The potential for reassortment between Oropouche and Schmallenberg Orthobunyaviruses

A number of viruses within the Peribunyaviridae family are naturally occurring reassortants, a common phenomenon for segmented viruses. Using a minigenome-reporter and virus-like particle (VLP) production assay, we have accessed the potential of Oropouche virus (OROV), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), and other orthobunyaviruses within the Simbu serogroup to reassort. We found that the untranslated region (UTR) in the medium segment is a potential contributing factor for reassortment by the tested viruses. We demonstrate that for promoter activity to occur it was essential that the viral RNA polymerase (L) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were from the same virus, reinforcing the hypothesis that the large and small segments that encode these proteins segregate together during genome reassortment. Our results indicate that, given the right epidemiological setting, reassortment between SBV and OROV would potentially be feasible and could contribute to the emergence of a new Simbu virus

Supporting the emotional needs of young people in care: a qualitative study of foster carer perspectives

Young people who have been removed from their family home and placed in care have often experienced maltreatment and there is well-developed evidence of poor psychological outcomes. Once in care, foster carers often become the adult who provides day-to-day support, yet we know little about how they provide this support or the challenges to and facilitators of promoting better quality carer-child relationships. The aim of this study was to understand how carers support the emotional needs of the young people in their care and their views on barriers and opportunities for support. Participants were 21 UK foster carers, recruited from a local authority in England. They were predominantly female (86%), aged 42-65 years old and ranged from those who were relatively new to the profession (<12 months' experience) to those with over 30 years of experience as a carer. We ran three qualitative focus groups to gather in-depth information about their views on supporting their foster children's emotional well-being. Participants also completed short questionnaires about their training experiences and sense of competence. Only half of the sample strongly endorsed feeling competent in managing the emotional needs of their foster children. While all had completed extensive training, especially on attachment, diagnosis-specific training for mental health problems (eg, trauma-related distress, depression) was less common. Thematic analysis showed consistent themes around the significant barriers carers faced navigating social care and mental health systems, and mixed views around the best way to support young people, particularly those with complex mental health needs and in relation to reminders of their early experiences. Findings have important implications for practice and policy around carer training and support, as well as for how services support the mental health needs of young people in care

