Terrorismo parental: cuando los padres atentan contra sus hijos

La experiencia clínica en el ámbito de la asistencia en salud mental infantil suele mostrar como el sufrimiento emocional de los niños está indisociablemente vinculado a ciertas dificultades relacionales con sus figuras de apego. Pero, en no pocas ocasiones, quizás imbuidos por un modelo implícito de enfermedad mental de corte biomédico, o impelidos por las circunstancias familiares y/o administrativas, los profesionales acaban tratando únicamente al niño.Se deja entonces, de lado la situación familiar, que es la que genera y nutre las manifestaciones sintomáticas que motivan la consulta

Linear maps as sufficient criteria for entanglement depth and compatibility in many-body systems

Physical transformations are described by linear maps that are completely positive and trace preserving (CPTP). However, maps that are positive (P) but not completely positive (CP) are instrumental to derive separability/entanglement criteria. Moreover, the properties of such maps can be linked to entanglement properties of the states they detect. Here, we extend the results presented in [Phys. Rev A 93, 042335 (2016)], where sufficient separability criteria for bipartite systems were derived. In particular, we analyze the entanglement depth of an $N$-qubit system by proposing linear maps that, when applied to any state, result in a bi-separable state for the $1:(N-1)$ partitions, i.e., $(N-1)$-entanglement depth. Furthermore, we derive criteria to detect arbitrary $(N-n)$-entanglement depth tailored to states in close vicinity of the completely depolarized state (the normalized identity matrix). We also provide separability (or $1$- entanglement depth) conditions in the symmetric sector, including for diagonal states. Finally, we suggest how similar map techniques can be used to derive sufficient conditions for a set of expectation values to be compatible with separable states or local-hidden-variable theories. We dedicate this paper to the memory of the late Andrzej Kossakowski, our spiritual and intellectual mentor in the field of linear maps.Comment: 11 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1512.0827

Los malestares psicológicos en la sociedad del bienestar

En nuestra sociedad, y a pesar de los notables avances en el estado de bienestar, muchas personas se sienten enfermas y trastornadas ante los vaivenes de la vida. El infortunio cotidiano tiene hoy día rango de enfermedad, muchas veces de enfermedad mental. De ahí, el notable aumento de las consultas en los diferentes dispositivos sanitarios de todo tipo. El consumo, la tecno-ciencia y el individualismo, los tres sistemas a través de los cuales tratamos de alcanzar la felicidad en la actualidad, influyen en la forma en la que experimentamos las adversidades de la vida. A su vez, los medios de comunicación, la industria farmacéutica, los profesionales y los pacientes son los agentes implicados en lo que se ha dado en llamar la medicalización de la existencia. La conclusión es que las personas experimentan como enfermedades las contradicciones propias del sistema social

Propuesta de especificadores diagnósticos vinculados al estrés y el trauma : una aportación a la nosología psicopatológica

Considerable empirical evidence is now available to show that many psychopathological conditions are influenced by stress and/or traumas. However, the diagnostic manuals of the DSM and ICD sys-tems do not always allow us to establish this relation in a precise and adequate way. Starting from working definitions of stress and trauma, we propose a series of diagnostic specifiers which can be included in the I axis of these diagnostic systems. The proposed specifiers are: 1) stress specifiers: when a disorder is linked to acute stress, chronic stress or trauma and 2) specifiers of factors associ-ated with stress: predisposition, trigger factors or maintenance. The use of these specifiers would im-prove diagnostic accuracy, disclose more information regarding the relations between stress and psy-chopathology and would be beneficial in terms of patient therapy. En la actualidad poseemos numerosa evidencia empiríca que demuestra que muchos cuadros psicopatológicos están influidos por el estrés y/o los traumas. Sin embargo, los manuales de diagnóstico de los sistemas DSM y CIÉ no siempre permiten establecer esta relación de un modo adecuado y preciso. A partir de una definición operativa de los conceptos de estrés y trauma se proponen una serie de especificadores que podrían ser incluidos en el eje I de estos sistemas diagnósticos. Los especificadores propuestos son: í) especificadores del estrés: cuando un trastorno se vincula con estrés agudo, crónico, o a un trauma y 2) especifícadores de factores asociados al estrés: como factor predisponente, desencadenante o de mantenimiento. El uso de estos especificadores mejoraría la precisión diagnóstica, permitiría disponer de más datos sobre las relaciones entre estrés y psicopatologia, y resultaría beneficioso para la terapéutica de los pacientes

