27 research outputs found
Repetitive and monotonous work among women : Psychophysiological and subjective stress reactions, muscle activity and neck and shoulder pain
No full textRepetitive and monotonous work is frequently associated with neck and shoulder pain and negative psychosocial factors inducing stress reactions. The present thesis concerns the relations between psychophysiological and subjective stress reactions, muscle activity measured by surface electromyography (SEMG) in the trapezius muscle, and neck and shoulder pain in women performing repetitive and monotonous work. In Study I cardiovascular and subjective stress reactions were investigated during computer work in a laboratory setting. The findings indicated that heart rate variability is a more sensitive and selective measure of mental stress compared with blood pressure recordings. Study II explored the relations between stress reactions and muscle activity during supermarket work. The results showed that perceived negative stress reactions may have a specific influence on muscle activity in the neck and shoulder region, which can be of importance for work-related musculoskeletal disorders in repetitive and monotonous work. In Study III the association between SEMG activity patterns and neck and shoulder pain was investigated during cash register work. It was found that pain-afflicted women had a different muscle activation pattern (more static, more co-contraction, less muscle rest) compared with pain-free women. Study IV was a follow-up study evaluating the introduction of job rotation among female cashiers. The results indicated positive effects on diastolic blood pressure, muscle activity, and partly on neck and shoulder pain, although perceived stress was unchanged. It was concluded that job rotation seems to have a limited effect on chronic neck and shoulder pain, but may be an effective preventive measure. The empirical findings are particularly relevant for women who, compared with men, more often perform repetitive and monotonous work and are also more often affected by neck and shoulder pain
Flygbildstolkning och dess anvÀndning vid arkeologisk inventering av norrlÀndska vattendrag
No full text(Un)sustainable parking norms : A study of obstacles and opportunities for sustainable parking planning
No full textPlaneten blir allt varmare, luften mer förorenad och stĂ€derna trĂ€ngre, men trots en övervĂ€ldigande enighet kring att samhĂ€llet mĂ„ste förĂ€ndras gĂ„r arbetet trögt. Beslutsfattare pĂ„ bĂ„de lokal och nationell nivĂ„ sĂ€tter stĂ€ndigt upp nya hĂ„llbarhetsmĂ„l, men det Ă€r tydligt att de förorenande och platsineffektiva bilarna fortsatt tar en central roll i det urbana landskapet. Hur kommer det sig att man, trots en medvetenhet om att bilismen mĂ„ste minska, fortsatt planerar stĂ€der dĂ€r parkering fĂ„r ta upp vĂ€rdefull yta pĂ„ bekostnad av mĂ€nniskan, naturen och klimatet? Arbetet syftar till att undersöka dagens parkeringsplanering med fokus pĂ„ att identifiera och förstĂ„ de hinder som motverkar en hĂ„llbar stadsutveckling. Rapporten utforskar via intervjuer med planerare och forskare samt en fallstudie varför man idag planerar med relativt höga parkeringstal i samhĂ€llet och specifikt i stadsdelen Norra DjurgĂ„rdsstaden, Stockholm. Resultatet vĂ€gs mot nutida teorier kring beteende, klimatförĂ€ndringar och hĂ„llbarhet för att belysa de problem som dagens parkeringsplanering orsakar samt de hinder som gör att planeringen inte bidrar till att miljö- och hĂ„llbarhetsmĂ„l uppfylls. Resultatet visar att det bland planerare finns en vilja att utforma hĂ„llbara lösningar, men de goda intentionerna hindras till följd av tre huvudsakliga systemfel. Till att börja med Ă€r regelverket förĂ„ldrat och möjliggör en ohĂ„llbar planering, vidare Ă€r planeringsansvaret utspritt och decentraliserat vilket hindrar bra helhetslösningar och slutligen finns det en rĂ€dsla bland beslutsfattare för att bli kritiserad av stadens medborgare. Avslutningsvis kan man konstatera att planeringen idag fokuserar pĂ„ att tillfredsstĂ€lla ett upplevt bilbehov, snarare Ă€n att fokusera pĂ„ hĂ„llbara mobilitetstjĂ€nster som inte pĂ„verkar klimatet lika negativt.The planet is getting warmer, the air more polluted and our cities are becoming more crowded but despite a broad consensus regarding the need for change, development