Wearing Surface Testing and Screening: Yukon River Bridge

There is a demand and a need for cheaper and alternative surface coverings in environments with high temperature fluctuations. Our design for an alternative surface covering involves a basic twopart component epoxy with the addition of a solvent. The purpose of the solvent is to disrupt the reaction that forms the ordered chains to form a more disordered crystalline structure. The solvent in the finished product is 3% by volume of isopropyl alcohol. This mixture of epoxy and solvent has higher impact strength than epoxy alone, as well as a much lower brittle transition temperature of 27°C compared with 10°C for epoxy. An environmental chamber, tensile tester, Charpy impact tester, and 4- point bending test were used to determine these conclusions. The final product can be tailored with different aggregates to fit a specific need, such as decking surface material to coat the wooden planks on the Yukon River Bridge.Table of Contents Table of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. ii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................ iv Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Yukon River Bridge Project 2006 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Yukon River Bridge 2011 ..................................................................................................................... 3 2. Scope of Work ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Part 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Part 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 3. Test Results and Data ................................................................................................................................ 4 Part I .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 Project Basis ........................................................................................................................................ 4 3.2 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Results/Future Work ........................................................................................................................... 6 3.3.1 Charpy impact tests ..................................................................................................................... 6 3.3.2 Tensile tests ................................................................................................................................. 9 3.4 Chemical Theory ............................................................................................................................... 11 3.5 Facilities............................................................................................................................................. 14 3.6 Materials Tested ............................................................................................................................... 16 Part II: .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.7 Collecting Data .................................................................................................................................. 18 3.7.1 Determining percent isopropyl alcohol (Figure 19) ................................................................... 18 3.7.2 Determining the number of seal coatings (Figures 21–25) ....................................................... 19 3.7.3 Wear testing ............................................................................................................................... 24 3.7.4 Application process on test planks ............................................................................................ 25 3.7.5 Conclusion of information gathered from collecting data......................................................... 30 3.8 Modification Made to the Planks ...................................................................................................... 30 4 What Went Wrong in the Experiment ..................................................................................................... 30 5 What Could Be Changed, Future Modifications....................................................................................... 31 References .................................................................................................................................................. 32 Table of Figures Figure 1: Yukon River Bridge. ........................................................................................................................ 1 Figure 2: ASTM standards. ............................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 3: Epoxy samples – temperature rise vs. impact strength. ................................................................ 7 Figure 4: Epoxy with kerosene samples – temperature rise vs. impact strength. ........................................ 8 Figure 5: Epoxy with isopropyl alcohol samples – temperature rise vs. impact strength. ........................... 8 Figure 6: Epoxy with isopropyl alcohol and sand samples – temperature rise vs. impact strength. ........... 9 Figure 7: Epoxy samples – extension vs. load. ............................................................................................ 10 Figure 8: Epoxy with isopropyl alcohol samples – extension vs. load. ....................................................... 10 Figure 9: Epoxy with acetone samples – extension vs. load. ...................................................................... 11 Figure 10: Basic structures in epoxy. .......................................................................................................... 11 Figure 11: First step of polymerization. ...................................................................................................... 12 Figure 12: Long chain epoxy molecule ........................................................................................................ 12 Figure 13: Epoxy mixed with acetone solvent ............................................................................................ 12 Figure 14: Alcohol and ketone reaction. ..................................................................................................... 13 Figure 15: Epoxy hydrogen bonding with isopropyl alcohol. ...................................................................... 13 Figure 16: Environmental chamber used to freeze the samples. ............................................................... 14 Figure 17: Instron tensile test apparatus. ................................................................................................... 15 Figure 18: Charpy ........................................................................................................................................ 15 Figure 19: Test samples 3–5%, 10%, 20% isopropyl alcohol. ...................................................................... 18 Figure 20: Resistance to moisture migration. ............................................................................................. 19 Figure 21: Test samples: no sealing, 1 sealing, 2 sealings, and 3 sealings submerged in water. ............... 21 Figure 22: (Weight/dry weight) vs. days boards soaked............................................................................. 22 Figure 23: (Weight/dry weight) vs. days boards soaked............................................................................. 22 Figure 24: Percent increase in weight vs. number of seal coatings. ........................................................... 23 Figure 25: Percent increase in weight vs. number of seal coatings. ........................................................... 24 Figure 26: Traction and wear test equipment. ........................................................................................... 25 Figure 27: Epoxy sample after the wear test. ............................................................................................. 25 Figure 28: Laying out bolt pattern. ............................................................................................................. 26 Figure 29: Drilling countersunk holes. ........................................................................................................ 24 Figure 30: Completed board though application process. ......................................................................... 26 Figure 31: Bur on PVC pipe ......................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 33: Planks drying after sealing ......................................................................................................... 27 Figure 34. Plank preparation before aggregate application. ...................................................................... 28 Figure 35: Planks drying. ............................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 36: Removing tape and cotton balls. ............................................................................................... 29 Figure 37: Chip in plank ............................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 38: Chip patched .............................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 39: Additional chip patched ............................................................................................................. 3

Search for Lena E. Mendelsohn

During much of the Twentieth Century, public accounting was considered to be a man\u27s profession. Few women had the fortitude or opportunity to challenge the system which generally discriminated against their practice of public accounting. Several papers have identified women pioneers in accountancy and others have documented the difficulties women faced in becoming Certified Public Accountants (CPA) and practicing professionally. Most of these papers have said a little or nothing of Lena E. Mendelsohn, although she is referred to by Meyers and Koval (1994) as ...a woman pioneer in the professional accounting field,...a well-known CPA in Boston. (p. 29) Other than a few references to her in the literature, little is known about Mendelsohn

The alpha-effect in cyclic secondary amines: new scaffolds for iminium ion accelerated transformations

Five-membered secondary amine heterocycles containing an α-heteroatom were prepared and shown to be ineffective as catalysts for the iminium ion catalysed Diels–Alder reaction between cinnamaldehyde and cyclopentadiene. Their six-membered counterparts proved to be highly active catalysts. In stark contrast, the catalytic activity observed when comparing the non α-heteroatom cyclic amines proline methyl ester and methyl pipecolinate showed the five-membered ring amine was significantly more active. Concurrent density functional theoretical calculations suggest a rationale for the observed trends in reactivity, highlighting that LUMO activation through an iminium ion intermediate plays a key role in catalytic activity

Inflow Measurements Made with a Laser Velocimeter on a Helicopter Model in Forward Flight. Volume 1: Rectangular Planform Blades at an Advance Ration of 0.15

An experimental investigation was conducted in the 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel at NASA Langley to measure the inflow into a scale model helicopter rotor in forward flight (microinf = 0.15). The measurements were made with a two component Laser Velocimeter (LV) one chord above the plane formed by the path of the rotor tips (tip path plane). A conditional sampling technique was employed to determine the azimuthal position of the rotor at the time each velocity measurement was made so that the azimuthal fluctuations in velocity could be determined. Measurements were made at a total of 147 separate locations in order to clearly define the inflow character. This data is presented without analysis. In order to increase the availability of the resulting data, both the mean and azimuthally dependent values are included as part of this report on two 5.25 inch floppy disks in Microsoft Corporation MS-DOS format

Calibrating non‐probability surveys to estimated control totals using LASSO, with an application to political polling

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148260/1/rssc12327.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148260/2/rssc12327_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148260/3/rssc12327-sup-0001-Appendix.pd

Inflow measurement made with a laser velocimeter on a helicopter model in forward flight. Volume 2: Rectangular planform blades at an advance ratio of 0.23

An experimental investigation was conducted in the 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center to measure the inflow into a scale model helicopter rotor in forward flight (mu sub infinity = 0.23). The measurements were made with a two-component Laser Velocimeter (LV) one chord above the plane formed by the path of the rotor tips (tip path plane). A conditional sampling technique was employed to determine the azimuthal position of the rotor at the time that each velocity measurement was made so that the azimuthal fluctuations in velocity could be determined. Measurements were made at a total of 180 separate locations in order to clearly define the inflow character. This data is presented without analysis

Inflow measurements made with a laser velocimeter on a helicopter model in forward flight. Volume 4: Tapered planform blades at an advance ratio of 0.15

An experimental investigation was conducted in the 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center to measure the inflow into the scale model helicopter rotor in forward flight (mu sub infinity = 0.15). The measurements were made with a two-component Laser Velocimeter (LV) one chord above the plane formed by the path of the rotor tips (tip path plane). A conditional sampling technique was employed to determine the position of the rotor at the time that each velocity measurement was made so that the azimuthal fluctuations in velocity could be determined. Measurements were made at a total of 146 separate locations in order to clearly define the inflow character. This data is presented herein without analysis. In order to increase the availability of the resulting data, both the mean and azimuthally dependent values are included as part of this report on two 5.25 inch floppy disks in MS-DOS format

Inflow measurement made with a laser velocimeter on a helicopter model in forward flight. Volume 5: Tapered planform blades at an advance ratio of 0.23

An experimental investigation was conducted in the 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center to measure the inflow into a scale model helicopter rotor in forward flight (mu sub inf = 0.23). The measurements were made with a two component Laser Velocimeter (LV) one chord above the plane formed by the path of the blade tips. A conditional sampling technique was employed to determine the position of the rotor at the time that each velocity measurement was made so that the azimuthal fluctuations in velocity could be determined. Measurements were made at a total of 168 separate locations in order to clearly define the inflow character. This data is presented without analysis. In order to increase the availability of the resulting data, both the mean and azimuthally dependenet values are included as part of this report on two 5.25 inch floppy disks in Microsoft Corporation MS-DOS format