Impactos del Programa de Mejoras en la gestión de innovación de un Centro de Estudios

Aim: to explain the evolution of indicators of innovation management at the Research Center for Exploitation, Manufacturing, and Recovery of Parts and Equipment, Faculty of Electromechanics, Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz University of Camagüey, Cuba, five years after progressive implementation of a program to strengthen its capacity for innovation, as part of previous research follow up. Methods: logical-historical analysis, and analysis and synthesis. Results: The results of measures implemented were positive in terms of science and innovation, which are critical for the research center, as ties with companies, publications, and attendance to conferences have increased, as well as greater visibility nationally. Conclusions: the program is appropriate and pertinent, since the highest priority is given to R + D + i management, as the main driving force of other critical activities at the facility. On the other hand, the results are apparent in terms of number of researchers and improvements in basic laboratory conditions.Objetivo: exponer la evolución de indicadores de la gestión de innovación del Centro de Estudios de Explotación, Fabricación y Recuperación de Equipos y Piezas, perteneciente a la facultad de Electromecánica de la Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz, Cuba, a cinco años de que se comenzara la implementación gradual de un programa para fortalecer la capacidad de innovación de dicha área, que fue el resultado de una investigación a la cual se da seguimiento. Métodos: análisis histórico lógico y el de análisis y síntesis. Resultados: Los resultados de las medidas aplicadas fueron favorables en aspectos relativos a la ciencia y la innovación, medulares en la vida del centro de estudios, con el consiguiente incremento de la efectividad del trabajo con las empresas, las publicaciones y la participación en eventos, además de aumento de la visibilidad en el ámbito nacional. Conclusiones: el programa es adecuado y pertinente por concederle prioridad a la gestión de la I + D + i, como fuente principal dinamizadora de las demás actividades sustantivas del centro. Por otra parte, se evidencia que no se avanza al ritmo esperado en cuanto al incremento del número de investigadores y en las mejoras de la base de laboratorios

Impactos del Programa de Mejoras en la gestión de innovación de un Centro de Estudios

Objetivo: exponer la evolución de indicadores de la gestión de innovación del Centro de Estudios de Explotación, Fabricación y Recuperación de Equipos y Piezas, perteneciente a la facultad de Electromecánica de la Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz, Cuba, a cinco años de que se comenzara la implementación gradual de un programa para fortalecer la capacidad de innovación de dicha área, que fue el resultado de una investigación a la cual se da seguimiento. Métodos: análisis histórico lógico y el de análisis y síntesis. Resultados: Los resultados de las medidas aplicadas fueron favorables en aspectos relativos a la ciencia y la innovación, medulares en la vida del centro de estudios, con el consiguiente incremento de la efectividad del trabajo con las empresas, las publicaciones y la participación en eventos, además de aumento de la visibilidad en el ámbito nacional. Conclusiones: el programa es adecuado y pertinente por concederle prioridad a la gestión de la I + D + i, como fuente principal dinamizadora de las demás actividades sustantivas del centro. Por otra parte, se evidencia que no se avanza al ritmo esperado en cuanto al incremento del número de investigadores y en las mejoras de la base de laboratorios

Optimization of the Cutting Regime in the Turning of the AISI 316L Steel for Biomedical Purposes Based on the Initial Progression of Tool Wear

The development of biomedical devices has improved the quality of life for millions of people. The increase in life expectancy generates an increase in the demand for these devices. One of the most used materials for these purposes is 316 L austenitic stainless steel due to its mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. The objective of the present investigation was to identify the dependence between the main cutting force, the initial speed of the tool wear, the surface roughness, and the parameters of the cutting regime. Based on these dependencies, a multi-objective optimization model is proposed to minimize the energy consumed and initial wear rate, as well as to maximize productivity, maintaining the surface roughness values below those established by the ISO 5832-1 standard. The wear of the cutting tool was measured on a scanning electron microscope. For the optimization process, a genetic algorithm based on NSGA-II (Non-nominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm) was implemented. The input variables were the cutting speed and the feed in three levels. The cutting force and surface roughness were set as restrictions. It is concluded that the mathematical model allows for the optimization of the cutting regime during dry turning and with the use of MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) with BIDEMICS JX1 ceramic tools (NTK Cutting Tools, Wixom, MI, USA), of AISI 316 L steel for biomedical purposes. Pareto sets and boundaries allow for choosing the most appropriate solution according to the specific conditions of the workshop where it is applied, minimizing the initial progression of tool wear and energy consumed, and maximizing productivity by guaranteeing the surface roughness values established for these types of parts according to the standard

Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally