Mediterranean swordfish (Xiphias gladius Linnaeus, 1758) population structure revealed by microsatellite DNA: genetic diversity masked by population mixing in shared areas

Background The Mediterranean swordfish stock is overfished and considered not correctly managed. Elucidating the patterns of the Mediterranean swordfish population structure constitutes an essential prerequisite for effective management of this fishery resource. To date, few studies have investigated intra-Mediterranean swordfish population structure, and their conclusions are controversial. Methods A panel of 20 microsatellites DNA was used to investigate fine-scale population structuring of swordfish from six main fishing areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Results This study provides evidence to reject the hypothesis of a single swordfish population within the Mediterranean Sea. DAPC analysis revealed the presence of three genetic clusters and a high level of admixture within the Mediterranean Sea. Genetic structure was supported by significant FST values while mixing was endorsed by the heterozygosity deficit observed in sampling localities indicative of a possible Wahlund effect, by sampling admixture individuals. Overall, our tests reject the hypothesis of a single swordfish population within the Mediterranean Sea. Homing towards the Mediterranean breeding areas may have generated a weak degree of genetic differentiation between populations even at the intra-basin scale

O ENSINO DO JOGO DE CAÇADOR QUADRIBOL COMO ATIVIDADE INTERDISCIPLINAR: UMA PROPOSTA DE INTERVENÇÃO POR MEIO DO PIBID: UMA PROPOSTA DE INTERVENÇÃO POR MEIO DO PIBID

O Quadribol é um esporte fictício jogado sobre vassouras na saga Harry Potter, que adaptado como um jogo de queimada desenvolve capacidades motoras como o arremesso, esquiva, direção e lateralidade. O Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência, Pibid, desenvolve suas atividades no CERT, com o intuito de oportunizar múltiplas experiências aos acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física bem como alternativas de aprendizagem para os escolares. O jogo de Caçador Quadribol tem como objetivo promover a vivência interdisciplinar e desenvolver a coordenação motora ampla, espírito competitivo e socialização. A intervenção foi desenvolvida durante seis aulas a escolares de 4º e 5 º anos do ensino fundamental (98 alunos) e aplicado na quadra de esportes dividida por uma linha central e duas linhas de fundo onde quatro arcos ficam dispostos. Cada equipe, com a posse de uma bola, arremessa contra os adversários, resultando em “queimas” de jogadores. Um integrante ao ser “queimado” deve ir ao lado oposto de sua quadra e ficar em posse de um arco acima da cabeça, até ser salvo (bola lançada por entre o arco). O jogo termina quando uma das equipes tem apenas três jogadores em quadra. O desenvolvimento de projetos favorece a evolução das habilidades motoras e a mudança da perspectiva dos alunos sobre companheirismo e união. Para os bolsistas do Pibid, proporcionou oportunidade ímpar de materialização aos aprendizados e ensinamentos, colocando-os em contato com a docência e preparando-os para o exercício da futura profissão

X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Down-Modulates Expression and Immunogenicity of Codelivered Antigens

In order to increase the immune breadth of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines, strategies such as immunization with several HIV antigens or centralized immunogens have been examined. HIV-1 gp120 protein is a major immunogen of HIV and has been routinely considered for inclusion in both present and future AIDS vaccines. However, recent studies proposed that gp120 interferes with the generation of immune response to codelivered antigens. Here, we investigate whether coimmunization with plasmid-encoded gp120 alters the immune response to other coadministered plasmid encoded antigens such as luciferase or ovalbumin in a mouse model. We found that the presence of gp120 leads to a significant reduction in the expression level of the codelivered antigen in vivo. Antigen presentation by antigen-presenting cells was also reduced and resulted in the induction of weak antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. Importantly, gp120-mediated immune interference was observed after administration of the plasmids at the same or at distinct locations. To characterize the region in gp120 mediating these effects, we used plasmid constructs encoding gp120 that lacks the V1V2 loops (­ ΔV1V2) or the V3 loop (ΔV3). After immunization, the ΔV1V2, but not the ΔV3 construct, was able to reduce antigen expression, antigen presentation, and subsequently the immunogenicity of the codelivered antigen. The V3 loop dependence of this phenomenon seems to be limited to V3 loops known to interact with the CXCR4 molecule but not with CCR5. Our study presents a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 gp120 interferes with the immune response against coadministered antigen in a polyvalent vaccine preparation