Influencia del momento de poda del duraznero (Prunus persica L. Batsch) sobre la dinámica de las principales enfermedades

The cultivation of peach trees constitutes the fourth agricultural line of the province of Pamplona, Norte de Santander , Colombia however, they are the results of research on plant pathology issues. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of different pruning moments on the seasonal dynamics of the main diseases of the peach tree Prunus persica (L.) Batsch in the municipality of Cacota. To achieve this, plots were taken with three pruning moments of the Gran Jarillo cultivar, evaluating the incidence percentage, severity and the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (ABCPE) of the main foliage and fruit diseases. The lots were evaluated for a period of 11 months, taking into account the environmental conditions of the farm. At the end of the production cycle for each variable, a statistical analysis of comparison of means was performed for unrelated samples according to the Z test (p <0.05). Statistix (V4) and SPSS 23 statistical packages were used. As a result, it was shown that Taphrina deformans mainly affects the leaves and Sphaerotheca pannosa the fruits. The first is evident from the moment the first leaves unfold and reached its maximum incidence between 57 and 99 DDP for pruning in November and March, respectively. S. pannosa obtained its highest incidence (98.76%) at 166 DDP in pruning in November, for this same treatment Monilinia fructicola reached its highest incidence at 260 DDP and only affected fruits in a ripe state.  El cultivo de duraznero constituye el cuarto renglón agrícola de la provincia de Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia, sin embargo, son escasos los resultados de investigación sobre los temas fitopatológicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la influencia de diferentes momentos de poda sobre la dinámica estacional de las principales enfermedades del duraznero Prunus persica L. Batsch en el municipio de Cácota. Para lograrlo, se tomaron parcelas con tres momentos de poda del cultivar Gran Jarillo, evaluándose el porcentaje de incidencia, severidad y el Área Bajo la Curva de Progreso de la Enfermedad (ABCPE) de las principales enfermedades del follaje y de los frutos. Los lotes se evaluaron por un periodo de 11 meses. Al finalizar el ciclo productivo para cada variable se realizó un análisis estadístico de comparación de medias para muestras no relacionadas según la prueba de Z (p<0,05). Se utilizaron los paquetes estadísticos Statistix V4 y SPSS 23. Como resultado se evidenció que Taphrina deformans afecta principalmente las hojas y Sphaerotheca pannosa los frutos. La primera se evidencia desde el momento en que las primeras hojas se despliegan y alcanzó su máxima incidencia entre los 57 y 99 DDP para la poda de noviembre y marzo, respectivamente. S. pannosa obtuvo su mayor incidencia (98,76%) a los 166 DDP en de poda de noviembre, para este mismo tratamiento Monilinia fructicola alcanzó su incidencia más alta a los 260 DDP y solo afectó frutos en estado de maduración

Dolutegravir twice-daily dosing in children with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a pharmacokinetic and safety study within the open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority ODYSSEY trial

Background: Children with HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) have few antiretroviral therapy (ART) options. We aimed to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir twice-daily dosing in children receiving rifampicin for HIV-associated TB. Methods: We nested a two-period, fixed-order pharmacokinetic substudy within the open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority ODYSSEY trial at research centres in South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Children (aged 4 weeks to <18 years) with HIV-associated TB who were receiving rifampicin and twice-daily dolutegravir were eligible for inclusion. We did a 12-h pharmacokinetic profile on rifampicin and twice-daily dolutegravir and a 24-h profile on once-daily dolutegravir. Geometric mean ratios for trough plasma concentration (Ctrough), area under the plasma concentration time curve from 0 h to 24 h after dosing (AUC0–24 h), and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) were used to compare dolutegravir concentrations between substudy days. We assessed rifampicin Cmax on the first substudy day. All children within ODYSSEY with HIV-associated TB who received rifampicin and twice-daily dolutegravir were included in the safety analysis. We described adverse events reported from starting twice-daily dolutegravir to 30 days after returning to once-daily dolutegravir. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02259127), EudraCT (2014–002632-14), and the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN91737921). Findings: Between Sept 20, 2016, and June 28, 2021, 37 children with HIV-associated TB (median age 11·9 years [range 0·4–17·6], 19 [51%] were female and 18 [49%] were male, 36 [97%] in Africa and one [3%] in Thailand) received rifampicin with twice-daily dolutegravir and were included in the safety analysis. 20 (54%) of 37 children enrolled in the pharmacokinetic substudy, 14 of whom contributed at least one evaluable pharmacokinetic curve for dolutegravir, including 12 who had within-participant comparisons. Geometric mean ratios for rifampicin and twice-daily dolutegravir versus once-daily dolutegravir were 1·51 (90% CI 1·08–2·11) for Ctrough, 1·23 (0·99–1·53) for AUC0–24 h, and 0·94 (0·76–1·16) for Cmax. Individual dolutegravir Ctrough concentrations were higher than the 90% effective concentration (ie, 0·32 mg/L) in all children receiving rifampicin and twice-daily dolutegravir. Of 18 children with evaluable rifampicin concentrations, 15 (83%) had a Cmax of less than the optimal target concentration of 8 mg/L. Rifampicin geometric mean Cmax was 5·1 mg/L (coefficient of variation 71%). During a median follow-up of 31 weeks (IQR 30–40), 15 grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred among 11 (30%) of 37 children, ten serious adverse events occurred among eight (22%) children, including two deaths (one tuberculosis-related death, one death due to traumatic injury); no adverse events, including deaths, were considered related to dolutegravir. Interpretation: Twice-daily dolutegravir was shown to be safe and sufficient to overcome the rifampicin enzyme-inducing effect in children, and could provide a practical ART option for children with HIV-associated TB