is slow. Politicians and decision-makers are continuously setting targets for sustainability, but it is evident that polluting and space-inefficient cars still take a central role in the urban landscape. How is it that, despite the awareness of a needed reduction in car use, urban planning still revolves around constructing parking spaces and giving cars a central place in peopleâs lives? This thesis aims at exploring the parking planning of today, with a focus on identifying and understanding obstacles to sustainable urban development. The report examines why high parking norms are still used, through interviews with both planners and researchers and a case study of Stockholm Royal Seaport. The results of the study are analysed and compared to contemporary theories on behaviour, climate change, and sustainability to highlight the problems that exist within today's system and the obstacles that hinder the achievement of the sustainability goals. The result of the thesis acknowledges an existing will among planners to design sustainably but also shows that good intentions often are obstructed by three systematic problems. Firstly, old and dated regulation enables the overexploitation of parking spaces, secondly, a decentralised process hinders complete all-around solutions and lastly a political fear of being criticised by residents waters down sustainable measures. One can conclude that today's planning focuses on satisfying a perceived need for parking rather than offering attractive and sustainable mobility solutions that are better for the planet
Living rooftops in future cities : A study on how roofs can contribute to sustainable cities
No full textVĂ€rldens stĂ€der vĂ€xer i allt snabbare takt. Detta leder till en lĂ„ng rad av utmaningar för samhĂ€llet. Hur ska resurserna rĂ€cka till och hur formas staden pĂ„ ett sĂ€tt som Ă€r bra för en allt större befolkning. Med andra ord - hur ska stĂ€derna utvecklas pĂ„ ett hĂ„llbart sĂ€tt? Tanken om att bygga ovanpĂ„ taken Ă€r inte ny men har de senaste Ă„ren blivit allt mer intressant. I takt med en vĂ€xande befolkning undersöks möjliga metoder för att kunna förtĂ€ta staden pĂ„ bra sĂ€tt. DĂ€r blir stadens tak med stora oanvĂ€nda ytor onekligen intressanta. Syftet med detta arbete Ă€r att undersöka pĂ„ vilket sĂ€tt stadens takomrĂ„den kan vara en del av stadens utveckling. Detta görs inom ramen för Förenta Nationernas 11:e globala mĂ„l, som handlar om hĂ„llbara stĂ€der och samhĂ€llen. Studien undersöker ocksĂ„ vilka drivkrafter och motiv som finns bakom exploateringsprojekt av tak. Arbetet har framförallt genomförts som en flerfallsstudie, dĂ€r sex olika takprojekt har undersökts nĂ€rmare och dĂ€r personer involverade i projekten har intervjuats. Resultaten frĂ„n dessa har dĂ€refter kopplats till relevant teori utifrĂ„n hĂ„llbarhet och olika perspektiv kring stadsplanering. Rapporten visar att förtĂ€tning pĂ„ tak inte garanterat ger positiva resultat utifrĂ„n de globala hĂ„llbarhetsindikatorerna under mĂ„l 11. DĂ€remot finns potential att kombinera flera nyttor; sociala, ekologiska och ekonomiska, vilket totalt sett kan bidra till en mer hĂ„llbar stad. Detta hĂ€nger till stor del pĂ„ att projekten genomförs med lĂ„ngsiktighet i grunden. DĂ€rför Ă€r förstĂ„else och god dialog mellan bestĂ€llare, utförare och staden som politisk instans viktigt. PĂ„ sĂ„ vis kan projekten utveckla nyttor som gynnar alla parter och dĂ€rmed bidra positivt till staden som helhet.Cities worldwide are growing at an ever-increasing rate. This leads to a wide range of challenges for society. How will the resources be sufficient? How will the city be shaped in a way that is good for a growing population? In other words - how should cities develop in a sustainable fashion? The idea of ââbuilding on rooftops is not new, but in recent years it has become increasingly interesting. In line with a growing population, possible methods for densifying the city in reasonable ways are being investigated. City rooftops, with their large unused areas, are undeniably interesting in this sense. The purpose of this report is to investigate how urban roof areas can be part of the urban development. This is done in the context of the United Nations' 11th sustainable development goal, which covers sustainable cities and communities. The study also examines the driving