2,786 research outputs found
Dores orofaciais: mecanismos båsicos e implicaçÔes para um tratamento efetivo
Orofacial Pain is the field of dentistry devoted to the diagnosis and management of chronic, complex, facial pain and oromotor disorders. This specialty in dentistry has developed over a number of years out of the need for better understanding of a group of patients who somehow were not clearly suffering from dental pain disorders, but still did not seem to have a clearly defined medical problem. After a long period of treating patients based on the mechanicist aspect of the disease, our profession has realized the importance of basic knowledge and differencial diagnosis in order to proper manage these patients. This modification in the approach has caused severe changes in education as well as in clinical activities. Historically considered as a problem of occlusion, Orofacial Pain, including Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) has recently reached the status of "Specialty" in Brazil. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the main differences between musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain and the importance of basic knowledge to perform successful management.Dor Orofacial Ă© um campo da odontologia dedicado ao diagnĂłstico e tratamento de dores orofaciais crĂŽnicas e complexas, alĂ©m d e desordens motoras. Essa especialidade odontolĂłgica tem se desenvolvido por vĂĄrios anos com o objetivo de prover um melhor entendimento de um grupo de pacientes que, de alguma forma, nĂŁo tinham dores de origem dentĂĄria e nem condiçÔes Ăłbvias mĂ©dicas que explicassem suas dores na face. Depois de um longo perĂodo propondo tratamentos baseados apenas no aspecto mecanicista da doença, nossa profissĂŁo percebeu a importĂąncia de entender mecanismos bĂĄsicos de diagnĂłstico diferencial para melhor controlar esses casos. Essa mudança de mentalidade tem levado a modificaçÔes na educação em odontologia, assim como nos procedimentos clĂnicos executados. Historicamente considerada como um "problema de oclusĂŁo", as dores orofaciais obtiveram recentemente o reconhecimento como especialidade em nosso paĂs. Baseado nisso, o objetivo desse artigo Ă© discutir diferenças bĂĄsicas entre os tipos mais comuns de dor orofacial, assim como ressaltar a importĂąncia do conhecimento de mecanismos de condução de dor para a formulação de um plano de tratamento efetivo
Cold atom Clocks and Applications
This paper describes advances in microwave frequency standards using
laser-cooled atoms at BNM-SYRTE. First, recent improvements of the Cs
and Rb atomic fountains are described. Thanks to the routine use of a
cryogenic sapphire oscillator as an ultra-stable local frequency reference, a
fountain frequency instability of where
is the measurement time in seconds is measured. The second advance is a
powerful method to control the frequency shift due to cold collisions. These
two advances lead to a frequency stability of at 7\times 10^{-16}^{87}^{133}$Cs fountains.
Finally we give an update on the cold atom space clock PHARAO developed in
collaboration with CNES. This clock is one of the main instruments of the
ACES/ESA mission which is scheduled to fly on board the International Space
Station in 2008, enabling a new generation of relativity tests.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figure
Antiphospholipid Syndrome Risk Evaluation
The antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune disorder
produced by high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies that cause both arterial
and veins thrombosis as well as pregnancy-related complications and morbidity,
as clinical manifestations. This autoimmune hypercoagulable state, often associated
with coronary artery disease and recurrent Acute Myocardium Infraction,
has severe consequences for the patients, being one of the main causes of
thrombotic disorders and death. Therefore, it is extremely important to be preventive;
being aware of how probable is to have that kind of syndrome. Despite
the updated of the APS classification published as Sydney criteria, diagnosis of
this syndrome remains challenging. Further research on clinically relevant antibodies
and standardization of their quantification are required to improve clinical
risk assessment in APS. This work will focus on the development of a diagnosis
support system to antiphospholipid syndrome, built under a formal
framework based on Logic Programming, in terms of its knowledge representation
and reasoning procedures, complemented with an approach to computing
grounded on Artificial Neural Networks.
The proposed model allowed to improve the diagnosis, classifying properly the
patients that really presented this pathology (sensitivity about 92%) as well as
classifying the absence of APS (specificity ranging from 89% to 94%)
The principle of situated practice in literacy learning: studentsâ perspectives
O artigo resulta de uma investigação realizada no Ăąmbito de uma iniciativa governamental destinada a melhorar os nĂveis de literacia nas sĂ©ries iniciais do ensino fundamental em Portugal. A investigadora estudou as representaçÔes dos alunos sobre essa experiĂȘncia por meio da realização de entrevistas em grupo. Este artigo analisa os dados referentes Ă s representaçÔes dos alunos sobre uma das dimensĂ”es pedagĂłgicas centrais da aprendizagem da literacia, nomeadamente a constituĂda pela prĂĄtica situada. A anĂĄlise qualitativa revela representaçÔes muito positivas sobre a prĂĄtica que situou a aprendizagem, tendo os alunos expressado opiniĂ”es e sentimentos extremamente favorĂĄveis sobre a prĂĄtica de aprendizagem de literacia que experimentaram. A anĂĄlise dos dados desvelou ainda que o contexto que situou a aprendizagem foi ativo, lĂșdico, colaborativo e mediado pelas TIC. Esses resultados fundamentam, do ponto de vista Ășnico dos prĂłprios aprendentes, uma redefinição do entendimento atual do princĂpio da prĂĄtica situada da literacia nas sĂ©ries iniciais do ensino fundamental, no sentido do reconhecimento da centralidade da ludicidade nessa aprendizagem.This article derives from research developed in the context
of the implementation of a governmental initiative aimed to
enhance literacy learning in primary education in Portugal.
The researcher studied studentsâ representations about
their learning experience through group interviews. This
article focuses on data concerning studentsâ representations
about one of the central pedagogical dimensions of literacy
learning, namely situated practice. Qualitative analysis
revealed studentsâ very positive representations about the
practice which situated their learning, as they expressed
extremely favourable opinions and feelings. Data analysis
further unveiled that the context of learning was active,
playful, collaborative, and mediated by ICT. Such results
provide foundations for a theoretical redefinition of current
conceptions of situated practice by evidencing the centrality
of playfulness as learning practice in the education of the first
grades of primary education. This is an original contribution
made from the perspectives of learners themselves(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The Cellular Prion Protein Interacts with the Tissue Non-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase in Membrane Microdomains of Bioaminergic Neuronal Cells
BACKGROUND: The cellular prion protein, PrP(C), is GPI anchored and abundant in lipid rafts. The absolute requirement of PrP(C) in neurodegeneration associated to prion diseases is well established. However, the function of this ubiquitous protein is still puzzling. Our previous work using the 1C11 neuronal model, provided evidence that PrP(C) acts as a cell surface receptor. Besides a ubiquitous signaling function of PrP(C), we have described a neuronal specificity pointing to a role of PrP(C) in neuronal homeostasis. 1C11 cells, upon appropriate induction, engage into neuronal differentiation programs, giving rise either to serotonergic (1C11(5-HT)) or noradrenergic (1C11(NE)) derivatives. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The neuronal specificity of PrP(C) signaling prompted us to search for PrP(C) partners in 1C11-derived bioaminergic neuronal cells. We show here by immunoprecipitation an association of PrP(C) with an 80 kDa protein identified by mass spectrometry as the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). This interaction occurs in lipid rafts and is restricted to 1C11-derived neuronal progenies. Our data indicate that TNAP is implemented during the differentiation programs of 1C11(5-HT) and 1C11(NE) cells and is active at their cell surface. Noteworthy, TNAP may contribute to the regulation of serotonin or catecholamine synthesis in 1C11(5-HT) and 1C11(NE) bioaminergic cells by controlling pyridoxal phosphate levels. Finally, TNAP activity is shown to modulate the phosphorylation status of laminin and thereby its interaction with PrP. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The identification of a novel PrP(C) partner in lipid rafts of neuronal cells favors the idea of a role of PrP in multiple functions. Because PrP(C) and laminin functionally interact to support neuronal differentiation and memory consolidation, our findings introduce TNAP as a functional protagonist in the PrP(C)-laminin interplay. The partnership between TNAP and PrP(C) in neuronal cells may provide new clues as to the neurospecificity of PrP(C) function
Ring closing metathesis reactions of α-methylene-ÎČ-lactams: application to the synthesis of a simplified phyllostictine analogue with herbicidal activity
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of geopropolis produced by Melipona fasciculata (Meliponinae) in flooded fields and cerrado areas of MaranhĂŁo State, northeastern Brazil
Lower NPAS3 expression during the later stages of abnormal lung development in rat congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Purpose
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by a developmental defect in the diaphragm, pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. NPAS3 is a PAS domain transcription factor regulating Drosophila tracheogenesis. NPAS3 null mice develop pulmonary hypoplasia in utero and die after birth due to respiratory failure. We aimed to evaluate NPAS3 expres- sion during normal and abnormal lung development due to CDH.
Methods
CDH was induced by administering 100 mg/ml nitrofen to time-pregnant dams on embryonic day (E) 9 of gestation. Lungs were isolated on E15, E18 and E21 and NPAS3 localization was determined by immunohisto- chemistry and quantified using Western blotting.
Results
We found that only E21 hypoplastic CDH lungs have reduced expression of NPAS3 in the terminal sac- cules. Western blotting confirmed the down-regulation of NPAS3 protein in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lungs.
Conclusions
We demonstrate for the first time that ni- trofen-induced hypoplastic CDH lungs have reduced NPAS3 expression in the terminal saccules during the later stages of abnormal lung development. Our findings suggest that NPAS3 is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia in CDH.Supported by the Childrenâs Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba; RK is the recipient of a Career Enhancement Award from the Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program and a New Investigator Salary Award from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Manitoba Lung Association and the Childrenâs Hospital Research Institute
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