Optimasi Penggunaan Lahan Perdesaan Duawutun Kecamatan Nagawutun Kabupaten Lembata

ABSTRAK Optimasi penggunaan lahan perdesaan adalah upaya dalam membuat sebuah konsep atau pola pemanfaatan lahan perdesaan sehingga menghasilkan konsep atau pola penggunaan lahan yang optimal dengan memperhatikan kendala atau batasan yang dihadapi. Perdesaan Duawutun yang terdiri dari desa Duawutun dan Desa Ria Bao, dengan luas lahan keseluruhan adalah 963,51 Ha didominasi oleh kawasan selain permukiman yakni : Semak belukar atau hutan kayu sebesar 43,49% pertanian 32,40% Hutan Lindung sebesar 15,11%, dan penggunaan lahan lain sebesar 1,40%. Sedangkan penggunaan lahan untuk kawasan permukimannya adalah sebesar 7,59%. Optimasi penggunaan lahan yang dilakukan dalam studi ini dilakukan dengan metode linear programing dimana terlebih dahulu dilakukan analisis kondisi lahan dengan cara mengoverlay peta Jenis Tanah, Curah Hujan, Kemiringan dan Guna Lahan. Hasil dari analisis Kondisi lahan berupa peta Kondisi lahan ditambah potensi dan masalah yang dihadapi dalam penggunaan lahan perdesaan Duawutun dan juga permintaan pasar untuk produk pertanian unggulan menjadi data dalam melakukan analisis optimasi. Hasil analisis dan juga konsep yang telah dibuat yakni : Kondisi lahan di perdesaan duawutun dikelompokan dalam 3 tipologi yakni Tipe A sebesar 417,68 Ha, Tipe B sebesar 396,88 Ha dan Tipe C sebesar 145,40 Ha. Lahan di perdesaan Duawutun yang cocok digunakan sebagai lahan pertanian tanaman pangan adalah sebesar 43 % atau sebesar 41768,67 Ha dan lahan yang cocok digunakan sebagai lahan pertanian tanaman keras adalah sebesar 34 % atau seluas 32325,33 Ha. Selain potensi, adapun masalah yang dimiliki yakni bahwa sistem pengelolaan lahan pertanian saat ini masih bersifat primitif dengan sistem ladang berpindah dan membakar lahan. Tanaman yang paling optimal untuk ditanami di perdesaan Duawutun pada lahan pertanian tanaman pangan adalah Ubi jalar namun dengan memperhatikan faktor kondisi lahan, potensi masalah dan kebiasaan serta pengetahuan masyarakat setempat maka tanaman jagung dipilih sebagai prioritas utama dengan potensi penghasilan sebesar Rp 16.485.000 per Ha per tahunnya. Kata Kunci : Optimasi, Penggunaan Lahan, Perdesaa

OPTIMASI PENGGUNAAN LAHAN PERDESAAN DUAWUTUN KECAMATAN NAGAWUTUNG KABUPATEN LEMBATA

ABSTRAK Optimasi penggunaan lahan perdesaan adalah upaya dalam membuat sebuah konsep atau pola pemanfaatan lahan perdesaan sehingga menghasilkan konsep atau pola penggunaan lahan yang optimal dengan memperhatikan kendala atau batasan yang dihadapi. Perdesaan Duawutun yang terdiri dari desa Duawutun dan Desa Ria Bao, dengan luas lahan keseluruhan adalah 963,51 Ha didominasi oleh kawasan selain permukiman yakni : Semak belukar atau hutan kayu sebesar 43,49% pertanian 32,40% Hutan Lindung sebesar 15,11% dan penggunaan lahan lain sebesar 1,40%. Sedangkan penggunaan lahan untuk kawasan permukimannya adalah sebesar 7,59%. Optimasi penggunaan lahan yang dilakukan dalam studi ini dilakukan dengan metode linear programing dimana terlebih dahulu dilakukan analisis kondisi lahan dengan cara mengoverlay peta Jenis Tanah, Curah Hujan, Kemiringan dan Guna Lahan. Hasil dari analisis Kondisi lahan berupa peta Kondisi lahan ditambah potensi dan masalah yang dihadapi dalam penggunaan lahan perdesaan Duawutun dan juga permintaan pasar untuk produk pertanian unggulan menjadi data dalam melakukan analisis optimasi. Hasil analisis dan juga konsep yang telah dibuat yakni : Kondisi lahan di perdesaan duawutun dikelompokan dalam 3 tipologi yakni Tipe A sebesar 417,68 Ha, Tipe B sebesar 396,88 Ha dan Tipe C sebesar 145,40 Ha. Lahan di perdesaan Duawutun yang cocok digunakan sebagai lahan pertanian tanaman pangan adalah sebesar 43 % atau sebesar 41768,67 Ha dan lahan yang cocok digunakan sebagai lahan pertanian tanaman keras adalah sebesar 34 % atau seluas 32325,33 Ha. Selain potensi, adapun masalah yang dimiliki yakni bahwa sistem pengelolaan lahan pertanian saat ini masih bersifat primitif dengan sistem ladang berpindah dan membakar lahan. Tanaman yang paling optimal untuk ditanami di perdesaan Duawutun pada lahan pertanian tanaman pangan adalah Ubi jalar namun dengan memperhatikan faktor kondisi lahan, potensi masalah dan kebiasaan serta pengetahuan masyarakat setempat maka tanaman jagung dipilih sebagai prioritas utama dengan potensi penghasilan sebesar Rp 16.485.000 per Ha per tahunnya. Kata Kunci : Optimasi, Penggunaan Lahan, Perdesaa