forces and motives behind rooftop development projects. The work has primarily been conducted as a multiple case study, where six different rooftop projects have been examined and where people involved in the projects have been interviewed. The results have then been linked to relevant theory based on sustainability and different perspectives on urban planning. The report indicates that densification of rooftops does not guarantee positive results based on the global sustainability indicators under the 11th goal. However, there is potential to combine social, ecological and economical benefits which together can contribute to a more sustainable city. This is largely due to the fact that the projects are implemented with a long-term plan in mind. Therefore, a good dialogue between clients, implementers and the city as a political body is important. In this way, the projects can develop utilities that benefit all parties and thus contribute positively to the city as a whole
The return of working class literature : A discourse orientated analysis of ideas about contemporary working class literature in Sweden, 1999-2007
No full textDuring the 21st century, Society has again begun to focus its attention on working class literature and on issues related to social class. In the media contemporary working class literature is often mentioned as a distinct phenomenon. I my view, the meaning of this phenomenon have not been adequately formulated. The aim of this Masterâs Thesis is to reconstruct, using a discourse oriented text analysis, a picture of how the contemporary working class literature is described in todayâs society. This approach falls therefore within the framework of the Sociology of Literature and is based on the assumption that the discourse of working class literature is undergoing change. Utilizing an established definition of working class literature, I have created five nodal points around which I believe the discourse is mainly formed and changed. Links are then made to these points from chains of equivalence, based on essential ideas concerning the identities that have been ascribed to different subjects and objects. In order to show how the discourse is contextually constructed, the results are seen in relation to a discussion in contemporary research and literature about class society and the welfare state. My empirical data consists mainly of reviews and interviews in leading daily newspapers in Sweden concerning five writers who have published novels between 1999 and 2007 and who have been associated with contemporary working class literature. These writers are Lena Andersson, Torbjörn Flygt, Tony Samuelsson, Susanna Alakoski and Ă
sa Linderborg. The results show that the working class writer is a âclass travellerâ, who today holds a prominent position within the literary public sphere. The main purpose of the literature is to criticize the class society of today and to make it more visible. The novels reflects findings from social science research showing that the modern welfare state is a segregated and unequal society where the losers mainly consist of the unemployed and immigrants who often live in suburbs that were built during the million dwellings program. They also show todayâs working class that primarily consist of people within the caring and service sectors and therefore largely are women.UppsatsnivĂ„:
Living rooftops in future cities : A study on how roofs can contribute to sustainable cities
No full textVĂ€rldens stĂ€der vĂ€xer i allt snabbare takt. Detta leder till en lĂ„ng rad av utmaningar för samhĂ€llet. Hur ska resurserna rĂ€cka till och hur formas staden pĂ„ ett sĂ€tt som Ă€r bra för en allt större befolkning. Med andra ord - hur ska stĂ€derna utvecklas pĂ„ ett hĂ„llbart sĂ€tt? Tanken om att bygga ovanpĂ„ taken Ă€r inte ny men har de senaste Ă„ren blivit allt mer intressant. I takt med en vĂ€xande befolkning undersöks möjliga metoder för att kunna förtĂ€ta staden pĂ„ bra sĂ€tt. DĂ€r blir stadens tak med stora oanvĂ€nda ytor onekligen intressanta. Syftet med detta arbete Ă€r att undersöka pĂ„ vilket sĂ€tt stadens takomrĂ„den kan vara en del av stadens utveckling. Detta görs inom ramen för Förenta Nationernas 11:e globala mĂ„l, som handlar om hĂ„llbara stĂ€der och samhĂ€llen. Studien undersöker ocksĂ„ vilka drivkrafter och motiv som