Competitive adsorption law of multi-component gases during CO2 displacement of CH4 in coal seams

The CO2 enhanced coal bed methane recovery technology provides an excellent way to mitigate the greenhouse effect and energy crisis. The features and mechanism of CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption in the coal rock matrix have a critical impact on the production of CBM. For CO2/CH4 competitive adsorption process components and pressure changes, a multi-component gases competitive adsorption experiment was carried out with CO2 and CH4 binary gases as the study objects, and a multi-component adsorption model was developed by the expanded Langmuir equation. Based on the principles of molecular dynamics and thermodynamics, important parameters such as the average free range of gas molecules and adsorption potential are introduced to explain the competitive adsorption behavior from multiple perspectives and explore the competitive adsorption law of CH4 and CO2 under multiple component conditions, so as to provide some theoretical basis and field guidance for improving the extraction effect of CH4 in coal seams. The results show that: Under two critical conditions (100%CO2 +0%CH4 and 0%CO2 +100%CH4), the Langmuir volumes of CO2 for HN 1/3 coking coal and HL weakly caking coal respectively are 2.21 and 3.01 times higher than those of CH4; the overall adsorption capacity of binary gas is in between the adsorption capacities of both critical conditions and increases with increasing CO2 concentration in the gas source ratio; using E-L equation for binary gas component partitioning, the CH4 partition curves were all below CO2, the concentration of free-phase CH4 was always higher than that in the adsorbed phase, and coal samples had stronger adsorption ability for CO2 than CH4. CO2 has a stronger adsorption potential at the surface for HL weakly caking coal. CH4 has a slightly stronger adsorption potential at the surface for HN 1/3 coking coal. The higher coalification degree of the coal sample, the stronger the adsorption ability for CH4 and the weaker the adsorption ability for CO2. The slope of the overall adsorption curve of multi-component gases is analogous to the slope of the component with a high ratio of gas or strong adsorption capacity; the capacity of one-component adsorption for dual gas is closely related to the partial pressure of the free-phase gas and the separation factor α21. When the concentration ratio of CH4/CO2 in free phase is y2/y1 =α21, the concentration of both gases in adsorption phase is 50%, and α21 correlation is weakened, then the free phase gas partial pressure is dominant and there is a threshold value makes CH4 and CO2 adsorption capacity equal; when y2/y1 α21, the coal preferentially adsorbs CH4 in the binary gas

Bioconversion of duck blood cell: process optimization of hydrolytic conditions and peptide hydrolysate characterization

Abstract Background As the protein-laden by-product, red blood cells (RBCs) from poultry blood is a potential source of protein used as food and feed ingredient. However, RBC was currently underutilized. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop feasible and cost-effective methods for converting poultry waste into nutritional and functional products. Results To take full advantage of this poultry waste, peptide hydrolysate was produced by deep controllable bioconversion of RBC, by means of synergistic combination of neutrase and flavourzyme. In this work, the functional properties and antioxidant activity of peptide hydrolysate were also characterized. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was optimized using response surface methodology, and optimal hydrolysis conditions were found to be: temperature 51 °C, substrate concentration 14% (w/v), initial pH 7.0, and time 7.5 h. The red blood cell hydrolysate (RBCH) obtained not only possessed plentiful small peptides ( 80%), emulsifying and foaming properties, RBCH also exhibited notable antioxidant activities, such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl− 1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity (IC50, 4.16 mg/mL), reducing power, metal chelating ability and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Conclusions RBCH enriched in small peptides has the potential to be a new food additive with outstanding functional and antioxidant properties, and a process was established for converting poultry waste into peptide hydrolysate using neutrase and flavourzyme

CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large international scientific facility proposed by the Chinese particle physics community to explore the Higgs boson and provide critical tests of the underlying fundamental physics principles of the Standard Model that might reveal new physics. The CEPC, to be hosted in China in a circular underground tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference, is designed to operate as a Higgs factory producing electron-positron collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. The collider will also operate at around 91.2 GeV, as a Z factory, and at the WW production threshold (around 160 GeV). The CEPC will produce close to one trillion Z bosons, 100 million W bosons and over one million Higgs bosons. The vast amount of bottom quarks, charm quarks and tau-leptons produced in the decays of the Z bosons also makes the CEPC an effective B-factory and tau-charm factory. The CEPC will have two interaction points where two large detectors will be located. This document is the second volume of the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). It presents the physics case for the CEPC, describes conceptual designs of possible detectors and their technological options, highlights the expected detector and physics performance, and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics investigations. The final CEPC detectors will be proposed and built by international collaborations but they are likely to be composed of the detector technologies included in the conceptual designs described in this document. A separate volume, Volume I, recently released, describes the design of the CEPC accelerator complex, its associated civil engineering, and strategic alternative scenarios

CEPC Conceptual Design Report: Volume 2 - Physics & Detector

The Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) is a large international scientific facility proposed by the Chinese particle physics community to explore the Higgs boson and provide critical tests of the underlying fundamental physics principles of the Standard Model that might reveal new physics. The CEPC, to be hosted in China in a circular underground tunnel of approximately 100 km in circumference, is designed to operate as a Higgs factory producing electron-positron collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 240 GeV. The collider will also operate at around 91.2 GeV, as a Z factory, and at the WW production threshold (around 160 GeV). The CEPC will produce close to one trillion Z bosons, 100 million W bosons and over one million Higgs bosons. The vast amount of bottom quarks, charm quarks and tau-leptons produced in the decays of the Z bosons also makes the CEPC an effective B-factory and tau-charm factory. The CEPC will have two interaction points where two large detectors will be located. This document is the second volume of the CEPC Conceptual Design Report (CDR). It presents the physics case for the CEPC, describes conceptual designs of possible detectors and their technological options, highlights the expected detector and physics performance, and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics investigations. The final CEPC detectors will be proposed and built by international collaborations but they are likely to be composed of the detector technologies included in the conceptual designs described in this document. A separate volume, Volume I, recently released, describes the design of the CEPC accelerator complex, its associated civil engineering, and strategic alternative scenarios