Cadherin expression and emt: A focus on gliomas

Cadherins are calcium-binding proteins with a pivotal role in cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. The cadherin-dependent mechanisms of cell adhesion and migration are exploited by cancer cells, contributing to tumor invasiveness and dissemination. In particular, cadherin switch is a hallmark of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a complex development process vastly described in the progression of most epithelial cancers. This is characterized by drastic changes in cell polarity, adhesion, and motility, which lead from an E-cadherin positive differentiated epithelial state into a dedifferentiated mesenchymal-like state, prone to metastization and defined by N-cadherin expression. Although vastly explored in epithelial cancers, how these mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of other non-epithelial tumor types is poorly understood. Herein, the current knowledge on cadherin expression in normal development in parallel to tumor pathogenesis is reviewed, focusing on epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Emphasis is taken in the unascertained cadherin expression in CNS tumors, particularly in gliomas, where the potential contribution of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like process to glioma genesis and how this may be associated with changes in cadherin expression is discussed.This work was funded by FEDER—Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional funds through the COMPETE 2020—Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior under the project FCT/02/SAICT/2017/030625

Stroke-based splatting: an efficient multi-resolution point cloud visualization technique

Current state-of-the-art point cloud visualization techniques have shortcomings when dealing with sparse and less accurate data or close-up interactions. In this paper, we present a visualization technique called stroke-based splatting, which applies concepts of stroke-based rendering to surface-aligned splatting, allowing for better shape perception at lower resolutions and close-ups. We create a painterly depiction of the data with an impressionistic aesthetic, which is a metaphor the user is culturally trained to recognize, thus attributing higher quality to the visualization. This is achieved by shaping each object-aligned splat as a brush stroke, and orienting it according to globally coherent tangent vectors from the Householder formula, creating a painterly depiction of the scanned cloud. Each splat is sized according to a color-based clustering analysis of the data, ensuring the consistency of brush strokes within neighborhood areas. By controlling brush shape generation parameters and blending factors between neighboring splats, the user is able to simulate different painting styles in real time. We have tested our method with data sets captured by commodity laser scanners as well as publicly available high-resolution point clouds, both having highly interactive frame rates in all cases. In addition, a user study was conducted comparing our approach to state-of-the-art point cloud visualization techniques. Users considered stroke-based splatting a valuable technique as it provides a higher or similar visual quality to current approaches

Binary orbits as the driver of γ-ray emission and mass ejection in classical novae

Classical novae are the most common astrophysical thermonuclear explosions, occurring on the surfaces of white dwarf stars accreting gas from companions in binary star systems. Novae typically expel �10,000 solar masses of material at velocities exceeding 1,000 km/s. However, the mechanism of mass ejection in novae is poorly understood, and could be dominated by the impulsive flash of the thermonuclear runaway, prolonged optically thick winds, or binary interaction with the nova envelope. Classical novae are now routinely detected in GeV gamma-rays, suggesting that relativistic particles are accelerated by strong shocks in nova ejecta. Here we present high-resolution imaging of the gamma-ray-emitting nova V959 Mon at radio wavelengths, showing that its ejecta were shaped by binary motion: some gas was expelled rapidly along the poles as a wind from the white dwarf, while denser material drifted out along the equatorial plane, propelled by orbital motion. At the interface between the equatorial and polar regions, we observe synchrotron emission indicative of shocks and relativistic particle acceleration, thereby pinpointing the location of gamma-ray production. Binary shaping of the nova ejecta and associated internal shocks are expected to be widespread among novae, explaining why many novae are gamma-ray emitters

Evaluation of qPCR-Based Assays for Leprosy Diagnosis Directly in Clinical Specimens

The increased reliability and efficiency of the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) makes it a promising tool for performing large-scale screening for infectious disease among high-risk individuals. To date, no study has evaluated the specificity and sensitivity of different qPCR assays for leprosy diagnosis using a range of clinical samples that could bias molecular results such as difficult-to-diagnose cases. In this study, qPCR assays amplifying different M. leprae gene targets, sodA, 16S rRNA, RLEP and Ag 85B were compared for leprosy differential diagnosis. qPCR assays were performed on frozen skin biopsy samples from a total of 62 patients: 21 untreated multibacillary (MB), 26 untreated paucibacillary (PB) leprosy patients, as well as 10 patients suffering from other dermatological diseases and 5 healthy donors. To develop standardized protocols and to overcome the bias resulted from using chromosome count cutoffs arbitrarily defined for different assays, decision tree classifiers were used to estimate optimum cutoffs and to evaluate the assays. As a result, we found a decreasing sensitivity for Ag 85B (66.1%), 16S rRNA (62.9%), and sodA (59.7%) optimized assay classifiers, but with similar maximum specificity for leprosy diagnosis. Conversely, the RLEP assay showed to be the most sensitive (87.1%). Moreover, RLEP assay was positive for 3 samples of patients originally not diagnosed as having leprosy, but these patients developed leprosy 5–10 years after the collection of the biopsy. In addition, 4 other samples of patients clinically classified as non-leprosy presented detectable chromosome counts in their samples by the RLEP assay suggesting that those patients either had leprosy that was misdiagnosed or a subclinical state of leprosy. Overall, these results are encouraging and suggest that RLEP assay could be useful as a sensitive diagnostic test to detect M. leprae infection before major clinical manifestations