207 research outputs found
A comparative investigation of the differing responses to the good news of the Gospel among the highland and jungle Quechua Indians of Ecuador
Why does the Good News of the Gospel find greater response in some areas of the world than it does in other areas - even where there is a fairly close relationship geographically and culturally? This is one of the problems that the evangelical church is facing in some areas of Ecuador today. After many years of labor in some areas there has been little fruit, while in others there has been an abundant harvest - even to the amazement of some of the missionaries involved. It is the purpose of this project and report to investigate this paradox to see if any light may be thrown upon the problem. Thus it is hoped to further the understanding of those who are so deeply concerned after so many years of toil
Searching for strong gravitational lenses
Strong gravitational lenses provide unique laboratories for cosmological and
astrophysical investigations, but they must first be discovered - a task that
can be met with significant contamination by other astrophysical objects and
asterisms. Here we review strong lens searches, covering various sources
(quasars, galaxies, supernovae, FRBs, GRBs, and GWs), lenses (early- and
late-type galaxies, groups, and clusters), datasets (imaging, spectra, and
lightcurves), and wavelengths. We first present the physical characteristics of
the lens and source populations, highlighting relevant details for constructing
targeted searches. Search techniques are described based on the main lensing
feature that is required for the technique to work, namely one of: (i) an
associated magnification, (ii) multiple spatially-resolved images, (iii)
multiple redshifts, or (iv) a non-zero time delay between images. To use the
current lens samples for science, and for the design of future searches, we
list several selection biases that exist due to these discovery techniques. We
conclude by discussing the future of lens searches in upcoming surveys and the
new population of lenses that will be discovered.Comment: 54 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Space Science Reviews, Topical
Collection "Strong Gravitational Lensing", eds. J. Wambsganss et a
Dynamic Customer Relationship Management: Incorporating Future Considerations into the Service Retention Decision
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Exploring smart grid possibilities: a complex systems modelling approach
Smart grid research has tended to be compartmentalised, with notable contributions from economics, electrical engineering and science and technology studies. However, there is an acknowledged and growing need for an integrated systems approach to the evaluation of smart grid initiatives. The capacity to simulate and explore smart grid possibilities on various scales is key to such an integrated approach but existing models – even if multidisciplinary – tend to have a limited focus. This paper describes an innovative and flexible framework that has been developed to facilitate the simulation of various smart grid scenarios and the interconnected social, technical and economic networks from a complex systems perspective. The architecture is described and related to realised examples of its use, both to model the electricity system as it is today and to model futures that have been envisioned in the literature. Potential future applications of the framework are explored, along with its utility as an analytic and decision support tool for smart grid stakeholders
New Zealand Guideline for the Connection of PV Solar Power and Determining Hosting Capacity for PV Solar Power
Small-scale distributed generation (DG) in New
Zealand, particularly photovoltaic (PV) generation, has been
growing steadily over the past few years. In the last year alone
to 31 March 2016, installed PV generation of all capacities has
grown by a factor of about 1.6 to reach 37 MW.
Approximately 90% (33 MW) of this installed PV capacity is
made up of small-scale, single phase residential grid-tied
systems with ratings below 10 kW. This corresponds, on
average, to approximately 300-400 new PV systems being
installed each month within low voltage (LV) distribution
networks.
Traditionally, the flow of power in electricity distribution
networks has been largely unidirectional. However,
distributed generation introduces reverse power flows into the
LV network when the power produced by DG systems is
greater than what can be consumed locally. This introduction
of reverse power flows and the dynamic behavior of DG
system inverters can negatively impact the electricity network,
causing issues such as over-voltage, phase imbalance,
overloading of conductors and transformers, and create
unique safety challenges. As such, each DG connection
application received by electricity distribution businesses
(EDBs) presently needs to be carefully considered for its
impact on the electricity network. The resourcing demand
imposed by larger numbers of connection applications, and
the difficulty of technical assessment including congestion
evaluation, are likely to increase substantially as DG uptake
intensifies. This has prompted the Electric Power Engineering
Centre (EPECentre) via its GREEN Grid programme, with
the assistance of the electricity industry based Network
Analysis Group (NAG), to develop a small-scale inverter based
DG connection guideline for New Zealand EDBs. This has
been developed on behalf of the Electricity Engineers’
Association (EEA) specifically for the connection of inverter
energy systems (IES) of 10 kW or less.
This paper summarizes key aspects of this guideline. This
includes a streamlined connection application evaluation
process that enables EDBs to efficiently categorize DG
applications into three groups. These groups vary from those
with minimal or moderate network impact that can be autoassessed,
to those most likely to cause network congestion that
require manual assessment. These categories are determined
by looking at the DG hosting capacity specific to the LV
network that the DG is connecting to. For two of these
categories, mitigation measures for connection, are prescribed.
It is also shown how DG hosting capacity can be used to
simply evaluate LV network congestion in order to satisfy
Electricity Industry Participation Code (EIPC) Part 6
requirements. Key technical requirements for all IES,
appropriate for New Zealand conditions, are also summarized
Neural Substrate of Body Size: Illusory Feeling of Shrinking of the Waist
The perception of the size and shape of one's body (body image) is a fundamental aspect of how we experience ourselves. We studied the neural correlates underlying perceived changes in the relative size of body parts by using a perceptual illusion in which participants felt that their waist was shrinking. We scanned the brains of the participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that activity in the cortices lining the left postcentral sulcus and the anterior part of the intraparietal sulcus reflected the illusion of waist shrinking, and that this activity was correlated with the reported degree of shrinking. These results suggest that the perceived changes in the size and shape of body parts are mediated by hierarchically higher-order somatosensory areas in the parietal cortex. Based on this finding we suggest that relative size of body parts is computed by the integration of more elementary somatic signals from different body segments
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