Ionic behavior assessment of surface-active compounds from corn steep liquor by exchange resins

Depending on their ionic nature, biosurfactants can be classified as nonionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric. The ionic behavior of biosurfactants is an important characteristic that dictates their use in industrial applications. In this work, a biosurfactant extract obtained from corn steep liquor was subjected to anionic or cationic resins, in order to study the ionic behavior under different operational conditions using response surface methodology. The independent variables included in the study are the dilution of biosurfactant solution, the amount of cationic or anionic resin, and the extraction time, whereas the dependent variables studied consisted of the surface tension of biosurfactant aqueous solution, after contacting with anionic or cationic resin. The results showed that biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor is amphoteric, since both resins were able to entrap this biosurfactant, making it particularly suited for use in personal care preparations for sensitive skin.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Potential applications of biosurfactant extract obtained from corn steep liquor in hair formulations

[Excerpt] Biosurfactants (BS) have great advantages as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic surfactants used in hair formulations. Human hair contains fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and stearic acid) that prevent hair dryness and avoid the lower scalp hair density. These fatty acids are included in the composition of biosurfactant extract obtained from corn steep liquor (CSL) (Vecino et al., 2015). The adsorption of surfactants on hair depends on its ionic charge. Normally, hair surface has a negative charge, so it adsorbs cationic surfactants. For this reason, hair conditioners and also hair sunscreens contain cationic surfactants, mainly quaternary ammonium salts, which absorb UV light, protecting hair surface from dryness and oxidation. Contrarily, shampoo formulations are composed by anionic surface-active agents, which can induce, in many cases, hair protein loss, hair dryness, opacity and difficulty of handling. In order to know if biosurfactant extract, obtained from CSL, could be adsorbed on hair, its ionic behavior was evaluated by using anionic and cationic resins using a solid/liquid ratio of 1:10 at room temperature. After that, adsorption experiments using human hair were established at room temperature with hair/biosurfactant solution ratio of 1:50. [...]The financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEDER funds under the project CTM2015-68904) and L. Rodríguez-López is grateful for her predoctoral fellowship supported by the University of Vigo (Spain)

Characterization of ionic nature of biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor using ionic exchange resins

[Excerpt] Resins have been used for years for the purification and characterization of ionic substances. The use of these resins allows not only remove impurities or increase the concentration of metabolites from industrial streams, but also allows define their ionic structure. In general, surfactants can be classified as non-ionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric, what is going to define their future application at industrial scale. For example, anionic surfactants present the greatest wetting and emulsifying properties, while cationic ones have excellent antibacterial properties as well as good emulsifier capacities. Otherwise, amphoteric surfactants, which may have anionic or cationic properties depending on pH, are widely used in personal care products because of their less irritability to skin and eyes in comparison with other types of surfactants. [...]Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEDER funds under the project CTM2015-68904)University of Vigo (Spain

Adsorption capacity evaluation of a lipopeptide biosurfactant on human hair

[Excerpt] Nowadays, surfactants are used in a wide variety of applications in several fields, such as cosmetic and health care, environmental issues and, generally, as detergents. They present valuable characteristics since they can decrease water surface tension and solubilize molecules that cannot be eliminated in an aqueous media in normal conditions. Due to their surface active nature, synthetic surfactants can result toxic in the media in which they are applied. These drawbacks can be overcome by using biosurfactants, since they result environmentally friendly because of their biodegradability and low toxicity. Therefore, it would be interesting to replace synthetic detergents by biosurfactants in cosmetic and personal care formulations. From this point of view, Vecino et al., [1] have extracted biosurfactants from an industrial stream of corn wet milling industry, consisting of a lipopeptide that could have important applications in the formulation of natural shampoos. This biosurfactant is able to reduce the surface tension of water in more than 30 units. Thus, the aim of this work was to study the adsorption of this biosurfactant in human hair. [...]Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEDER funds under the project CTM2015-68904University of Vigo (Spain

Comparative study between biobased fatty acid extract obtained from corn steep liquor and "Tsubaki" extract

