducted. It was found that with a suitable camera, the algorithm can reliably detect lit brake lights even up to a distance of 150 m

Tulevaisuuden toimitusketju – vaikutuksia siviili- ja sotilaslogistiikkaan

The present study examines the implications of six trends in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics on civilian and military supply chains over the next two decades. The data was collected from a targeted sample of SCM/ logistics researchers and managers of the largest manufacturing, trading and logistics firms in Finland in 2016–2017 and from logistics experts in the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) in 2017. The respondents assessed six SCM trends by 2035: 1) globalisation of supply chains (SC); 2) digitalisation and automation of logistics processes; 3) dependence on electricity and IT systems; 4) hybrid warfare activities targeted at SCs; 5) resource scarcity/circular economy/ sharing economy; and 6) building SC resilience. The results suggest that the export restrictions on military products and concerns on security of supply limit the possibilities of the FDF to fully benefit from the trends. The priorities and motives may also be different. Business SCs tend to be at the forefront of the development of new practices and technologies but mainly under normal circumstances. The FDF will need to ensure operations under emergencies meaning that some of the solutions are not applicable as such in the military context. Building up resilience will be equally important in the increasingly volatile environment. Ensuring the availability of qualified personnel will be a key challenge for both civilian and military organisations

Tulevaisuuden toimitusketju – vaikutuksia siviili- ja sotilaslogistiikkaan

The present study examines the implications of six trends in supply chain management (SCM) and logistics on civilian and military supply chains over the next two decades. The data was collected from a targeted sample of SCM/ logistics researchers and managers of the largest manufacturing, trading andlogistics firms in Finland in 2016–2017 and from logistics experts in the Finnish Defence Forces (FDF) in 2017. The respondents assessed six SCM trends by 2035: 1) globalisation of supply chains (SC); 2) digitalisation and automation of logistics processes; 3) dependence on electricity and IT systems; 4) hybridwarfare activities targeted at SCs; 5) resource scarcity/circular economy/sharing economy; and 6) building SC resilience. The results suggest that the export restrictions on military products and concerns on security of supply limit the possibilities of the FDF to fully benefit from the trends. The priorities and motives may also be different. Business SCs tend to be at the forefront of the development of new practices and technologies but mainly under normal circumstances. The FDF will need to ensure operations under emergencies meaning that some of the solutions are not applicable as such in the military context. Building up resilience will be equally important in the increasingly volatile environment. Ensuring the availability of qualified personnel will be a key challenge for both civilian and military organisations.</p

CytoSpectre: a tool for spectral analysis of oriented structures on cellular and subcellular levels

CytoSpectre user guide. This file contains the user guide of the software. (PDF 464 kb

Pneumatic unidirectional cell stretching device for mechanobiological studies of cardiomyocytes

In this paper, we present a transparent mechanical stimulation device capable of uniaxial stimulation, which is compatible with standard bioanalytical methods used in cellular mechanobiology. We validate the functionality of the uniaxial stimulation system using human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). The pneumatically controlled device is fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and provides uniaxial strain and superior optical performance compatible with standard inverted microscopy techniques used for bioanalytics (e.g., fluorescence microscopy and calcium imaging). Therefore, it allows for a continuous investigation of the cell state during stretching experiments. The paper introduces design and fabrication of the device, characterizes the mechanical performance of the device and demonstrates the compatibility with standard bioanalytical analysis tools. Imaging modalities, such as high-resolution live cell phase contrast imaging and video recordings, fluorescent imaging and calcium imaging are possible to perform in the device. Utilizing the different imaging modalities and proposed stretching device, we demonstrate the capability of the device for extensive further studies of hiPSC-CMs. We also demonstrate that sarcomere structures of hiPSC-CMs organize and orient perpendicular to uniaxial strain axis and thus express more maturated nature of cardiomyocytes