2,854 research outputs found
Who\u27s accessing emergency food services?
Introduction:
Last year, Chittenden Emergency Food Shelf provided 1,260,517 pounds of food to over 11,000 people each month via groceries, hot meals and home delivery, supplying an average of almost 40% of food for families.
CEFS seeks to improve their services and offerings by better understanding the demographics, food preference, and needs of the clients they serve.
Our goal was to collect demographic and utilization data to identify areas where CEFS could enhance services and improve client access to healthful food.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1208/thumbnail.jp
Steady azimuthal flow field induced by a rotating sphere near a rigid disk or inside a gap between two coaxially positioned rigid disks
Geometric confinements play an important role in many physical and biological
processes and significantly affect the rheology and behavior of colloidal
suspensions at low Reynolds numbers. On the basis of the linear Stokes
equations, we investigate theoretically and computationally the viscous
azimuthal flow induced by the slow rotation of a small spherical particle
located in the vicinity of a rigid no-slip disk or inside a gap between two
coaxially positioned rigid no-slip disks of the same radius. We formulate the
solution of the hydrodynamic problem as a mixed-boundary-value problem in the
whole fluid domain, which we subsequently transform into a system of dual
integral equations. Near a stationary disk, we show that the resulting integral
equation can be reduced into an elementary Abel integral equation that admits a
unique analytical solution. Between two coaxially positioned stationary disks,
we demonstrate that the flow problem can be transformed into a system of two
Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. The latter are solved by means
of numerical approaches. Using our solution, we further investigate the effect
of the disks on the slow rotational motion of a colloidal particle and provide
expressions of the hydrodynamic mobility as a function of the system geometry.
We compare our results with corresponding finite-element simulations and
observe very good agreement.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure
Upland Habitat Quality and Historic Landscape Composition Influence Genetic Variation of a Pond-Breeding Salamander
Understanding the temporal and spatial scale at which habitat alteration impacts populations is important for conservation and management. Amphibians have declined more than other vertebrates, and pond-breeding species are particularly susceptible to habitat loss and fragmentation because they have terrestrial and aquatic life stages. One approach to management of pond-breeding species is protection of core upland habitat surrounding the breeding pond. We used genetic variation as an indicator of population status in a common amphibian species, spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum), to determine how amount of suitable upland habitat relates to population status in the greater Charlotte, North Carolina, USA metropolitan area. We developed candidate models to evaluate the relative influence of historical and contemporary forested habitat availability on population genetic variation at two spatial scales of upland area (164 m and 2000 m) at four time intervals over the past seven decades (1938, 1978, 1993, 2005). We found that historical land cover best predicted contemporary allelic richness. Inbreeding coefficient and observed heterozygosity were not effectively predicted by forest cover at either spatial or temporal scales. Allelic richness was best predicted at the smaller spatial scale in the 1993 time interval. Predicting and understanding how future landscape configuration affects genetic variation of common and rare species is imperative for the conservation of amphibian and other wildlife populations
Phenethylamine-derived new psychoactive substances 2C-E-FLY, 2C-EF-FLY, and 2C-T-7-FLY: Investigations on their metabolic fate including isoenzyme activities and their toxicological detectability in urine screenings
Psychoactive substances of the 2Câseries are phenethylamineâbased designer drugs that can induce psychostimulant and hallucinogenic effects. The soâcalled 2CâFLY series contains rigidified methoxy groups integrated in a 2,3,6,7âtetrahydrobenzo[1,2âb:4,5âb']difuran core. The aim of the presented work was to investigate the in vivo and in vitro metabolic fate including isoenzyme activities and toxicological detectability of the three new psychoactive substances (NPS) 2CâEâFLY, 2CâEFâFLY, and 2CâTâ7âFLY to allow clinical and forensic toxicologists the identification of these novel compounds. Rat urine, after oral administration, and pooled human liver S9 fraction (pS9) incubations were analyzed by liquid chromatographyâhighâresolution tandem mass spectrometry (LCâHRMS/MS). By performing activity