[Excerpt] "Tsubaki" is a Japanese camellia oil extract, which is rich in palmitic and linoleic (Omega-6) fatty acids, as well as contain numerous anti-aging polyphenol antioxidants. On the other hand, a bio-based surfactant composed by 64.2% of lipids and 21.9% of proteins can be extracted from corn steep liquor (CSL) following the methodology proposed by Vecino et al. (2015). The aim of this work was to compare some biochemical properties of "Tsubaki" fatty acid extract, included in high-end cosmetic formulations of different brans, and the biobased surfactant obtained from CSL, in terms of surface active capacity reduction as well as in terms of antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition. [...]The financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FEDER funds under the project CTM2015-68904) and L. Rodríguez-López is grateful for her predoctoral fellowship supported by the University of Vigo (Spain)

Influence of micelle formation on the adsorption capacity of a biosurfactant extracted from corn on dyed hair

Human hair contains fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and stearic acid) that prevent hair dryness and avoid lower hair density of the scalp that can be caused when hair is dyed. These acids are also present in the composition of the amphoteric biosurfactant obtained from corn steep liquor, an agro-industrial stream generated by the corn wet-milling industry. This biosurfactant has a molecular weight of 1542 Da, with a similar mass spectrum to that of Fengycin, a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis strains. Few studies exist in the literature on the interaction of hair and biosurfactants, nor are there studies on the influence of micelle formation on biosurfactant adsorption capacity. Moreover, this is supposedly the first work in which a biosurfactant is applied to dyed hair. Different concentrations of biosurfactant were applied to dyed hair between 20–50 °C during 2–30 min of treatment. Theoretical models were obtained, which allowed the prediction of the amount of biosurfactant that can be entrapped by dyed hair. A maximum capacity of 10 549 µg g-1 was achieved at 295 mg L-1 of biosurfactant, thus it could be observed that dyed hair mainly adsorbed the biosurfactant above its critical micellar concentration, at which point the biosurfactant is in micellar form. Furthermore, this treatment maintains the dyed hair structure in a good state.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Influence of micelle formation on the adsorption capacity of a biosurfactant extracted from corn on dyed hair

Human hair contains fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic and stearic acid) that prevent hair dryness and avoid lower hair density of the scalp that can be caused when hair is dyed. These acids are also present in the composition of the amphoteric biosurfactant obtained from corn steep liquor, an agro-industrial stream generated by the corn wet-milling industry. This biosurfactant has a molecular weight of 1542 Da, with a similar mass spectrum to that of Fengycin, a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis strains. Few studies exist in the literature on the interaction of hair and biosurfactants, nor are there studies on the influence of micelle formation on biosurfactant adsorption capacity. Moreover, this is supposedly the first work in which a biosurfactant is applied to dyed hair. Different concentrations of biosurfactant were applied to dyed hair between 20–50 °C during 2–30 min of treatment. Theoretical models were obtained, which allowed the prediction of the amount of biosurfactant that can be entrapped by dyed hair. A maximum capacity of 10 549 µg g-1 was achieved at 295 mg L-1 of biosurfactant, thus it could be observed that dyed hair mainly adsorbed the biosurfactant above its critical micellar concentration, at which point the biosurfactant is in micellar form. Furthermore, this treatment maintains the dyed hair structure in a good state.Peer Reviewe

Ionic behavior assessment of surface-active compounds from corn steep liquor by exchange resins

Depending on their ionic nature, biosurfactants can be classified as nonionic, anionic, cationic, or amphoteric. The ionic behavior of biosurfactants is an important characteristic that dictates their use in industrial applications. In this work, a biosurfactant extract obtained from corn steep liquor was subjected to anionic or cationic resins, in order to study the ionic behavior under different operational conditions using response surface methodology. The independent variables included in the study are the dilution of biosurfactant solution, the amount of cationic or anionic resin, and the extraction time, whereas the dependent variables studied consisted of the surface tension of biosurfactant aqueous solution, after contacting with anionic or cationic resin. The results showed that biosurfactant extracted from corn steep liquor is amphoteric, since both resins were able to entrap this biosurfactant, making it particularly suited for use in personal care preparations for sensitive skin.Peer Reviewe