Diseño de un prototipo de vehículo volador

The concept of designing a hybrid car between an aircraft and a ground vehicle is based on finding an effective solution to traffic congestion in major cities around the world, as this generates great controversy in mobility and developing them. This prototype should be able to fly in a short distance range without the need for a runway to take off or land , ie , vertical takeoff and landing . Also, you must be a car for personal transport whose circulation is permitted in the city like any other vehicle. The project is under the supervision of Pedro Meneses , Director of the thesis , together with Creatti Labs SA (Bogota - Colombia ) . Design parameters, which were intended to solve problems of traffic congestion and project ourselves as a society to a near future in which there would be these vehicles were developed.El concepto de diseñar un automóvil hibrido entre una aeronave y un vehículo terrestre se basa en la búsqueda de una solución eficaz para la congestión vehicular en las principales ciudades del mundo, ya que esto genera gran conflicto en la movilidad y desarrollo de las mismas. Este prototipo debe ser capaz de volar en un rango corto de distancia sin la necesidad de una pista para despegar o aterrizar, es decir, despegue y aterrizaje vertical. Además, debe ser un automóvil para transporte personal cuya circulación sea permitida en la ciudad como cualquier otro vehículo. El proyecto se desarrolla bajo la supervisión de Pedro Meneses, Director de la Tesis, en conjunto con Creatti Labs S.A. (Medellin – Colombia). Se desarrollaron parámetros de diseño, los cuales fueron pensados para resolver problemas de congestión vehicular y proyectarnos como sociedad a un futuro cercano en el cual existirían estos vehículos

In vitro comparison of primary stability of two implant designs in D3 bone

Primary stability (PS) is a key factor for implant survival rate and depends on implant design or bone quality. The aim of this study was to compare different thread designs implants, evaluating PS with periotest values (PV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values through resonance frequency analysis (RFA). A total of 60 implants (Radhex®, Inmet-Garnick S.A., Guadalajara, Spain) were placed in freshly bovine ribs in vitro. Two designs were used: 30 tapered body with single thread design (PHI) and 30 tapered body with double thread design implants (PHIA). Both designs were 4mm wide and 12mm long. Implants were placed according to manufacturer?s guidelines. Osstell? and Periotest® devices were used to evaluate PS by a blinded independent observer. Computed tomographies (CTs) of the ribs were made (BrightSpeed Series CT systems, GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) and bone quality surrounding each implant was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU) using Ez3D Plus software (Vatech Co., Korea). Bone quality was classified according to Misch and Kircos in D1, D2, D3 or D4. All implants were mechanically stable. Only implants placed in D3 bone (350-850 HU) were selected for the study: 28 PHI and 26 PHIA. The one way ANOVA showed significant difference (p<0.005) among two implants designs in ISQ values (61,55 ± 6,67 in PHI and 68,94 ± 5,82 in PHIA). No significant difference (p = 0,171) was shown in PV between two designs (-4,47 ± 1,39 in PHI and -4,77 ± 0,87 in PHIA). Higher PS was found using Osstell? device in implants with double thread design (PHIA) in comparison to implants with single thread design (PHI) in D3 bone

[Tobacco smoking and mental health].

BACKGROUND: Smoking continues to be one of the most important health burdens worldwide. AIM: To describe smoking habits and associated risk factors in the population of Santiago, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross sectional study of a representative sample of the population, from 16 to 64 years old, residents of Santiago, Chile (total population: 3,237,286). A structured interview that included questions about use of tobacco, the CIS-R interviews, used for common mental disorders, were applied. RESULTS: From the sample of 4,693 households, 3,870 people were interviewed (52.2% women, 47.8% men) and 10% refused. Forty percent of the population currently smoked (52.5% men, 47.8% women). "Being a current smoker" was associated with being younger than 55, male sex, and having a common mental disorder. DISCUSSION: Smoking is highly prevalent in Chile, as compared with developed countries and with some developing countries. Gender differences in use of tobacco have decreased. A higher risk of smoking for people with mental disorders is confirmed

Análisis comparativo del VO2máx estimado mediante las ecuaciones desarrolladas por Jackson et al y el American College of Sport Medicine en corredores de maratón

Fundamento: Una reducida capacidad funcional, o VO2máx, es considerada como factor de riesgo que ocasiona la muerte por múltiples causas, pero principalmente por enfermedad coronaria. Por lo anterior, y sumado a la dificultad que representa su evaluación, se han sugerido otras alternativas para considerarla, desarrollando ecuaciones de predicción, sin la necesidad de realizar ejercicio. Objetivo: Analizar comparativamente las ecuaciones para la predicción del VO2máx mediante el test "Nonexercise regression models to estimate peak oxygen consumtion" (PAR/PAF), y la desarrollada por el American College Sport Medicine (ACSM) en corredores de maratón. Mediciones principales: Variables sociodemográficas: edad (años), estado civil, estrato socioeconómico, nivel educativo y tipo de afiliación al sistema de Seguridad Social en Salud. Variables antropométricas: estatura (m), peso (kg), índice de masa corporal (IMC kg/m2) y perímetro abdominal. Variable de capacidad funcional: ecuaciones de predicción, descritos por Jackson et al (PAR/PAF), y el ACSM. Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones entre el cálculo del ACSM y el cuestionario PAR/PAF en función al tiempo de llegada (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,94), (pNS, r2 = 0,00), y en función de la edad (pNS, r2 = 0,00), (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,87), n = 81, respectivamente. Al diferenciarlos por grupos de edad, con el cálculo del ACSM y el PAR/PAF en mayores de 30 años, se encontró una importante correlación en función al tiempo de llegada (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,95), (pNS, r2 = 0,09), respectivamente. Resultados contrarios en función de la edad, ACSM (pNS, r2 = 0,03), PAR/PAF (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,78). En menores de 30 años, comparados los métodos con el tiempo de llegada, el cálculo del ACSM demostró una alta correlación (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,97), contraria al cálculo del PAR/PAF (pNS, r2 = 0,03). Al comparar ambos métodos y su relación con la edad, no se encontraron correlaciones significativas (r2 = 0,22) y (r2 = 0,05). La correlación entre ambos métodos para estimar de manera indirecta el VO2máx en corredores de media maratón sólo fue encontrada en el grupo de mayores de 30 años (p &lt; 0,01, r = 0,32), n = 65. Conclusiones: Los modelos de predicción del VO2máx pueden constituirse en una alternativa viable para la evaluación de la capacidad funcional en estudios epidemiológicos. A pesar de esto, ambos métodos presentan un grado bajo de correlación, lo cual hace necesario futuras investigaciones para su validez

Anàlisi comparativa del VO2màx estimat mitjançant les equacions desenvolupades per Jackson et al i l'American College of Sport Medicine en corredors de marató

