FAKTOR ETIKA DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN DI INDONESIA

Etika menyangkut perilaku manusia yang dianggap baik atau buruk, pantas atau tidak pantas. Kini disadari bahwa etika tidak hanya menyangkut interaksi atau hubungan antar sesama manusia, tetapi juga sangat penting dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya alam. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk menunjukkan pentingnya memperhatikan faktor etika dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur yang dikombinasikan dengan pengalaman lapang penulis. Kedua sumber ini dijadikan sebagai bahan refleksi pemikiran secara teoritis. Data tersebut digunakan untuk pengembangan ide atau pemikiran lebih lanjut pada tulisan ini. Keadilan sosial merupakan satu bentuk etika sosial yang sangat penting diperhatikan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan, termasuk dalam penetapan zona penangkapan maupun perijinan alat tangkap. Dari segi etika lingkungan, etika lingkungan yang dominan di kalangan pengguna sumberdaya perikanan di Indonesia adalah antroposentrisme. Oleh sebab itu, pengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan seperti penetapan kawasan konservasi laut harus memperhatikan implikasi dari etika lingkungan ini. Tulisan ini mengusulkan perlunya mendekonstruksi etika antroposentrisme dan menggantikannya dengan etika ”teosentris”. Tittle: Ethical Factor in the Fisheries Management in IndonesiaEthics is about human conduct that considered as good or bad, proper or not proper. However, it has been acknowledged that ethics is not only important in the relation among people (human being), but also in relation between humans and their environment. The objective of this paper is to show the important of ethics to be taken into account in managing fishery resources in Indonesia. The method used was literature study combine with the author's field experiences. These data and as information where used to develop ideas and thoughts in this paper. It was argued that social justice is one of the social ethics that is very important to be considered, for example in establishing fishing zones as well as in permitting type of fishing gear to be used. Regarding environmental ethics, it was argued that the most common and dominant ethics among fishery resources users in Indonesia is anthropocentrism. Therefore, fishery resource management should pay serious attention to its implication in managing fishery resources, such as in the case of establishment of marine protected areas. This paper contended that it is needed to deconstruct the anthropocentrism and replace it with “theocentrism”

Structugency: a Theory of Action

Various social theories have been developed by many social scientists to explain human action individually as well as collectively. Latetely, some theories of human action are discussed within the frame of structure and agency. However, concepts of structure, agency, and their impacts on actor's action are still debated. This article analyzes meaning of structure, agency, and their impacts onactor's action. Method used is reviewing and analyzing some important literatures on the topics, consists of text books and International journals. It is shown that the concepts of structure is quite diverse,covers six forms. It is also developed here a concept of agency which emphasize the ability of an actor to think and act independently according to his/her own will. More over, it is argued that structure and agency should be differentiated; thus they are dualism, not duality. Both structure and agency influence an actor's action

Socio-cultural Change and Conflict in the Coastal and Small Island Community in Indonesia

Social change and conflict are an integral part of any society, including coastal and small island communities in Indonesia. Therefore, doing research on social change and conflict in these communities is very important. As a tribute to the late Prof. Tjondronegoro, this study analyzes briefly the role of Prof. Tjondronegoro in the study of social change in rural Indonesia. This study also analyzes socio-cultural changes, especially identity and sources of the changes, and social conflict in the coastal and small island communities. This is a qualitative study, conducted by examining relevant literatures. The study shows that the late Prof. Tjondronegoro was a lecturer on social change at graduate programme of IPB who had conducted researches regarding social change. Furthermore, the study indicates that socio-cultural changes have taken place in the coastal and small island communities due to changes of fishing technology, value system, tourism, mining activities, and government policies. Meanwhile, social conflicts have also taken place, mainly those related to access to livelihood sources. Thus, it can be concluded that the late Prof. Tjondronegoro played an important role in the development of research on socio-cultural change in rural Indonesia. Moreover, the coastal and small island communities in Indonesia have undergone social changes and conflict.Perubahan sosial dan konflik merupakan bagian tak terpisahkan dari setiap masyarakat, termasuk komunitas pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil di Indonesia. Dengan demikian, maka kajian tentang perubahan dan konflik sosial pada komunitas pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil ini penting. Sebagai sebuah tribute untuk Prof. Tjondronegoro, tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji secara singkat peran Prof. Tjondronegoro dalam pengembangan ilmu dan riset perubahan sosial di pedesaan Indonesia. Tujuan berikutnya adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan sosial budaya, utamanya identitas dan sumber perubahan, serta konflik sosial pada komunitas pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif, yang dilakukan dengan mengkaji literatur. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Prof. Tjondronegoro berperan sebagai pengajar mata kuliah Perubahan Sosial di Sekolah Pascasarjana IPB dan melakukan riset-riset perubahan sosial di pedesaan. Selanjutnya, komunitas pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil di Indonesia telah mengalami perubahan struktur sosial akibat perkembangan teknologi penangkapan, pergeseran nilai budaya, pariwisata, usaha tambang, dan kebijakan pemerintah. Sementara itu, konflik sosial juga terjadi pada komunitas pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil, umumnya menyangkut akses terhadaap sumber livelihood mereka. Disimpulkan bahwa Prof. Tjondronegoro berperan penting dalam pengembangan studi dan riset perubahan sosial pedesaan, serta telah terjadi perubahan dan konflik sosial pada komunitas pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil

Mining and Structural Poverty of Islet Community (a Case Study of Community Sarakaman, Kotabaru, South Kalimantan)

This research was conducted in the village of Sarakaman, District of Sebuku Island, Kotabaru, South Kalimantan. There are two mining industry corporations in Sebuku Island. They are PT Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku (PT BCS) and PT Sebuku Iron Lateritic Ores (PT SILO). PT BCS was established since 1997 and PT SILO was established 2004. In 2010 PT BCS and PT SILO expand the exploitation area in Sarakaman. Sarakaman community was the subject of this research. The purpose of this research were: (1) To analyze the process of mining industrialization in Sebuku Island and (2) To analyze the dynamics of the community poverty as the impact of mining industrialization in Sebuku Island. The data were collected through participant observation, indepth interviews, focus group discussions, the study of literature/documents and participation in community activities. This research concluded: (1) permits of mining industry corporations given by local government without local communities agreement, (2) compensation of land acquisition and residential communities conducted by mining industry corporations was fairly large, but not comparable to the community socio-economic sustainability, (3) Acquisition of land and residential communities by mining industry corporations reduce the accessibility of resources agrarian society, (4) in limited of agrarian resource access, the community survive with their livelihood strategies, (5) environmental damage as the effect of the mining industry activities make difficult the activity and subsistence of communities

Hubungan Tingkat Partisipasi dengan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Wisata Pesisir

Abstrak Berdasarkan UU No. 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan, Pariwisata adalah macam-macam kegiatan wisata dan didukung berbagai fasilitas serta layanan yang disediakan oleh masyarakat, pengusaha, pemerintah, dan pemerintah daerah. Salah satu kawasan pariwisata yang dimiliki Indonesia adalah wilayah pesisir. Pengembangan kawasan wisata dapat dilakukan melalui partisipasi aktif masyarakat dalam rangka menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan baru dan menyejahterakan masyarakat.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara tingkat partisipasi dengan tingkat kesejahteraan anggota Pokdarwis Baron Indah dalam pengembangan kawasan wisata Pantai Baron. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui kuesioner dan data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam menggunakan panduan wawancara serta observasi lapang. Teknik dalam penentuan responden penelitian menggunakan cluster accidental sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar anggota Pokdarwis Baron Indah berada pada tingkat partisipasi sedang. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif yang signifikan antara tingkat partisipasi dengan tingkat kesejahteraan. AbstractBased on Law No. 10 of 2009 concerning tourism, tourism is defined as a variety of tourism activities and supported by various facilities and services provided by the community, entrepreneurs, government, and local governments. One of the tourism areas that Indonesia has is a coastal region. The development of tourism areas can be done through active community participation in order to create new jobs and improve the welfare of the community. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the level of participation with the level of welfare of members of Pokdarwis Baron Indah in the development of the Baron Beach tourism area. The method used is a quantitative approach and supported by qualitative data. Quantitative data obtained through questionnaires and qualitative data obtained through in-depth interviews using interview guides and field observations. Respondents were selected by “accidental sampling cluster” method. The results showed that the level of participation of most of the Pokdarwis Baron Indah members fall within the medium category. This study also shows that the level of participation and the level of welfare of Pokdarwis members are positively and significantly correlated

Analisis Sejarah dan Pendekatan Sentralisasi dalam Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Bali Barat