finns bakom exploateringsprojekt av tak. Arbetet har framförallt genomförts som en flerfallsstudie, dĂ€r sex olika takprojekt har undersökts nĂ€rmare och dĂ€r personer involverade i projekten har intervjuats. Resultaten frĂ„n dessa har dĂ€refter kopplats till relevant teori utifrĂ„n hĂ„llbarhet och olika perspektiv kring stadsplanering. Rapporten visar att förtĂ€tning pĂ„ tak inte garanterat ger positiva resultat utifrĂ„n de globala hĂ„llbarhetsindikatorerna under mĂ„l 11. DĂ€remot finns potential att kombinera flera nyttor; sociala, ekologiska och ekonomiska, vilket totalt sett kan bidra till en mer hĂ„llbar stad. Detta hĂ€nger till stor del pĂ„ att projekten genomförs med lĂ„ngsiktighet i grunden. DĂ€rför Ă€r förstĂ„else och god dialog mellan bestĂ€llare, utförare och staden som politisk instans viktigt. PĂ„ sĂ„ vis kan projekten utveckla nyttor som gynnar alla parter och dĂ€rmed bidra positivt till staden som helhet.Cities worldwide are growing at an ever-increasing rate. This leads to a wide range of challenges for society. How will the resources be sufficient? How will the city be shaped in a way that is good for a growing population? In other words - how should cities develop in a sustainable fashion? The idea of ââbuilding on rooftops is not new, but in recent years it has become increasingly interesting. In line with a growing population, possible methods for densifying the city in reasonable ways are being investigated. City rooftops, with their large unused areas, are undeniably interesting in this sense. The purpose of this report is to investigate how urban roof areas can be part of the urban development. This is done in the context of the United Nations' 11th sustainable development goal, which covers sustainable cities and communities. The study also examines the driving forces and motives behind rooftop development projects. The work has primarily been conducted as a multiple case study, where six different rooftop projects have been examined and where people involved in the projects have been interviewed. The results have then been linked to relevant theory based on sustainability and different perspectives on urban planning. The report indicates that densification of rooftops does not guarantee positive results based on the global sustainability indicators under the 11th goal. However, there is potential to combine social, ecological and economical benefits which together can contribute to a more sustainable city. This is largely due to the fact that the projects are implemented with a long-term plan in mind. Therefore, a good dialogue between clients, implementers and the city as a political body is important. In this way, the projects can develop utilities that benefit all parties and thus contribute positively to the city as a whole
The return of working class literature : A discourse orientated analysis of ideas about contemporary working class literature in Sweden, 1999-2007
No full textDuring the 21st century, Society has again begun to focus its attention on working class literature and on issues related to social class. In the media contemporary working class literature is often mentioned as a distinct phenomenon. I my view, the meaning of this phenomenon have not been adequately formulated. The aim of this Masterâs Thesis is to reconstruct, using a discourse oriented text analysis, a picture of how the contemporary working class literature is described in todayâs society. This approach falls therefore within the framework of the Sociology of Literature and is based on the assumption that the discourse of working class literature is undergoing change. Utilizing an established definition of working class literature, I have created five nodal points around which I believe the discourse is mainly formed and changed. Links are then made to these points from chains of equivalence, based on essential ideas concerning the identities that have been ascribed to different subjects and objects. In order to show how the discourse is contextually constructed, the results are seen in relation to a discussion in contemporary research and literature about class society and the welfare state. My empirical data consists mainly of reviews and interviews in leading daily newspapers in Sweden concerning five writers who have published novels between 1999 and 2007 and who have been associated with contemporary working class literature. These writers are Lena Andersson, Torbjörn Flygt, Tony Samuelsson, Susanna Alakoski and Ă