Fonament: Una reduïda capacitat funcional o VO2màx és considerada com a factor de risc que provoca la mort per múltiples causes, però principalment per malaltia coronària. Per això, i sumat a la dificultat que representa avaluar-la, han estat suggerides altres alternatives per fer-ho, tot desenvolupant equacions de predicció, sense la necessitat de realitzar exercici.Objectiu: Analitzar comparativament les equacions per a la predicció del VO2màx mitjançant el test “Nonexercise regression models to estimate peak oxygen consumtion” (PAR/PAF), i la desenvolupada per l’American College Sport Medicine (ACSM) en corredors de marató.Mesuraments principals: Variables sociodemogràfiques: edat (anys), estat civil, estrat socioeconòmic, nivell educatiu i el tipus d’afiliació al Sistema de Seguretat Social en Salut. Variables antropomètriques: estatura (m), pes (kg), índex de massa corporal (IMC kg/m2) i perímetre abdominal. Variable de capacitat funcional: equacions de predicció, descrites per Jackson et al (PAR/PAF), i l’ACSM.Resultats: Es van trobar correlacions entre el càlcul de l’ACSM i el qüestionari PAR/PAF en funció al mateix temps d’arribada (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,94), (pNS, r2 = 0,00), i en funció de l’edat (pNS, r2 = 0,00), (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,87), n = 81, respectivament. En diferenciar-los per grups d’edat, amb el càlcul de l’ACSM i el PAR/PAF en majors de 30 anys, es va trobar una correlació important en funció del mateix temps d’arribada (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,95), (pNS, r2 = 0,09), respectivament. Resultats contraris en funció de l’edat, ACSM (pNS, r2 = 0,03), PAR/PAF (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,78). En menors de 30 anys, comparats els mètodes amb el temps d’arribada, el càlcul de l’ACSM va demostrar una alta correlació (p &lt; 0,001, r2 = 0,97), contrària al càlcul del PAR/PAF (pNS, r2 = 0,03). En comparar ambdós mètodes i la seva relació amb l’edat, no es van trobar correlacions significatives (r2 = 0,22) i (r2 = 0,05). La correlació entre ambdós mètodes per calcular d’una manera indirecta el VO2màx en corredors de mitja marató només va ser trobada en el grup de majors de 30 anys (p &lt; 0,01, r = 0,32), n = 65.Conclusions: Els models de predicció del VO2màx poden esdevenir una alternativa viable per a l’avaluació de la capacitat funcional en estudis epidemiològics. Malgrat això, ambdós mètodes presenten un grau baix de correlació, la qual cosa fa que siguin necessàries futures investigacions per a la seva validesa

Pre-operative evaluation of the volume of bone graft in sinus lifts by means of CompuDent

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the usefulness of the CompuDent program in determining the pre-operative volume of bone graft in maxillary sinus floor lifts, and to calculate the volume of graft necessary for rehabilitation using varying lengths of implants. Study design: Based on the CompuDent program, we calculated the volume of graft necessary for 47 sinus lifts. This volume was measured in order to raise the floor of each sinus to 13.4 and 15 mm in height. Results: The average volume of graft in order to achieve a lift of 13?4 mm was 2.42 cm³ for the right maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.4 cm³ to 4.1 cm³, and 2.50 cm³ for the left maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.04 cm³ to 3.79 cm³. The average volume of graft in order to achieve a lift of 15 mm was 3.01 cm³ for the right maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.78 cm³ to 4.59 cm³, and 3.09 cm³ for the left maxillary sinus, with a range from 1.42 cm³ to 4.49 cm³. The statistical results provided by the Pearson Correlation show a significant inversely proportional correlation between the average of the heights and the volume of graft in the sinus. In addition, there is a clear correlation between the average volumes to be grafted for the respective heights 13.4 mm and 15 mm. Conclusions: The CompuDent program is an effective tool in determining the volume of bone graft given its simplicity, rapidness and possibility of standardization in all pre-surgical procedures

Quantification of growth factors by using a new system for obtaining platelet-rich plasma

Objective: To verify the performance of a new method for obtaining platelet-rich plasma, while avoiding contamination of the sample during its processing. Study Design: Twenty healthy patients were selected, from whom 21 ml of blood was extracted. We then pro-Design: extracted. We proceeded to study the platelets and growth factors in basal blood after centrifuging the sample by using a new closed system for obtaining platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Results: After centrifuging the blood sample, double the amount of platelets as that found in basal blood was obtained. Of the four growth factors analyzed, only the factor similar to insulin (IGF) contained the same concentration after the centrifuge process. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and the vascular growth factor (VGF) were multiplied by six with respect to the basal values and disproportionately increased the levels of the transforming growth factor ? (TGF-?). Conclusions: The new closed method for obtaining PRP, after avoiding contamination of the sample following its use, offers levels of platelet concentrate and growth factors necessary for regeneration. © Medicina Oral S. L

