Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Factors Deciding Outcome of Chronic Subdural Hematoma

Background: C.S.D.H is a common condition in neurosurgical practise found widely in elderly people. Recurrence following surgical decompression is not uncommon and depends on mode of surgery. Objective: To identify the best mode of treatment in view of recurrence prevention. Methods: Cases of C.S.D.H operated at our hospital between 2018 - 2020 were reviewed prospectively. Data included preoperative and postoperative symptoms, type of surgical treatment, use of surgical drain and clinical outcome. Results: A total of 240 cases were analysed. And overall recurrence was 9.5 %. The risk of recurrence was higher in patients who undergone surgery without drain application, twist drill aspiration of hematoma and septate CSDH operated with burr hole craniotomy. Conclusion: Burr hole craniostomy with drain had lower recurrence rate in comparison to twist drill aspiration. Septate SDH may need craniotomy to prevent recurrence

Extradural Hematoma: A Case Series of Patients Presenting To A Tertiary Care Center of Bihar

Introduction: India is undergoing major economic and demographic transition coupled with increasing urbanization and motorization. Among the top ten causes of mortality in the country, head injury was the tenth cause two decades back. The aim of this study was to analyze various causes, clinical presentations, factors influencing presentations and to evaluate the postoperative outcome in patients with head injury with an extradural hematoma before surgery and to formulate recommendations for improvement of therapy and suggestions for the future. Methodology: This is a prospective observational Study which included 50 patients admitted at Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar over the past one year that was January 2022 to December 2022 with head injury, diagnosed to have traumatic extradural hemorrhage. Prior ethical approval was obtained from the institutional Ethics Committee. The study included all patients between age groups of 5 to 70 years. The study evaluated initial outcome, excluding long term outcome. Collected data were entered into and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 21.0 (IBM, Chicago). Results: A total of 50 cases were included in the study. Maximum patients suffering from EDH were in the age group of 21-30 years. The mean age was 29.3 years with a standard deviation of 8.2 years. There was a male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 5.25:1. The most common mode of injury among the patients was road traffic accident (78%) and 64% of cases of RTA occurred under the influence of alcohol. Conclusion: The present study concludes that, road traffic accident was the commonest mode of causative agent for EDH. Alcohol influence had a significant contribution in the causation, revealed by present study series and proved a social evil. So, early presentation to hospital with mild to moderate GCS has good clinical outcome with minimal disability

A Comparative Study Of Twist Drill Craniotomy And Burr Hole Craniotomy In Patients Of Chronic Sub-Dural Hematoma Attending A Tertiary Care Centre Of Bihar

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most commonly encountered neurosurgical conditions, common in elderly population. It may be associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and its incidence is estimated to be 13.1 cases per 100,000 populations in recent studies. This study aimed to compare recurrence rate, mortality, morbidity, surgical complications, and duration of hospital stay of these two procedures. Methodology: A study comparing burr hole craniostomy (BHC) with twist drill craniostomy (TDC) for unilateral hemispheric CSDH was carried out over a period of one year, from February 2021 to January 2022 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna, Bihar. 50 unilateral CSDH patients of more than 10 mm thickness on CT scan were included, and thin CSDH, bilaterally significant CSDH, radiologically doubtful hygroma or empyema and infantile subdural collection were excluded. Two groups were randomly created out of these 50 cases with 25 patients each. Patients from one group A underwent BHC and patients of another group underwent TDC. All patients were followed up at 1, 3 and 6 months. Protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee and a written informed consent was obtained from each patient or next of kin before participation in the study was confirmed. All the statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBS, Chicago) ver. 16.0. Results: The mean (SD) of the patients in groups TDC and BHC were 55.1(11.3) years and 57.5 (12.2) years, respectively. Overall, there was a male preponderance with a male to female ratio of 5.25:1. Most common predisposing factor was trauma (70%) followed by hypertension (14%), alcoholism (8%), Diabetes mellitus (6%) and only one patient (2%) had a history of anticoagulant use. On pre-operative assessment, mean GCS at admission in group TDC was 12.3 and that in group BHC was 13.1. Mean (SD) thickness of hematoma in both the groups were 24.1(4.3) mm and 22.4(5.1) mm, respectively. Mean (SD) midline shift was 12.1(3.2) mm and 10.3(2.9) mm in group TDC and BHC respectively. Conclusion: BHC and TDC both are equally effective procedures for chronic SDH with respect to recurrence rate, morbidity and mortality. Follow up up-to 3 months in cases of unilateral chronic subdural hematoma is sufficient

A Prospective Study Of Health Related Quality Of Life Before And After Lumber Disc Surgery For Herniated Lumber Disc At A Tertiary Care Centre Of Bihar

Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common health problems worldwide and a major cause of disability that affects performance at work and general well-being. LBP has an incidence of 15% amongst adults and a point prevalence of 30%. It is the leading cause of limitation in activity and absenteeism from work. Hence, this study was undertaken to address this lacunae in the literature. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted by the Department of neurosurgery of the Patna Medical College & Hospital, Patna, and Bihar. The current study was conducted over a period of 6 months that was from January 2021 to June 2021. Prior approval was obtained from the Institutional ethics Committee. All the patients admitted for elective discectomy for single level lumbar PIVD were selected for the study, after obtaining informed written consent from the patients or their next of kin. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc released 2009), version 16.0 (Chicago, IL) was used to analyze the data. Results: The most common level of disc herniation was at L4-L5 level as proven by MRI of the lumbar spine (76%) which was followed by L5-S1. In more than half of patients, Low Back Pain (LBP) with Radiculopathy was the most common presenting complaint followed by Radiculopathy and paresthesia. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are known to affect the outcome of the procedure. Therefore, assessment of depressive symptoms and its treatment should be a part of assessment of all patients in the preoperative as well as in the postoperative period

A Prospective Study To Evaluate Role of Closed Drainage To Reduce Recurrence and Improve Outcome of Chronic Subdural Hematoma Cases At A Tertiary Care Centre of Bihar

Introduction: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common types of intra-cranial hematoma, and often occurs in the elderly. Its incidence is about 5/100,000/year in the general population, but is higher for those aged 70 years and older; 58/100,000. Surgical treatment has been widely accepted as the most effective way to manage CSDH. In this study, we have compared the postoperative recurrence rates after burr-hole drainage (BHD) of CSDH with and without subdural drain. We have also compared the mortality and morbidity between two groups. Methodology: During the period of 12 month from March 2021 to February 2022, all the patients of symptomatic CSDH) proven by computed tomography (CT) scan admitted to Department of Neurosurgery were allocated randomly in two groups using random allocation software: Group A included patients who were treated by burr-hole craniostomy with closed-system drainage, and Group B included those patients who were treated with burr-hole craniostomy without closed-system drainage. Based on these criteria, a total of 100 cases were enrolled for the study with 50 cases in each group. Result: Of the 100 patients, 90 patients had unilateral CSDH and rest 10 patients had bilateral CSDH. Of the unilateral CSDH, 49 were on the right side. Homogeneous collection was more common than heterogeneous one (72 and 28, respectively). The most common homogeneous collection was hypodense CSDH on NCCT head. The common clinical symptoms were headache and hemiparesis. Patients were evaluated for other co-morbid conditions. Brain atrophy, history of head trauma, and hypertension were common. Conclusion: In this study, the recurrence rate of CSDH is significantly lower. Hence, we would like to conclude that the use of a subdural drain reduces the recurrence rate in CSDH without any significant increase in complications and should be routinely placed after BHD

A new approach to calculate mean charged multiplicity for hadron - hadron interactions upto 8 TeV

646-648Past studies based on energy dependence parameters such as mean charged multiplicity compares with different proposed theoretical models to discriminate models of multi-particle production in hadron – hadron interactions. In the recent studies based on theoretical framework, attempts have been made by various researchers to analyze recorded data on mean charged multiplicities at centre of mass energy (√s ) in GeV of hadron - hadron nteractions for the case of proton - proton interactions and an addition to this attempt has been made to modifies the earlier parameterizations using modified values of parameters under the study. These parameters are selected on the basis of some unambiguous phenomenon. In the present research study, the mean charged multiplicity has been calculated at different energies range for proton – proton interactions ranging between 2 GeV to 8000 GeV in hadron – hadron interactions and the result is found to be good agreement with the recent experiment data available

A new approach to calculate mean charged multiplicity for hadron - hadron interactions upto 8 TeV

646-648Past studies based on energy dependence parameters such as mean charged multiplicity compares with different proposed theoretical models to discriminate models of multi-particle production in hadron – hadron interactions. In the recent studies based on theoretical framework, attempts have been made by various researchers to analyze recorded data on mean charged multiplicities at centre of mass energy (√s ) in GeV of hadron - hadron nteractions for the case of proton - proton interactions and an addition to this attempt has been made to modifies the earlier parameterizations using modified values of parameters under the study. These parameters are selected on the basis of some unambiguous phenomenon. In the present research study, the mean charged multiplicity has been calculated at different energies range for proton – proton interactions ranging between 2 GeV to 8000 GeV in hadron – hadron interactions and the result is found to be good agreement with the recent experiment data available