Verifiability and Veracity of Evidence at the South Dakota State High School Debate Tournament

The purpose of this study is to determine the veracity and verifiability of evidence cited or alluded to in the 1980 South Dakota State High School Championship Debate Tournament More specifically, this study represents an attempt to find answers to the following questions: 1. Can the researcher identify the specific sources of and allusions to evidence as presented? 2. How complete is the oral documentation for each of the identified citations or allusions to evidence? 3. How accurate is the documentation for each of the citations and/or allusions? 4. How accurate is the reported content of each of the citations and allusions in those instances where documentation is complete? Gerald H. Sanders, the Director of Forensics. at Wooster College, has noted that the research demands of current competitive debate are much greater than they Were twenty years ago. With this increased proliferation of the use of evidence, questions have arisen concerning the veracity of evidence. Throughout nine years of personal experience in competitive debate both as a competitor and as a judge, allegations of the misuse of evidence have been witnessed. Douglas Ehninger and Wayne Brockriede have addressed this misuse of evidence. They wrote that Deliberate falisification not only violates the principles of critical deliberation but constitutes dishonesty of the worst sort.” They have indicated that the implications for the debater using such evidence are that the discovery of misused evidence … casts suspicion... on the integrity of the debater.” This study is designed to analyze the pervasiveness of this practice within a selected sample. In 1964, William R. Dresser conducted a study which viewed evidence practices in collegiate debate. James Benson later conducted a similar study dealing with Collegiate debate. This current study differs from both Dresser\u27s and Benson’s studies in that (1) it is an evaluation of the practices of high school debate and (2) it covers an event which occurred at a later date. Therefore, no possible duplication exists. The current study is intended to provide insights. Concerning the present practices in the use of evidence in South Dakota High School debate. By noting the verifiability and veracity of quoted material or implied evidence, coaches and students alike may become more 4ware of the ethical and utilitarian considerations in the use of evidence. The following procedures were undertaken in an attempt to answer the questions raised under the statement of purpose. 1. A specific review of literature related to this particular study was judged inappropriate due to the nature of the inquiry. At the outset, the project involved viewing an event that had yet to take place, therefore excluding the possibility of prior research identical to the present inquiry. However, research may have been conducted dealing with similar events. Therefore, the following guides were surveyed to determine if any related studies had been completed. The study was conducted at the South Dakota High School Championship Debate Tournament held in Huron, South Dakota, on February 29 and March 1, 1980. Permission was granted to conduct the study by Ralph Wilkinson, Assistant Executive Secretary of the South Dakota High School Activities Association

A Second Mortuary Hiatus on Lake Baikal in Siberia and the Arrival of Small-Scale Pastoralism

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Photon-Mediated Interaction between Two Distant Atoms

We study the photonic interactions between two distant atoms which are coupled by an optical element (a lens or an optical fiber) focussing part of their emitted radiation onto each other. Two regimes are distinguished depending on the ratio between the radiative lifetime of the atomic excited state and the propagation time of a photon between the two atoms. In the two regimes, well below saturation the dynamics exhibit either typical features of a bad resonator, where the atoms act as the mirrors, or typical characteristics of dipole-dipole interaction. We study the coherence properties of the emitted light and show that it carries signatures of the multiple scattering processes between the atoms. The model predictions are compared with the experimental results in J. Eschner {\it et al.}, Nature {\bf 413}, 495 (2001).Comment: 18 pages, 15 figure

King-Devick Performance Following Moderate and High Exercise Intensity Bouts.

International Journal of Exercise Science 10(4): 619-628, 2017. The King-Devick (K-D) test is a concise, noninvasive assessment of oculomotor and cognitive function that has been shown to detect sub-optimal brain performance following sports head trauma. Used in a number of sports as a sideline concussion assessment tool, the K-D test can be administered by non-medical personnel. However, the issue regarding the effect of exercise on K-D performance has not been fully explored. Using a randomized crossover design, this study aimed to compare the effect of two intensities of exercise on K-D performance. Twenty males (21.2 ± 1.9 years) completed the K-D test prior to and after 15 min of either moderate (65% of age-predicted maximal heart rate) and high intensity (80% of age-predicted maximal heart rate) exercise bouts, separated by one week. Significant differences were found in working heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion consistent with exercise intensities. K-D performance did not change after moderate exercise, however a significant improvement (5.4%) was observed after high intensity exercise. Based upon these findings, it appears that high intensity exercise can influence test performance and administrators of the test need to be aware of the arousal state a player is prior to K-D test administration to ensure objective measurement