Tata kelola sumber daya terutama konservasi di bawah kontrol pemerintah alam kawasan masih berada pusat pemerintah daerah (provinsi dan kabupaten) juga memiliki peran/kewenangan tertentu di era , meskipun desentralisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sejarah Taman Nasional Bali Barat (TNBB) dan pengelolaannya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa TNBB berasal dari kawasan suaka margasatwa dan pengelolaannya di bawah kewenangan Kementerian Kehutanan di pusat. Di era desentralisasi, pemerintah daerah (provinsi dan kabupaten) memiliki peran seperti dalam perencanaan . masyarakat emanfaat an taman nasional Pada era ini pula dapat m k sumber daya pariwisata dan tersedianya zona tradisional bagi nelayan. Bagi nelayan, melalui pengembangan zonasi 2010 lebih baik daripada zonasi sebelumnya

STRUKTUR SOSIAL, STRATEGI NAFKAH, DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN NELAYAN PASCA REKLAMASI TELUK JAKARTA

Reclamation can be a source of social changes in fishing communities. This study aims to analyze the social structure, strategies for earning a living, and the level of welfare of the fishing community in Cilincing Fishers’ Village, North Jakarta during the post-reclamation period. The research was conducted using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were obtained by distributing questionnaires and then processed using the Paired-Sample T-test and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranking Test. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews with informants. The results showed that the social structure of fishers in Cilincing remained the same before and after reclamation. In terms of the social associative process, there are significant differences between before and after reclamation. After-reclamation, there has been an increase in various togetherness activities such as cooperation, mutual assistance, and deliberation. In terms of livelihood strategies, some fishers have experienced changes after reclamation, for example by doing side jobs. From the welfare level, both catch and income experienced a significant decline. Keywords: fishers, livelihood strategy, reclamation, social structure, welfare

Cantrang and Poverty Fisherman in Tegal, Central Java

The sea territorial of Tegal City are known to have abundant fishery resources, but fisherman poverty still occurs. The low welfare of fisherman is suspected due to the competition of catching areas and the use of trap fishing tools of cantrang type (seine nets) that can cause poverty of fishermen in Tegal City coastal. In addition, cantrang fishing tools alsi damage other fishing gear such as jarng, pancing, and arad. This study aims to analyze the poverty of fishermen community and known the influence of firsherman cantrang to poverty of fishermen in Tegal City. The research method used is survey method. Poverty analysis of fishermen using poverty line approach through 14 indicators of household poverty, and to known the influence of fisherman cantrang to poverty of fisherman using descriptive analysis approach. The result of the research by using the measurement of poverty line, shows that which include in the group of poor fisherman is fishing rod fisherman. However, based on the measurement of 14 indicantors of poor households, small fishermen who live in Tegal City coastal categorized as less prosperous family. The results also show that the existence of cantrang fisherman not affect the poverty of fishermen because of different fishing areas, cantrang fisherman fishing in  Sumatra and Kalimantan sea while small fishermen do catching around the sea of Tegal City.

Mining and Structural Poverty of Islet Community (A Case Study of Community Sarakaman, Kotabaru, South Kalimantan)

This research was conducted in the village of Sarakaman, District of Sebuku Island, Kotabaru, South Kalimantan. There are two mining industry corporations in Sebuku Island. They are PT Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku (PT BCS) and PT Sebuku Iron Lateritic Ores (PT SILO). PT BCS was established since 1997 and PT SILO was established 2004. In 2010 PT BCS and PT SILO expand the exploitation area in Sarakaman. Sarakaman community was the subject of this research. The purpose of this research were: (1) To analyze the process of mining industrialization in Sebuku Island and (2) To analyze the dynamics of the community poverty as the impact of mining industrialization in Sebuku Island. The data were collected through participant observation, indepth interviews, focus group discussions, the study of literature/documents and participation in community activities. This research concluded: (1) permits of mining industry corporations given by local government without local communities agreement, (2) compensation of land acquisition and residential communities conducted by mining industry corporations was fairly large, but not comparable to the community socio-economic sustainability, (3) Acquisition of land and residential communities by mining industry corporations reduce the accessibility of resources agrarian society, (4) in limited of agrarian resource access, the community survive with their livelihood strategies, (5) environmental damage as the effect of the mining industry activities make difficult the activity and subsistence of communities. Key words: accessibility, islet community, mining industrialization, structural povert