sa Linderborg. The results show that the working class writer is a âclass travellerâ, who today holds a prominent position within the literary public sphere. The main purpose of the literature is to criticize the class society of today and to make it more visible. The novels reflects findings from social science research showing that the modern welfare state is a segregated and unequal society where the losers mainly consist of the unemployed and immigrants who often live in suburbs that were built during the million dwellings program. They also show todayâs working class that primarily consist of people within the caring and service sectors and therefore largely are women.UppsatsnivĂ„:
(Un)sustainable parking norms : A study of obstacles and opportunities for sustainable parking planning
No full textPlaneten blir allt varmare, luften mer förorenad och stĂ€derna trĂ€ngre, men trots en övervĂ€ldigande enighet kring att samhĂ€llet mĂ„ste förĂ€ndras gĂ„r arbetet trögt. Beslutsfattare pĂ„ bĂ„de lokal och nationell nivĂ„ sĂ€tter stĂ€ndigt upp nya hĂ„llbarhetsmĂ„l, men det Ă€r tydligt att de förorenande och platsineffektiva bilarna fortsatt tar en central roll i det urbana landskapet. Hur kommer det sig att man, trots en medvetenhet om att bilismen mĂ„ste minska, fortsatt planerar stĂ€der dĂ€r parkering fĂ„r ta upp vĂ€rdefull yta pĂ„ bekostnad av mĂ€nniskan, naturen och klimatet? Arbetet syftar till att undersöka dagens parkeringsplanering med fokus pĂ„ att identifiera och förstĂ„ de hinder som motverkar en hĂ„llbar stadsutveckling. Rapporten utforskar via intervjuer med planerare och forskare samt en fallstudie varför man idag planerar med relativt höga parkeringstal i samhĂ€llet och specifikt i stadsdelen Norra DjurgĂ„rdsstaden, Stockholm. Resultatet vĂ€gs mot nutida teorier kring beteende, klimatförĂ€ndringar och hĂ„llbarhet för att belysa de problem som dagens parkeringsplanering orsakar samt de hinder som gör att planeringen inte bidrar till att miljö- och hĂ„llbarhetsmĂ„l uppfylls. Resultatet visar att det bland planerare finns en vilja att utforma hĂ„llbara lösningar, men de goda intentionerna hindras till följd av tre huvudsakliga systemfel. Till att börja med Ă€r regelverket förĂ„ldrat och möjliggör en ohĂ„llbar planering, vidare Ă€r planeringsansvaret utspritt och decentraliserat vilket hindrar bra helhetslösningar och slutligen finns det en rĂ€dsla bland beslutsfattare för att bli kritiserad av stadens medborgare. Avslutningsvis kan man konstatera att planeringen idag fokuserar pĂ„ att tillfredsstĂ€lla ett upplevt bilbehov, snarare Ă€n att fokusera pĂ„ hĂ„llbara mobilitetstjĂ€nster som inte pĂ„verkar klimatet lika negativt.The planet is getting warmer, the air more polluted and our cities are becoming more crowded but despite a broad consensus regarding the need for change, development is slow. Politicians and decision-makers are continuously setting targets for sustainability, but it is evident that polluting and space-inefficient cars still take a central role in the urban landscape. How is it that, despite the awareness of a needed reduction in car use, urban planning still revolves around constructing parking spaces and giving cars a central place in peopleâs lives? This thesis aims at exploring the parking planning of today, with a focus on identifying and understanding obstacles to sustainable urban development. The report examines why high parking norms are still used, through interviews with both planners and researchers and a case study of Stockholm Royal Seaport. The results of the study are analysed and compared to contemporary theories on behaviour, climate change, and sustainability to highlight the problems that exist within today's system and the obstacles that hinder the achievement of the sustainability goals. The result of the thesis acknowledges an existing will among planners to design sustainably but also shows that good intentions often are obstructed by three systematic problems. Firstly, old and dated regulation enables the overexploitation of parking spaces, secondly, a decentralised process hinders complete all-around solutions and lastly a political fear of being criticised by residents waters down sustainable measures. One can conclude that today's planning focuses on satisfying a perceived need for parking rather than offering attractive and sustainable mobility solutions that are better for the planet