Efficient bioactive oligonucleotide-protein conjugation for cell-targeted cancer therapy

Oligonucleotide-protein conjugates have important applications in biomedicine. Simple and efficient methods are described for the preparation of these conjugates. Specifically, we describe a new method in which a bifunctional linker is attached to thiol-oligonucleotide to generate a reactive intermediate that is used to link to the protein. Having similar conjugation efficacy compared with the classical method in which the bifunctional linker is attached first to the protein, this new approach produces significantly more active conjugates with higher batch to batch reproducibility. In a second approach, direct conjugation is proposed using oligonucleotides carrying carboxyl groups. These methodologies have been applied to prepare nanoconjugates of an engineered nanoparticle protein carrying a T22 peptide with affinity for the CXCR4 chemokine receptor and oligomers of the antiproliferative nucleotide 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in a very efficient way. The protocols have potential uses for the functionalization of proteins, amino-containing polymers or amino-lipids in order to produce complex therapeutic nucleic acid delivery system

Aberrant DNA methylation in non-small cell lung cancer-associated fibroblasts

Epigenetic changes through altered DNA methylation have been implicated in critical aspects of tumor progression, and have been extensively studied in a variety of cancer types. In contrast, our current knowledge of the aberrant genomic DNA methylation in tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) or other stromal cells that act as critical coconspirators of tumor progression is very scarce. To address this gap of knowledge, we conducted genome-wide DNA methylation profiling on lung TAFs and paired control fibroblasts (CFs) from non-small cell lung cancer patients using the HumanMethylation450 microarray. We found widespread DNA hypomethylation concomitant with focal gain of DNA methylation in TAFs compared to CFs. The aberrant DNA methylation landscape of TAFs had a global impact on gene expression and a selective impact on the TGF-β pathway. The latter included promoter hypermethylation-associated SMAD3 silencing, which was associated with hyperresponsiveness to exogenous TGF-β1 in terms of contractility and extracellular matrix deposition. In turn, activation of CFs with exogenous TGF-β1 partially mimicked the epigenetic alterations observed in TAFs, suggesting that TGF-β1 may be necessary but not sufficient to elicit such alterations. Moreover, integrated pathway-enrichment analyses of the DNA methylation alterations revealed that a fraction of TAFs may be bone marrow-derived fibrocytes. Finally, survival analyses using DNA methylation and gene expression datasets identified aberrant DNA methylation on the EDARADD promoter sequence as a prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Our findings shed light on the unique origin and molecular alterations underlying the aberrant phenotype of lung TAFs, and identify a stromal biomarker with potential clinical relevance

ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism has a mild influence on the acute development of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We evaluated the associations among angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, ACE activity and post-myocardial infarction (MI) left ventricular dysfunction and acute heart failure (AHF) early after presentation with MI with ST-segment elevation (STEMI).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 556 patients with STEMI treated by primary PCI (421 patients without AHF and 135 patients with AHF) were the study population. The activity of BNP, NT-ProBNP and ACE were measured at hospital admission and 24 h after MI onset. Left ventricular angiography was done before PCI; echocardiography was undertaken between the third and fifth day after MI.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In comparison with the II genotypes group, the DD/ID group had a higher level of ACE activity upon hospital admission (p < 0.001). We found a significantly higher level of ACE activity in patients with moderate LV dysfunction (EF 40-54%) in comparison both with patients with preserved LV function (EF ≥55%) and with patients with severe LV dysfunction (p = 0.028). A non-significant trend towards a higher incidence of mild AHF (22.1% vs. 16.02%, p = 0,093), a significantly higher value of end-systolic volume (ESV/BSA) (30.0 ± 12.3 vs. 28.5 ± 13.0; p < 0.05) and lower EF (50.2 ± 11.1 vs. 52.7 ± 11.7; p < 0.05) in the DD/ID genotypes group was noted. Even after multiple adjustments according to multivariate models, the EF for the DD/ID group remained significantly lower (p = 0,033). The DD/ID genotypes were associated with a significantly higher risk of EF <45% (OR 2.04 [95% CI 1.28; 3.25]).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggest that the I/D polymorphism of ACE is associated with the development of LV dysfunction in the acute phase after STEMI. We demonstrated for the first time an association of the low ACE activity with the severe LV dysfunction, although patients with moderate LV dysfunction had higher level ACE activity than patients with preserved LV function.</p