Bragg spectroscopic interferometer and quantum measurement-induced correlations in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates

We theoretically analyze the Bragg spectroscopic interferometer of two spatially separated atomic Bose-Einstein condensates that was experimentally realized by Saba et al. [Science 2005 v307 p1945] by continuously monitoring the relative phase evolution. Even though the atoms in the light-stimulated Bragg scattering interact with intense coherent laser beams, we show that the phase is created by quantum measurement-induced back-action on the homodyne photo-current of the lasers, opening possibilities for quantum-enhanced interferometric schemes. We identify two regimes of phase evolution: a running phase regime which was observed in the experiment of Saba et al., that is sensitive to an energy offset and suitable for an interferometer, and a trapped phase regime, that can be insensitive to applied forces and detrimental to interferometric applications.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figure

T-cell Apoptosis in Human Glioblastoma Multiforme: Implications for Immunotherapy

We used immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry to assess apoptosis in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Our immunohistochemical study revealed apoptosis of glioma cells expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein and of CD3+ T cells infiltrating GBM. To quantify and phenotype the apoptotic T cells, we performed flow cytometry on lymphocytes separated from GBM. The cells were stained with annexin-V-FLUOS/propidium iodide to identify apoptosis. We found that high proportions of both the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were apoptotic. In particular, we found that T cells expressing Fas ligand (Fas-L, CD95L) were eight times more vulnerable to apoptosis than those not expressing Fas-L, which suggests that the T-cell apoptosis is induced by overactivation of the T-cell receptor, possibly in the absence of appropriate costimulation. Our results have implications for the design of immunotherapies for GBM

The use of traditional ecological knowledge in forest management: an example from India

Many forest communities possess considerable knowledge of the natural resources they use. Such knowledge can potentially inform scientific approaches to management, either as a source of baseline data to fill information gaps that cannot otherwise be addressed or to provide alternative management approaches from which scientists and managers might learn. In general, however, little attention has been given to the relevance of quantitative forms of such knowledge for resource management. Much discussion has focused on the integration of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) into management, but less attention has been paid to identifying specific areas where it is most useful and where it may be most problematic. We contrasted scientific data with information from TEK in the context of a threat to the sustainable harvesting of a nontimber forest product (NTFP) of livelihood importance in southern India, specifically, a fruit tree infected by mistletoe. The efficiency of deriving information from NTFP harvesters compared to scientific field studies was assessed. We further evaluated the potential of TEK to provide novel solutions to the management problem in question, the degree to which TEK could provide quantitative information, and the biases that might be associated with information derived from TEK. TEK complemented previously gathered ecological data by providing concordant and additional information, but also contradicted some results obtained using a scientific approach. TEK also gave a longer-term perspective with regard to NTFP harvesting patterns. Combining information on historical and current harvesting trends for the NTFP with official data suggests that current assessments of sustainability may be inaccurate and that the use of diverse information sources may provide an effective approach to assessing the status of harvested resources

A Realism Metric for Generated LiDAR Point Clouds

A considerable amount of research is concerned with the generation of realistic sensor data. LiDAR point clouds are generated by complex simulations or learned generative models. The generated data is usually exploited to enable or improve downstream perception algorithms. Two major questions arise from these procedures: First, how to evaluate the realism of the generated data? Second, does more realistic data also lead to better perception performance? This paper addresses both questions and presents a novel metric to quantify the realism of LiDAR point clouds. Relevant features are learned from real-world and synthetic point clouds by training on a proxy classification task. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate the application of our metric to determine the realism of generated LiDAR data and compare the realism estimation of our metric to the performance of a segmentation model. We confirm that our metric provides an indication for the downstream segmentation performance