REVIEW OF VEGETABLE NANOLUBRICANTS FOR TRIBOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

About 40 million tons of lubricants are used every year for various industry purposes and applications, where most of them are petroleum based oils. These oils are difficult and expensive to dispose of, have low biodegradability and are contamination risks. Recent efforts have been focused on reducing the environmental impact of petroleum based lubricants through the use of vegetable oils since they are biodegradable and have good lubricity. A drawback of vegetable oils is their poor thermal stability and oxidation, which causes them to decrease their properties at higher loads. Nanoparticle (NP) additives have been explored for improving the tribological performance of vegetable. This literature review seeks to compare and analise the impact of the different NP types, concentrations and vegetable oil type on the coefficient of friction. The vegetable oils that have shown to provide the best tribological behaviour were coconut oil, sunflower oil, palm sesame oil, canola oil, among others. The NP with the best performance were SiO2 and CuO and the concentration with the highest improvement was between 0.01-3.0 wt.%. The results of this study provide an insight on the areas of opportunity for developing new lubricant formulations with vegetable oils and NP additives for industrial applications

Influence of short implants geometry on primary stability

A correct design is needed in short implants to improve primary stability (PS) in low quality bone. This study aimed to compare PS of double thread and single thread short implants. Thirty implants with single thread design (PHI/SHORT-I) and 30 implants with double thread design (PHIA/SHORT-I) (Radhex®, Inmet-Garnick S.A., Guadalajara, Spain) were placed in 30 randomly selected bovine ribs. PS was assessed in implant stability quotients (ISQ) and periotest values (PV) with Osstell? and Periotest® devices, respectively. Computed tomographies of the ribs were taken and bone quality was evaluated in Hounsfield Units (HU) using Ez3D Plus software (Vatech Co., Korea). Only implants placed in low quality bone according to Misch and Kircos classification were selected (D3 bone: 350-850 HU; and D4 bone: 150-350 HU). Ten implants were not included in the study for being placed in D1 and D2 bone. Finally, 50 implants were selected: 17 and 9 PHI/SHORT-I in D3 and D4 bone respectively, and 15 and 9 PHIA/SHORT-I in D3 and D4 bone respectively. The one-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in ISQ (61.35 ± 4.77 in PHI/SHORT-I and 66.43 ± 4.49 in PHIA/SHORT-I, P<0.005) and PV (-2.76 ± 0.8 and -4.11 ± 1.24 respectively, P<0.005) between two implant designs in D3 bone, and statistically significant differences in ISQ (53.44 ± 3.34 in PHI/SHORT-I and 60.56 ± 1.53 in PHIA/SHORT-I, P<0.0001) and PV (1.13 ± 0.95 and -2.5 ± 0.61 respectively, P<0.0001) between two groups in D4 bone. Double thread design short implants resulted to have higher PS in comparison with single thread design short implants in D3 and D4 bone

Inverse relation between FASN expression in human adipose tissue and the insulin resistance level

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Adipose tissue is a key regulator of energy balance playing an active role in lipid storage and may be a dynamic buffer to control fatty acid flux. Just like PPARγ, fatty acid synthesis enzymes such as FASN have been implicated in almost all aspects of human metabolic alterations such as obesity, insulin resistance or dyslipemia. The aim of this work is to investigate how FASN and PPARγ expression in human adipose tissue is related to carbohydrate metabolism dysfunction and obesity.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study included eighty-seven patients which were classified according to their BMI and to their glycaemia levels in order to study FASN and PPARγ gene expression levels, anthropometric and biochemical variables.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The main result of this work is the close relation between FASN expression level and the factors that lead to hyperglycemic state (increased values of glucose levels, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, BMI and triglycerides). The correlation of the enzyme with these parameters is inversely proportional. On the other hand, PPARγ is not related to carbohydrate metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We can demonstrate that FASN expression is a good candidate to study the pathophysiology of type II diabetes and obesity in humans.</p