screenings, the human isoenzymes involved were identified and toxicological detectability in rat urine investigated using standard urine screening approaches (SUSAs) based on gas chromatography (GC)âMS, LCâMSn, and LCâHRMS/MS. In total, 32 metabolites were tentatively identified. Main metabolic steps consisted of hydroxylation and Nâacetylation. Phase I metabolic reactions were catalyzed by CYP2D6, 3A4, and FMO3 and Nâacetylation by NAT1 and NAT2. Methoxyamine was used as a trapping agent for detection of the deaminated metabolite formed by MAOâA and B. Interindividual differences in the metabolism of the 2CâFLY drugs could be caused by polymorphisms of enzymes involved or drugâdrug interactions. All three SUSAs were shown to be suitable to detect an intake of these NPS but common metabolites of 2CâEâFLY and 2CâEFâFLY have to be considered during interpretation of analytical findings
TIGRFAMs and Genome Properties: tools for the assignment of molecular function and biological process in prokaryotic genomes
TIGRFAMs is a collection of protein family definitions built to aid in high-throughput annotation of specific protein functions. Each family is based on a hidden Markov model (HMM), where both cutoff scores and membership in the seed alignment are chosen so that the HMMs can classify numerous proteins according to their specific molecular functions. Most TIGRFAMs models describe âequivalogâ families, where both orthology and lateral gene transfer may be part of the evolutionary history, but where a single molecular function has been conserved. The Genome Properties system contains a queriable set of metabolic reconstructions, genome metrics and extractions of information from the scientific literature. Its genome-by-genome assertions of whether or not specific structures, pathways or systems are present provide high-level conceptual descriptions of genomic content. These assertions enable comparative genomics, provide a meaningful biological context to aid in manual annotation, support assignments of Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms and help validate HMM-based predictions of protein function. The Genome Properties system is particularly useful as a generator of phylogenetic profiles, through which new protein family functions may be discovered. The TIGRFAMs and Genome Properties systems can be accessed at and
Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. I. Search Method and Test Sample
In this paper we present results of a pilot study to use imaging data from
the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to search for low-surface-brightness (LSB)
galaxies. For our pilot study we use a test sample of 92 galaxies from the
catalog of Impey et al. (1996) distributed over 93 SDSS fields of the Early
Data Release (EDR). Many galaxies from the test sample are either LSB or dwarf
galaxies. To deal with the SDSS data most effectively a new photometry software
was created, which is described in this paper. We present the results of the
selection algorithms applied to these 93 EDR fields. Two galaxies from the
Impey et al. test sample are very likely artifacts, as confirmed by follow-up
imaging. With our algorithms, we were able to recover 87 of the 90 remaining
test sample galaxies, implying a detection rate of 96.5%. The three
missed galaxies fall too close to very bright stars or galaxies. In addition,
42 new galaxies with parameters similar to the test sample objects were found
in these EDR fields (i.e., 47% additional galaxies). We present the main
photometric parameters of all identified galaxies and carry out first
statistical comparisons. We tested the quality of our photometry by comparing
the magnitudes for our test sample galaxies and other bright galaxies with
values from the literature. All these tests yielded consistent results. We
briefly discuss a few unusual galaxies found in our pilot study, including an
LSB galaxy with a two-component disk and ten new giant LSB galaxies.Comment: 36 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication by AJ, some figures
were bitmapped to reduce the siz
Measuring the deformation of a ferrogel sphere in a homogeneous magnetic field
A sphere of a ferrogel is exposed to a homogeneous magnetic field. In
accordance to theoretical predictions, it gets elongated along the field lines.
The time-dependence of the elastic shear modulus causes the elongation to
increase with time analogously to mechanic creep experiments, and the rapid
excitation causes the sphere to vibrate. Both phenomena can be well described
by a damped harmonic oscillator model. By comparing the elongation along the
field with the contraction perpendicular to it, we can calculate Poisson's
ratio of the gel. The magnitude of the elongation is compared with the
theoretical predictions for elastic spheres in homogeneous fields.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure
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