Methods of detection of wheat and barley strain of Wheat dwarf virus in vector Psammotettix alienus by PCR-RFLP

Wheat dwarf (causal agent Wheat Dwarf Virus - WDV) is one of the most important cereal diseases in the Czech republic where it can cause huge economic losses in wheat, barley, triticale, rye as well as in oat. Psammotettix alienus is the only known vector of WDV while another way of transmission is unrecognized. This methodology describes a PCR assay for sensitive detection of Wheat Dwarf Virus in Psammotettix alienus, and RFLP assay for barley and wheat strains specific identification

Cereal diseases from sowing to harvest (determination and protection options):Methodology for practice

The fungal and virus diseases are still very actual topics due to the high proportion of cereals in crop rotation and large cultivated area. The cereal crops often decimated by fungal diseases like eyespot, powdery mildew, smuts, rusts, Fusarium head blight and brown leaf spot diseases. The virus diseases include Barley yellow dwarf virus – BYDV, Wheat dwarf virus – WDV and Wheat streak mosaic virus – WSMV are also very important due to the epidemic incidence in some years. This methodology summarizes the current knowledge of these fungal and virus diseases, focuses on the description, symptoms, occurrence, field and laboratory diagnostics and possibilities of crop protection against these diseases. Individual diseases are ranked in the order of their occurrence in the agroecosystem. The methodology can serve the farming communities and agronomist as a key to identifying the diseases infecting wheat crop

Vodohospodářské řešení rekultivace a revitalizace Podkrušnohorské uhelné pánve:Tvorba krajiny povodí Ohře a Bíliny - Chabařovicko

Účelem projektu bylo speciální ekologické posouzení funkčnosti budoucího jezera Chabařovice a navrženého zapojení okolních výsypek do okolní krajiny. Zpráva vychází z posouzení širšího území pánve z hlediska možnosti obnovy toků energie a látek v krajině, z ekologické analýzy dostupných historických údajů o více něž 150 let tvrvajícím vývoji krajiny, z analýzy prostupnosti krajiny v období Stabilního katastru, Generelu rekultivací a ze současného stavu. Podkladem bylo také posouzení funkčnosti systému ÚSES a jeho provázání s navrženými úpravami. Byly předloženy závěry a výstupy pro rozhodování státní správy

Transcriptome dynamics in triticum aestivum genotypes associated with resistance against the wheat dwarf virus

Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) is one of the most important pathogens of cereal crops worldwide. To understand the molecular mechanism of resistance, here we investigated the comparative transcriptome of wheat genotypes with different levels of resistance (Svitava and Fengyou 3) and susceptibility (Akteur) to WDV. We found a significantly higher number of differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) in the susceptible genotype than in the resistant one (e.g., Svitava). The number of downregulated transcripts was also higher in the susceptible genotype than in the resistant one (Svitava) and the opposite was true for the upregulated transcripts. Further functional analysis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment identified a total of 114 GO terms for the DETs. Of these, 64 biological processes, 28 cellular components and 22 molecular function GO terms were significantly enriched. A few of these genes appear to have a specific expression pattern related to resistance or susceptibility to WDV infection. Validation of the expression pattern by RT-qPCR showed that glycosyltransferase was significantly downregulated in the susceptible genotype compared to the resistant genotypes after WDV infection, while CYCLIN-T1-3, a regulator of CDK kinases (cyclin-dependent kinase), was upregulated. On the other hand, the expression pattern of the transcription factor (TF) MYB (TraesCS4B02G174600.2; myeloblastosis domain of transcription factor) was downregulated by WDV infection in the resistant genotypes compared to the susceptible genotype, while a large number of TFs belonging to 54 TF families were differentially expressed due to WDV infection. In addition, two transcripts (TraesCS7A02G341400.1 and TraesCS3B02G239900.1) were upregulated with uncharacterised proteins involved in transport and regulation of cell growth, respectively. Altogether, our findings showed a clear gene expression profile associated with resistance or susceptibility of wheat to WDV. In future studies, we will explore the regulatory network within the same experiment context. This knowledge will broaden not only the future for the development of virus-resistant wheat genotypes but also the future of genetic improvement of cereals for resilience and WDV-resistance breeding

Water table fluctuations and groundwater supply are important in preventing phosphate eutrophication in sulphate-rich fens: consequences for wetland restoration

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