Bienestar psicológico y resiliencia en pacientes con cáncer del Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas de Concepción, 2022

La presente investigación tiene el título “Bienestar psicológico y resiliencia en pacientes con cáncer del Instituto regional de enfermedades neoplásicas de Concepción, 2022”. Teniendo en cuenta que el cáncer es una enfermedad que genera sufrimiento y la muerte. Asumiendo un tratamiento aversivo, que genera malestar y desestabilidad emocional. Por ello se platea el siguiente problema ¿Qué relación existe entre bienestar psicológico y resiliencia en pacientes con cáncer del Instituto regional neoplásica de Concepción, 2022? Habiendo planteado el objetivo, determinar la relación entre bienestar psicológico y resiliencia en pacientes con cáncer del instituto regional de Concepción, 2022. Donde los trabajadores de la salud, puedan tomar decisiones para el apoyo emocional y adherencias al tratamiento. Para conseguir este objetivo se utilizó la metodología de investigación científica, de tipo básico, con un diseño trasversal, no experimental y correlacional. Con una muestra de 260 pacientes con cáncer. Y para medir las variables se utilizó la escala de bienestar psicológico de Ruff, y escala de resiliencia de Young. Los resultados son: el 53% de pacientes tiene un nivel adecuado en bienestar psicológico. 90% de los pacientes tiene una mayor capacidad de resiliencia. Concluyendo, la no existencia de una asociación entre el bienestar psicológico y resiliencia, en un grado de significancia = 0.05 y P valor = 0.777. Se recomienda la publicación de los resultados para que sirva como antecedentes de investigaciones de similares o mayor alcance

Impact of international travel and diarrhea on gut microbiome and resistome dynamics

International travel contributes to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Travelers\u27 diarrhea exacerbates the risk of acquiring multidrug-resistant organisms and can lead to persistent gastrointestinal disturbance post-travel. However, little is known about the impact of diarrhea on travelers\u27 gut microbiomes, and the dynamics of these changes throughout travel. Here, we assembled a cohort of 159 international students visiting the Andean city of Cusco, Peru and applied next-generation sequencing techniques to 718 longitudinally-collected stool samples. We find that gut microbiome composition changed significantly throughout travel, but taxonomic diversity remained stable. However, diarrhea disrupted this stability and resulted in an increased abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes that can remain high for weeks. We also identified taxa differentially abundant between diarrheal and non-diarrheal samples, which were used to develop a classification model that distinguishes between these disease states. Additionally, we sequenced the genomes of 212 diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolates and found those from travelers who experienced diarrhea encoded more antimicrobial resistance genes than those who did not. In this work, we find the gut microbiomes of international travelers\u27 are resilient to dysbiosis; however, they are also susceptible to colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria, a risk that is more pronounced in travelers with diarrhea

Resipientunderdsøkelse av Begna, Randselva og Tyrifjorden i 2010 i forbindelse med utslipp fra Norske Skog Follum ASA og Huhtamaki Norway AS

Norske Skog Follum og Huhtamaki Norway AS har foretatt en resipientundersøkelse i henhold til vanndirektivet for å dokumentere effektene av sine utslipp til Begna, Randselva og Tyrifjorden. Virkningen av utslippene på vannkjemien (tot P, tot N, NO3, KOF, Mn, Al) var liten eller ikke påvisbar. Begroingsalgene indikerer god eller svært god tilstand på elvestasjonene, bunndyrene indikerer god eller svært god tilstand med unntak av moderat tilstand ved Hønefossen. Det biologiske mangfoldet varierte mye, med høyest mangfold på referansestasjonene. For Tyrifjoden var den økologiske tilstanden svært god der konsentrasjonene av fosfor og klorofyll a var de lavest som er målt siden 1978. Resultatene fra burforsøk med lokal ørret indikerer at aluminium i utslippet ved Follum Fabrikker foreligger på en lite giftig form og er lite gjelle-reaktivt.Norske Skog Follum AS

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Outbreak in Peru 2019 Associated With Campylobacter jejuni Infection

OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical phenotypes and infectious triggers in the 2019 Peruvian Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) outbreak. METHODS: We prospectively collected clinical and neurophysiologic data of patients with GBS admitted to a tertiary hospital in Lima, Peru, between May and August 2019. Molecular, immunologic, and microbiological methods were used to identify causative infectious agents. Sera from 41 controls were compared with cases for antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni and gangliosides. Genomic analysis was performed on 4 C jejuni isolates. RESULTS: The 49 included patients had a median age of 44 years (interquartile range [IQR] 30-54 years), and 28 (57%) were male. Thirty-two (65%) had symptoms of a preceding infection: 24 (49%) diarrhea and 13 (27%) upper respiratory tract infection. The median time between infectious to neurologic symptoms was 3 days (IQR 2-9 days). Eighty percent had a pure motor form of GBS, 21 (43%) had the axonal electrophysiologic subtype, and 18% the demyelinating subtype. Evidence of recent C jejuni infection was found in 28/43 (65%). No evidence of recent arbovirus infection was found. Twenty-three cases vs 11 controls (OR 3.3, confidence interval [CI] 95% 1.2-9.2, p < 0.01) had IgM and/or IgA antibodies against C jejuni. Anti-GM1:phosphatidylserine and/or anti-GT1a:GM1 heteromeric complex antibodies were strongly positive in cases (92.9% sensitivity and 68.3% specificity). Genomic analysis showed that the C jejuni strains were closely related and had the Asn51 polymorphism at cstII gene. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the 2019 Peruvian GBS outbreak was associated with C jejuni infection and that the C jejuni strains linked to GBS circulate widely in different parts of the world

Bovine lactoferrin decreases cholera-toxin-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in mice by ganglioside interaction.