Living rooftops in future cities : A study on how roofs can contribute to sustainable cities
No full textVĂ€rldens stĂ€der vĂ€xer i allt snabbare takt. Detta leder till en lĂ„ng rad av utmaningar för samhĂ€llet. Hur ska resurserna rĂ€cka till och hur formas staden pĂ„ ett sĂ€tt som Ă€r bra för en allt större befolkning. Med andra ord - hur ska stĂ€derna utvecklas pĂ„ ett hĂ„llbart sĂ€tt? Tanken om att bygga ovanpĂ„ taken Ă€r inte ny men har de senaste Ă„ren blivit allt mer intressant. I takt med en vĂ€xande befolkning undersöks möjliga metoder för att kunna förtĂ€ta staden pĂ„ bra sĂ€tt. DĂ€r blir stadens tak med stora oanvĂ€nda ytor onekligen intressanta. Syftet med detta arbete Ă€r att undersöka pĂ„ vilket sĂ€tt stadens takomrĂ„den kan vara en del av stadens utveckling. Detta görs inom ramen för Förenta Nationernas 11:e globala mĂ„l, som handlar om hĂ„llbara stĂ€der och samhĂ€llen. Studien undersöker ocksĂ„ vilka drivkrafter och motiv som finns bakom exploateringsprojekt av tak. Arbetet har framförallt genomförts som en flerfallsstudie, dĂ€r sex olika takprojekt har undersökts nĂ€rmare och dĂ€r personer involverade i projekten har intervjuats. Resultaten frĂ„n dessa har dĂ€refter kopplats till relevant teori utifrĂ„n hĂ„llbarhet och olika perspektiv kring stadsplanering. Rapporten visar att förtĂ€tning pĂ„ tak inte garanterat ger positiva resultat utifrĂ„n de globala hĂ„llbarhetsindikatorerna under mĂ„l 11. DĂ€remot finns potential att kombinera flera nyttor; sociala, ekologiska och ekonomiska, vilket totalt sett kan bidra till en mer hĂ„llbar stad. Detta hĂ€nger till stor del pĂ„ att projekten genomförs med lĂ„ngsiktighet i grunden. DĂ€rför Ă€r förstĂ„else och god dialog mellan bestĂ€llare, utförare och staden som politisk instans viktigt. PĂ„ sĂ„ vis kan projekten utveckla nyttor som gynnar alla parter och dĂ€rmed bidra positivt till staden som helhet.Cities worldwide are growing at an ever-increasing rate. This leads to a wide range of challenges for society. How will the resources be sufficient? How will the city be shaped in a way that is good for a growing population? In other words - how should cities develop in a sustainable fashion? The idea of ââbuilding on rooftops is not new, but in recent years it has become increasingly interesting. In line with a growing population, possible methods for densifying the city in reasonable ways are being investigated. City rooftops, with their large unused areas, are undeniably interesting in this sense. The purpose of this report is to investigate how urban roof areas can be part of the urban development. This is done in the context of the United Nations' 11th sustainable development goal, which covers sustainable cities and communities. The study also examines the driving forces and motives behind rooftop development projects. The work has primarily been conducted as a multiple case study, where six different rooftop projects have been examined and where people involved in the projects have been interviewed. The results have then been linked to relevant theory based on sustainability and different perspectives on urban planning. The report indicates that densification of rooftops does not guarantee positive results based on the global sustainability indicators under the 11th goal. However, there is potential to combine social, ecological and economical benefits which together can contribute to a more sustainable city. This is largely due to the fact that the projects are implemented with a long-term plan in mind. Therefore, a good dialogue between clients, implementers and the city as a political body is important. In this way, the projects can develop utilities that benefit all parties and thus contribute positively to the city as a whole
Prevalence, intensity, and playing related consequences of musculoskeletal pain, and associations with mood among professional orchestra musicians â a pilot study
No full textPrevalence, intensity, and playing related consequences of musculoskeletal pain, and associations with mood among professional orchestra musicians â a pilot studyGodkĂ€nd; 2015; 20150530 (ulrroi
