Evaluation of materials characteristics exploiting static and dynamical tests

Projekt vypracovaný v rámci inženýrského studia oboru M-STG popisuje charakteristiky plastičnosti nežíhaných materiálů E 235, E 190 a E 220 získané statickými a dynamickými zkouškami. Na základě literární studie byl proveden průzkum současného stavu experimentálních metod za vysokých rychlostí deformace. U materiálů byl určen Holomonovou aproximací tuho-plastický materiálový model bez zpevnění. Byl proveden silový rozbor stroje Unison MG 2790 pro ohyb navíjením a ohyb s tlakovou silou s uvážením zjištěného materiálového modelu. Byl popsán vliv pasivních a aktivních sil na posun neutrální osy.The project elaborated in frame of engineering studies branch M-STG describe characteristics of plasticity of non-anneal materials E 235, E 190 and E 220. Materials characteristic was receive by static and dynamical tests. Based on the literature study it was conducted survey of the current state of experimental techniques for high-speed deformation. The materials were designed by Holomon approximation of rigid-plastic material model without hardening. It was conducted force analyses for machine Unison MG 2790 for rewind bending and bend with compressive force considering the identified material model. It was describe the impact passive and active forces to move the neutral axis.

Eine Prozess‐ und Wirkungsevaluation polizeilicher Konzepte zum Umgang mit jungen Mehrfach‐/Intensivtätern in NRW

Junge Mehrfach- und Intensivtäter (jMIT) gelten als eine Personengruppe, die eine besondere kriminalpolitische Herausforderung darstellt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die vergleichende Evaluation der unterschiedlichen Konzepte mehrerer Kreispolizeibehörden (KPB) in Nordrhein-Westfalen zum Umgang mit jMIT. Hierzu wurden unter Berücksichtigung verschiedener Aspekte wie Struktur der Polizeibezirke/Behörden, Höhe der Mehrfachtatverdächtigenbelastungszahl (MTVBZ) sowie spezifischen konzeptuellen Besonderheiten vier Kreispolizeibehörden (KPB Bochum, KPB Mönchengladbach, KPB Warendorf und KPB Wuppertal) ausgewählt. Die Untersuchung gliedert sich grob in eine Prozessevaluation, in welcher die praktische Umsetzung der Konzepte im Vordergrund steht, und eine Wirkungsevaluation, die v.a. zur Analyse der Wirksamkeit dieser praktischen Umsetzung dient

Molecular Interactions between Prions as Seeds and Recombinant Prion Proteins as Substrates Resemble the Biological Interspecies Barrier In Vitro

Prion diseases like Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, Scrapie in sheep or bovine spongiform encephalopathy are fatal neurodegenerative diseases, which can be of sporadic, genetic, or infectious origin. Prion diseases are transmissible between different species, however, with a variable species barrier. The key event of prion amplification is the conversion of the cellular isoform of the prion protein (PrPC) into the pathogenic isoform (PrPSc). We developed a sodiumdodecylsulfate-based PrP conversion system that induces amyloid fibril formation from soluble α-helical structured recombinant PrP (recPrP). This approach was extended applying pre-purified PrPSc as seeds which accelerate fibrillization of recPrP. In the present study we investigated the interspecies coherence of prion disease. Therefore we used PrPSc from different species like Syrian hamster, cattle, mouse and sheep and seeded fibrillization of recPrP from the same or other species to mimic in vitro the natural species barrier. We could show that the in vitro system of seeded fibrillization is in accordance with what is known from the naturally occurring species barriers

Detection of Prion Protein Particles in Blood Plasma of Scrapie Infected Sheep

Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals. The agent of the disease is the prion consisting mainly, if not solely, of a misfolded and aggregated isoform of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP). Transmission of prions can occur naturally but also accidentally, e.g. by blood transfusion, which has raised serious concerns about blood product safety and emphasized the need for a reliable diagnostic test. In this report we present a method based on surface-FIDA (fluorescence intensity distribution analysis), that exploits the high state of molecular aggregation of PrP as an unequivocal diagnostic marker of the disease, and show that it can detect infection in blood. To prepare PrP aggregates from blood plasma we introduced a detergent and lipase treatment to separate PrP from blood lipophilic components. Prion protein aggregates were subsequently precipitated by phosphotungstic acid, immobilized on a glass surface by covalently bound capture antibodies, and finally labeled with fluorescent antibody probes. Individual PrP aggregates were visualized by laser scanning microscopy where signal intensity was proportional to aggregate size. After signal processing to remove the background from low fluorescence particles, fluorescence intensities of all remaining PrP particles were summed. We detected PrP aggregates in plasma samples from six out of ten scrapie-positive sheep with no false positives from uninfected sheep. Applying simultaneous intensity and size discrimination, ten out of ten samples from scrapie sheep could be differentiated from uninfected sheep. The implications for ante mortem diagnosis of prion diseases are discussed

Expanding of tube ends

The project is elaborated within frame of bachelor´s studies of branch B2341-3. The project is submitting a summary of methods used for expanding of tube ends. In the first part on the basis of the studies of this problem there was created a set of methods which are used for expanding of tube ends. These methods are divided into three elementary parts according to the technology of production. Next part of this project describes modern methods in use. It is namely expanding of tube ends by radial jaws and method of expanded and towards the end renarrowing figures on the tube ends. In conclusion of this thesis there is treatise on quality checking of expanded tube ends and leakage test

Development of a testbed for systems of intelligent load carriers

Im Rahmen dieses Artikels werden aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten zum Einsatz von Energy-Harvesting und Ultra-Low-Power-Geräten in Materialflusssystemen beschrieben. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird auf die inBin-Plattform, das Energy-Harvesting und deren Auswirkungen auf die Leistungsverfügbarkeit gelegt. Dazu werden die Hardwareplattform und Architektur der inBin-Plattform sowie der Aufbau eines Versuchsfelds detailliert erläutert. Des Weiteren wird ein Ansatz zur Modellierung und Simulation von Systemen mit einer großen Anzahl von inBin-Plattformen vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden die Ergebnisse zweier simulierter Szenarien und mögliche Folgen für die Planung zukünftiger Materialflusssysteme betrachtet.This paper provides a description and analysis of research in material handling systems in regard to energy-harvesting, ultra-low-power devices. Particular attention is paid to the inBin smart device, energy-harvesting, and the performance availability of material handling systems. A detailed description of the hardware platform, architecture and testbed is provided and an approach to model systems with a large number of devices is presented. Within the proposed model, two scenarios are simulated and their implications for the architecture of future materials handling systems are discussed

Seeded Fibrillation as Molecular Basis of the Species Barrier in Human Prion Diseases

Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in humans and animals, including scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. The hallmark of prion diseases is the conversion of the host-encoded prion protein (PrPC) to its pathological isoform PrPSc, which is accompanied by PrP fibrillation. Transmission is not restricted within one species, but can also occur between species. In some cases a species barrier can be observed that results in limited or unsuccessful transmission. The mechanism behind interspecies transmissibility or species barriers is not completely understood. To analyse this process at a molecular level, we previously established an in vitro fibrillation assay, in which recombinant PrP (recPrP) as substrate can be specifically seeded by PrPSc as seed. Seeding with purified components, with no additional cellular components, is a direct consequence of the “prion-protein-only” hypothesis. We therefore hypothesise, that the species barrier is based on the interaction of PrPC and PrPSc. Whereas in our earlier studies, the interspecies transmission in animal systems was analysed, the focus of this study lies on the transmission from animals to humans. We therefore combined seeds from species cattle, sheep and deer (BSE, scrapie, CWD) with human recPrP. Homologous seeding served as a control. Our results are consistent with epidemiology, other in vitro aggregation studies, and bioassays investigating the transmission between humans, cattle, sheep, and deer. In contrast to CJD and BSE seeds, which show a seeding activity we can demonstrate a species barrier for seeds from scrapie and CWD in vitro. We could show that the seeding activity and therewith the molecular interaction of PrP as substrate and PrPSc as seed is sufficient to explain the phenomenon of species barriers. Therefore our data supports the hypothesis that CWD is not transmissible to humans

Early Decompression (< 8 h) after Traumatic Cervical Spinal Cord Injury Improves Functional Outcome as Assessed by Spinal Cord Independence Measure after One Year

There is an ongoing controversy about the optimal timing for surgical decompression after acute traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI). For this reason, we performed a retrospective study of patients who were operated on after traumatic cervical SCI at the Trauma Center Murnau, Germany, and who met inclusion as well as exclusion criteria (n = 70 patients). Follow-up data were collected prospectively according to the European Multicenter Study about Spinal Cord Injury (EMSCI) protocol over a period of 1 year. Early decompression was defined as within the first 8 h after the insult (n = 35 patients). Primary outcome was the difference in the SCIM (Spinal Cord Independence Measure) 1 year after the trauma. After the follow-up period, patients who were decompressed earlier had a significantly higher SCIM difference (45.8 vs. 27.1, p < 0.005). A regression analysis showed that timing of decompression, age, as well as basal AIS (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) and basal SCIM scores were independent predictors for a better functional outcome (SCIM). Further, patients from the early decompression group had better AIS grades (p < 0.006) and a higher AIS conversion rate (p < 0.029). Additionally, this cohort also had a better total motor performance as well as upper extremity motor function after 1 year (p < 0.025 and p < 0.002). The motor and neurological levels of patients who were operated on within 8 h were significantly more caudal (p < 0.003 and p < 0.014) after 1 year. The present study suggests that early decompression after traumatic cervical SCI might have a positive impact on the functional and neurological outcome of affected individuals