Secretory diarrhea caused by cholera toxin (CT) is initiated by binding of CT's B subunit (CTB) to GM1-ganglioside on the surface of intestinal cells. Lactoferrin, a breast milk glycoprotein, has shown protective effect against several enteropathogens. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of bovine-lactoferrin (bLF) on CT-induced intestinal fluid accumulation in mice, and the interaction between bLF and CT/CTB with the GM1-ganglioside receptor. Fluid accumulation induced by CT was evaluated in the mouse ileal loop model using 56 BALB/c mice, with and without bLF added before, after or at the same time of CT administration. The effect of bLF in the interaction of CT and CTB with GM1-ganglioside was evaluated by a GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. bLF decreased CT-induced fluid accumulation in the ileal loop of mice. The greatest effect was when bLF was added before CT (median, 0.066 vs. 0.166 g/cm, with and without bLF respectively, p<0.01). We conclude that bLF decreases binding of CT and CTB to GM1-ganglioside, suggesting that bLF suppresses CT-induced fluid accumulation by blocking the binding of CTB to GM1-ganglioside. bLF may be effective as adjunctive therapy for treatment of cholera diarrhea

New World Monkey Aotus nancymae as a Model for Campylobacter jejuni Infection and Immunity

Three groups of six monkeys (Aotus nancymae) each were inoculated intragastrically with increasing doses of Campylobacter jejuni. Infection resulted in fecal colonization (100% of monkeys), dose-related diarrhea, and robust immune responses. Colonization duration and diarrhea rate were reduced upon secondary challenge. A. nancymae may be useful for studying anti-Campylobacter vaccine efficacy

Severity of the gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus of the pand emic group in Peru

Objective. To determine the epidemiological and clinic characteristics of gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of the pandemic group in Peru. Material and methods. Clinical and laboratory records were searched in 100 cases of gastroenteritis caused by V parahaemolyticus, either of the pandemic or non pandemic group. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected and statistical analysis was done to evaluate if the severity of illness was associated with the pandemic group. Results. Epidemiological data were collected in 85% of cases, and clinical data were only available in 37% of cases, mainly on those hospitalized. Cases associated with the pandemic strains had a higher probability of liquid stools (96.3% vs. 62.5%, p<0.05), moderate or severe dehydration (100% vs. 60%, p<0.05), and hospital care (98% vs. 42.9%, p<0.0001). Cases aged thirty or older were associated with the pandemic strains (63% vs. 39.5%, p<0.05). Conclusions. Vibrio parahaemolyticus of the pandemic group causes more severe gastrointestinal disease than none pandemic strains, with higher probability of requiring hospital care. Based on this report, it is advisable to include the identification of V. parahaemolyticus in the etiological diagnosis of agents causing severe gastroenteritis in the Peruvian health system.Revisión por pare

Severity of the gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus of the pand emic group in Peru

Objective. To determine the epidemiological and clinic characteristics of gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains of the pandemic group in Peru. Material and methods. Clinical and laboratory records were searched in 100 cases of gastroenteritis caused by V parahaemolyticus, either of the pandemic or non pandemic group. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected and statistical analysis was done to evaluate if the severity of illness was associated with the pandemic group. Results. Epidemiological data were collected in 85% of cases, and clinical data were only available in 37% of cases, mainly on those hospitalized. Cases associated with the pandemic strains had a higher probability of liquid stools (96.3% vs. 62.5%, p<0.05), moderate or severe dehydration (100% vs. 60%, p<0.05), and hospital care (98% vs. 42.9%, p<0.0001). Cases aged thirty or older were associated with the pandemic strains (63% vs. 39.5%, p<0.05). Conclusions. Vibrio parahaemolyticus of the pandemic group causes more severe gastrointestinal disease than none pandemic strains, with higher probability of requiring hospital care. Based on this report, it is advisable to include the identification of V. parahaemolyticus in the etiological diagnosis of agents causing severe gastroenteritis in the Peruvian health system.Revisión por pare

Gravedad de la gastroenteritis causada por vibrio parahaemolyticus del grupo pandémico en el Perú

Objetivos. Determinar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de la gastroenteritis causada por Vibrio parahaemolyticus del grupo pandémico en el Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se examinó las historias clínicas y registros de laboratorio de cien casos de gastroenteritis en los cuales se aisló V. parahaemolyticus del grupo pandémico y no pandémico. Se recolectó información epidemiológica y clínica y se realizó el análisis estadístico de los datos para evaluar si la gravedad de la enfermedad se asoció con la presencia de las cepas del grupo pandémico. Resultados. Se logró colectar información epidemiológica en 85% de los casos e información clínica sólo en 37% de los casos, principalmente de los hospitalizados. Los casos del grupo pandémico tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de tener deposiciones líquidas (96,3% frente a 62,5%, p<0,05), presentar deshidratación moderada o grave (100% frente a 60%, p<0,05) y requerir atención hospitalaria (98% frente a 42,9%, p<0,0001). Fue más probable aislar una cepa pandémica en personas de 30 o más años de edad (63% frente a 39,5%, p<0,05). Conclusiones. El Vibrio parahaemolyticus del grupo pandémico causa enfermedad gastrointestinal de mayor gravedad que las cepas no pandémicas, con mayor probabilidad de requerir atención hospitalaria. Basados en este reporte, se recomienda incluir la identificación de V. parahaemolyticus en el diagnóstico etiológico de agentes causantes de gastroenteritis grave en el sistema de salud del Perú