Variabilidade genética de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae

A mancha bacteriana, causada por Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, é uma das mais importantes doenças do maracujazeiro, podendo limitar a produção dessa frutífera em algumas regiões do País. O uso de resistência genética e controle químico, juntamente com o emprego de medidas de exclusão, são as práticas de controle da doença mais recomendadas. Para o desenvolvimento de variedades resistentes é necessário conhecer tanto a variabilidade genética do hospedeiro quanto do patógeno. Nesse trabalho foi estudada a variabilidade de cinqüenta isolados patogênicos de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae, coletados em quatro diferentes locais no estado de São Paulo. No estudo da variabilidade genética foram usados dados de marcadores moleculares RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA), os quais foram usados para o cálculo do coeficiente de similaridade de Dice entre os isolados, análise de variância molecular (AMOVA) entre e dentro das populações e agrupamento dos isolados pelo método UPGMA. Para análise da agressividade foram usados cinco isolados, mais divergentes, baseado no dendrograma. O coeficiente de similaridade variou entre 0,6887 e 0,9688. Na análise de agrupamento, os isolados foram separados em sete grupos e não houve relação evidente entre local de coleta com a composição dos grupos. Na análise da variância molecular (AMOVA) verificou-se que a maior parte da variabilidade genética está dentro das populações (89,4%) e apenas 10,6%, entre populações. Os resultados da análise de agrupamento e da AMOVA indicam que existe grande fluxo gênico entre isolados bacterianos nas regiões analisadas. No teste de patogenicidade verificou-se diferença significativa de agressividade entre os isolados. Os resultados demonstram a importância do conhecimento da variabilidade genética e da agressividade na seleção dos isolados para serem utilizados em testes de resistência genética no desenvolvimento de variedades resistentes.The bacterial spot, caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae , is one of the most important diseases of passion fruit, which can drastically limit the production in some regions of Brazil. The use of genetic resistance, chemical control and the adoption of exclusion measures are the more recommended practices for the control of this disease. To produce the resistant varieties knowledge about the variability of both host and pathogen is needed. In this study, we investigated the variability of 50 pathogenic isolates of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae, collected from four production areas in São Paulo State. We used RAPD markers (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) for identification of the degree of genetic similarities through dice coefficient, analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), among as well as within populations and clustering by the UPGMA method. Based on the clustering, the five more divergent isolates were selected for agressiveness trials. The similarity coefficient ranged from 0.6887 to 0.9688. Clustering analysis grouped the isolates in seven categories and neither apparent correlation was identified among their geographical origin no clustering pattern. The AMOVA data showed that the variability within and among populations were 89.4% and 10.6% respectively. The clustering analysis indicated genic flow among the different production areas. The results highlights the importance of taking into consideration the bacterial genetic variability of this bacterium as well as its agressiveness during the selection of resistant varieties

Does it pay to be social responsible? Portuguese SMEs feedback

Purpose: The research on corporate social responsibility has been focused mainly on Anglo-Saxon countries and big companies. Most scholars agree there is a positive relationship between companies social and economic performance, however, this is not unanimous. Moreover, during economic downturns, companies struggle for survival and might consider corporate social responsibility efforts should be postponed. This research investigates if there is a positive relationship between social performance and key business results using a large sample of small and medium Portuguese companies over an extended period of time. Design/methodology/approach: The investigation is made by using survey responses from a sample of 2.222 small and medium companies (SMEs) over a 10 year period, from the Portuguese IAPMEI – Public Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation Benchmarking and Good Practices database. The hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between social and key business results performance was tested with correlation analysis and was complemented with semi-structured interviews of key Portuguese Sustainability Managers. Findings: The research results support the existence of valid positive relationships between companies’ social performance and key business results, confirming it does pay to invest in corporate social responsibility even in less favorable economic scenarios and for small and medium companies across all business sectors. Research limitations/implications: It was not possible to use more powerful statistical methods such as Partial Least Squares (PLS) or Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) due to data constraints and more qualitative research should be done to triangulate the results and better understating of the cause and effect relationships. Practical implications: Both managers and academics should be aware of the relevance of corporate social responsibility to assure companies enduring success and create benefits for stakeholders and society at large. Originality/value: This research makes contributions for the social and economic relationship body of knowledge with a particular emphasis on small and medium companies in Portugal and a potential application to other similar European countries, by using a large sample basis over an extended period of time.Peer Reviewe

O ACERTO DE CONTAS COM O PASSADO SOB A ÓTICA DOS VENCIDOS NA REVOLTA DA CABANAGEM

O trabalho em questão buscará analisar a revolução social da Cabanagem, que estourou de 1835 a 1840 na Província do Grão-Pará durante o período regencial. A cabanagem mostrou-se como o movimento de maior expressão de modo que englobou escravos, lavradores, indígenas, pobres e até mesmo a própria elite. A revolta representa a luta de uma população em condições precárias contra o imperialismo, bem como contra os absurdos oriundos do poder central sediado no Rio de Janeiro. Aliado a isto, o texto também buscará expor a necessidade de quebrar com a tradição de uma narrativa dos vencedores e assim buscar contar a história no sentido contrário, isto é, a contrapelo com o objetivo de assegurar a versão daqueles que foram deixados no limbo, que foram oprimidos pela história tradicional permanente.

A indústria moveleira da Região Sul do Brasil e seus impactos na economia regional: uma análise em Matriz de Insumo-Produto Multirregional

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of the South region furniture industry of Brazil on its regional economies. For this purpose, Multiregional input-output tables from the Brazilian South region for 1999 are constructed. The results suggest the existence of a high linkage effect of the furniture sector with other sectors and a high output multiplier. This result confirms the furniture industry as a key sector in terms of backward linkage for the State economies of Paraná and Santa Catarina. Also, there is strong correlation between the civil construction and furniture sectors, what indicates that the furniture industry is sensitive to House loans.O presente trabalho busca analisar os impactos da indústria moveleira da Região Sul do Brasil sobre suas economias regionais, utilizando-se, para isso, do instrumental de Matriz de Insumo-Produto Multirregional. Nesse sentido, foi calculada, a partir da Matriz de Insumo-Produto nacional, a matriz multirregional da Região Sul do Brasil para o ano de 1999. Os principais resultados encontrados foram que há alto efeito de ligação do setor de móveis com os demais setores da economia, alto índice de multiplicador de produto, confirmando-se como setor-chave, no sentido “para trás” , para as economias estaduais do Paraná e de Santa Catarina. Outro resultado destacado é a forte correlação do setor da construção civil com o setor de móveis, indicando que os créditos direcionados para a compra de imóveis são bem sentidos pela indústria moveleira. Palavras-chave Indústria de móveis; Matriz de Insumo-Produto; economia regional aplicada

A estrutura teórica do modelo inter-regional para a economia brasileira - MIBRA

The general equilibrium models got importance at the 70's for pointing tendencies that were, until that moment, not experienced by economics. One example was first petrol crisis which econometric models could not predict based on temporal series. On the other hand, the general equilibrium models were capable to indicate this tendency because these models included all economy structure, what allowed the realization of analysis of situations not faced before. Despite that nowadays multiple lines of work about general equilibrium models, models that work with linear equations and results in the form of growth rate, the so called general equilibrium models of the JOHANSEN/ORANI class, and the ones who treats equations on a non-linear form and results in levels, such as Scarf, Adelman & Robinson, Dervis, Melo & Robinson. Using their ORANI model as a start point, the authors developed the MONASH general equilibrium model in national level, both aimed to the Australian economy. From this model it was created the MONASH-MRF model to work in a regional area, also Australia, with the function of realizing statistical comparative analysis and economics previsions. Based on the MONASH-MRF model, an inter regional model was developed to the Brazilian economy, MIBRA, with sixteen sectors and five macro regions, using the input-output matrix of 1995. MIBRA presents five modules:1)The core, with equations that refers to the productive structure of the economy; 2)government finances, which gather equations related to the public finances in both federal and regional levels; 3) Investment and capital accumulation, that focus on the allocation of investments among the sectors and regions 4)External debt accumulation; and 5)Population and migration, which equations are related to population growth and regional migration. The theoretical structure of the MIBRA model is presented in this work

Autonomous RPCs for a Cosmic Ray ground array

We report on the behaviour of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) developed for muon detection in ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) experiments. The RPCs were developed for the MARTA project and were tested on field conditions. These RPCs cover an area of $1.5 \times 1.2\,{m^2}$ and are instrumented with 64 pickup electrodes providing a segmentation better than $20\,$cm. By shielding the detector units with enough slant mass to absorb the electromagnetic component in the air showers, a clean measurement of the muon content is allowed, a concept to be implemented in a next generation of UHECR experiments. The operation of a ground array detector poses challenging demands, as the RPC must operate remotely under extreme environmental conditions, with limited budgets for power and minimal maintenance. The RPC, DAQ, High Voltage and monitoring systems are enclosed in an aluminium-sealed case, providing a compact and robust unit suited for outdoor environments, which can be easily deployed and connected. The RPCs developed at LIP-Coimbra are able to operate using a very low gas flux, which allows running them for few years with a small gas reservoir. Several prototypes have already been built and tested both in the laboratory and outdoors. We report on the most recent tests done in the field that show that the developed RPCs have operated in a stable way for more than 2 years in field conditions.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017), Busan, South Korea. Presented by R. Concei\c{c}\~{a}o. 8 page

O impacto do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida na economia brasileira: uma análise de insumo-produto

O objetivo do presente artigo foi analisar o impacto do Programa Habitacional Minha Casa, Minha Vida na economia brasileira mediante a dinamização do setor da construção civil, utilizando a matriz de insumo-produto de 2008 para estimação dos geradores e multiplicadores de produção, renda, emprego e impostos. Os resultados mostraram que o setor da construção civil apresentou ligações para trás e para frente abaixo da média dos setores da economia. No entanto, considerando o valor de R$ 125,7 bilhões previstos para investimento no período em análise, constatou-se que haverá crescimento significativo na renda paga aos trabalhadores, serão criados cerca de 7 milhões de empregos diretos e indiretos, haverá aumento na produção de cerca de 6% do PIB em valores de 2010, e pelo menos 16% do valor dos subsídios dados nos contratos de financiamento do PMCMV voltarão aos cofres públicos