Neuropsychiatric manifestations and sleep disturbances with dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: a secondary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial

BACKGROUND: Cohort studies in adults with HIV showed that dolutegravir was associated with neuropsychiatric adverse events and sleep problems, yet data are scarce in children and adolescents. We aimed to evaluate neuropsychiatric manifestations in children and adolescents treated with dolutegravir-based treatment versus alternative antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of ODYSSEY, an open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority trial, in which adolescents and children initiating first-line or second-line antiretroviral therapy were randomly assigned 1:1 to dolutegravir-based treatment or standard-of-care treatment. We assessed neuropsychiatric adverse events (reported by clinicians) and responses to the mood and sleep questionnaires (reported by the participant or their carer) in both groups. We compared the proportions of patients with neuropsychiatric adverse events (neurological, psychiatric, and total), time to first neuropsychiatric adverse event, and participant-reported responses to questionnaires capturing issues with mood, suicidal thoughts, and sleep problems. FINDINGS: Between Sept 20, 2016, and June 22, 2018, 707 participants were enrolled, of whom 345 (49%) were female and 362 (51%) were male, and 623 (88%) were Black-African. Of 707 participants, 350 (50%) were randomly assigned to dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy and 357 (50%) to non-dolutegravir-based standard-of-care. 311 (44%) of 707 participants started first-line antiretroviral therapy (ODYSSEY-A; 145 [92%] of 157 participants had efavirenz-based therapy in the standard-of-care group), and 396 (56%) of 707 started second-line therapy (ODYSSEY-B; 195 [98%] of 200 had protease inhibitor-based therapy in the standard-of-care group). During follow-up (median 142 weeks, IQR 124–159), 23 participants had 31 neuropsychiatric adverse events (15 in the dolutegravir group and eight in the standard-of-care group; difference in proportion of participants with ≥1 event p=0·13). 11 participants had one or more neurological events (six and five; p=0·74) and 14 participants had one or more psychiatric events (ten and four; p=0·097). Among 14 participants with psychiatric events, eight participants in the dolutegravir group and four in standard-of-care group had suicidal ideation or behaviour. More participants in the dolutegravir group than the standard-of-care group reported symptoms of self-harm (eight vs one; p=0·025), life not worth living (17 vs five; p=0·0091), or suicidal thoughts (13 vs none; p=0·0006) at one or more follow-up visits. Most reports were transient. There were no differences by treatment group in low mood or feeling sad, problems concentrating, feeling worried or feeling angry or aggressive, sleep problems, or sleep quality. INTERPRETATION: The numbers of neuropsychiatric adverse events and reported neuropsychiatric symptoms were low. However, numerically more participants had psychiatric events and reported suicidality ideation in the dolutegravir group than the standard-of-care group. These differences should be interpreted with caution in an open-label trial. Clinicians and policy makers should consider including suicidality screening of children or adolescents receiving dolutegravir

Influencia del momento de poda del duraznero (Prunus persica L. Batsch) sobre la dinámica de las principales enfermedades

Cultivation of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is the fourth agricultural row of Pamplona province; however, research results on plant pathology issues are scarce. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence DAP (Days after Pruning) on the seasonal dynamics of main diseases of the peach tree in the municipality of Cacota. Plots with three pruning moments of the “Gran Jarillo” cultivar were selected to evaluate the incidence percentage, severity and the AUDPC (Areaunder the Disease Progress Curve) of the main foliage and fruit diseases. Plots were evaluated for an 11-months period, considering the farm environmental conditions. At the end of the production cycle, a statistical analysis of mean comparison was performed for unrelated samples according to the Z test (p <0.05) for each variable. Statistix (V4) and SPSS 23 statistical software were used. Results showed that Taphrina deformans affects mainly leaves and Sphaerotheca pannosa fruits. T. deformans is evident from the moment the first leaves unfold and reached its maximum incidence between 57 and 99 DDP for pruning in November and March, respectively. S. pannosa obtained its highest incidence (98.76%) at 166 DDP in November; for this same treatment Monilinia fructicola reached its highest incidence at 260 DDP and only affected fruits in a ripen state.El cultivo de duraznero (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) constituye el cuarto renglón agrícola de la provincia de Pamplona, Norte de Santander, Colombia; sin embargo, son escasos los resultados de investigaciónsobre los temas fitopatológicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la influencia de DDP (Días Después de la Poda) sobre la dinámica estacional de las principales enfermedades del duraznero en el municipio de Cácota. Para lograrlo, se tomaron parcelas con tres momentos de poda del cultivar “Gran Jarillo”, evaluándose el porcentaje de incidencia, severidad y el ABCPE (Área Bajo la Curva de Progreso de la Enfermedad) de las principales enfermedades del follaje y de los frutos. Los lotes se evaluaron por un periodo de 11 meses. Al finalizar el ciclo productivo para cada variable se realizó un análisis estadístico de comparación de medias para muestras no relacionadas según la prueba de Z (p<0,05). Se utilizaron los paquetes estadísticos Statistix V4 y SPSS 23. Como resultado se evidenció que Taphrina deformans afecta principalmente las hojas y Sphaerotheca pannosa los frutos. La primera se evidencia desde el momento en que las primeras hojas se despliegan y alcanzó su máxima incidencia entre los 57 y 99 DDP para la poda de noviembre y marzo, respectivamente. S. pannosa obtuvo su mayor incidencia (98,76%) a los166 DDP de noviembre, para este mismo tratamientoMonilinia fructicola alcanzó su incidencia más alta a los260 DDP y solo afectó frutos en estado de maduración

Memorias del primer Simposio Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas

Primer simposio nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Memorias del primer Simposio Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas

Primer simposio nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective