1,210 research outputs found
La pédagogie active en physique : les facteurs qui améliorent l'engagement et la collaboration des élÚves
Affiche prĂ©sentĂ©e dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «La relĂšve scientifique et la recherche collĂ©giale : pratiques inspirantes au regard des chercheuses et chercheurs, et enjeux spĂ©cifiques Ă la formation des Ă©tudiantes et Ă©tudiants», dans le cadre du 84e CongrĂšs de l'Acfas, UniversitĂ© du QuĂ©bec Ă MontrĂ©al, MontrĂ©al, le 10 mai 2016.La pĂ©dagogie active (PA) amĂ©liore nettement lâapprentissage des Ă©lĂšves. Le grand dĂ©fi de la PA consiste Ă gĂ©rer un Ă©cosystĂšme dâapprentissage et Ă mobiliser les ressources humaines, documents et outils dâapprentissage Ă sa disposition â un processus appelĂ© lâ«âorchestrationâ». La prĂ©sente Ă©tude compare deux enseignants travaillant en PA dans un cours de physique (38 et 32 Ă©lĂšves respectivement). Ces enseignants sont excellents, comme le montrent les rĂ©sultats remarquables de leurs Ă©lĂšves Ă un test standardisĂ© sur les concepts en physique. Cependant, leur dĂ©marche pĂ©dagogique nâest pas la mĂȘme, en raison des diffĂ©rences entre leurs points de vue Ă©pistĂ©mologiques et leurs ressources respectives, chacun dans leur classe amĂ©nagĂ©e de façon unique. Pour la comparaison, les deux enseignants devaient rĂ©aliser les mĂȘmes activitĂ©s. Ă partir dâobservations en classe et de productions des Ă©lĂšves, nous analysons : 1) lâorchestration diffĂ©rente des ressources; 2) lâeffet sur les productions des Ă©lĂšves; 3) les consĂ©quences de ces orchestrations sur lâapprentissage et la collaboration des Ă©lĂšves. Selon nos rĂ©sultats : 1) lâaccĂšs Ă des tableaux interactifs rĂ©servĂ©s aux Ă©lĂšves augmente les possibilitĂ©s dâorchestration de lâenseignant; 2) les ressources ont un effet sur lâampleur du suivi et de la rĂ©troaction (Ă©valuation par les pairs, suivi des progrĂšs du groupe, retour en groupe classe); et 3) lâajout dâactivitĂ©s intĂ©ressantes prĂ©alables au cours favorise lâengagement des Ă©lĂšves en classe
Becoming-Bertha: virtual difference and repetition in postcolonial 'writing back', a Deleuzian reading of Jean Rhysâs Wide Sargasso Sea
Critical responses to Wide Sargasso Sea have seized upon Rhysâs novel as an exemplary model of writing back. Looking beyond the actual repetitions which recall BrontĂ«âs text, I explore Rhysâs novel as an expression of virtual difference and becomings that exemplify Deleuzeâs three syntheses of time. Elaborating the processes of becoming that Deleuzeâs third synthesis depicts, Antoinetteâs fate emerges not as a violence against an original identity. Rather, what the reader witnesses is a series of becomings or masks, some of which are validated, some of which are not, and it is in the rejection of certain masks, forcing Antoinette to become-Bertha, that the greatest violence lies
Proetex: protective e-textiles to enhance the safety of emergency/disaster operators: current state of the projects' achievements
Proetex is a European Integrated Project dedicated to the realization of a micro- and nano-technology-based wearable equipment for emergency operators. During the first 3 years of work, two different and progressively improved versions of a complete âsmartâ uniform for fire-fighters and emergency rescuers have been realized. These garments aim at monitoring both physiological parameters, position and posture of the operators and the presence of external potential sources of danger and to send these data to a remote coordinating unit. In the following, the main issues of the design and realization will be described and discussed
Insights into the structure-function relationships of dimeric C3d fragments
Cleavage of C3 to C3a and C3b plays a central role in the generation of complement-mediated defences. Although the thioester-mediated surface deposition of C3b has been well-studied, fluid phase dimers of C3 fragments remain largely unexplored. Here we show C3 cleavage results in the spontaneous formation of C3b dimers and present the first X-ray crystal structure of a disulphide-linked human C3d dimer. Binding studies reveal these dimers are capable of crosslinking complement receptor 2 and preliminary cell-based analyses suggest they could modulate B cell activation to influence tolerogenic pathways. Altogether, insights into the physiologically-relevant functions of C3d(g) dimers gained from our findings will pave the way to enhancing our understanding surrounding the importance of complement in the fluid phase and could inform the design of novel therapies for immune system disorders in the future
Repeated clinical malaria episodes are associated with modification of the immune system in children
The study received funding from the UK Medical Research Council, (MRC Programme grant #: MR/M003906/1). MB and AR are supported by the Wellcome Trust (Grant #: WT 206194).Background There are over 200 million reported cases of malaria each year, and most children living in endemic areas will experience multiple episodes of clinical disease before puberty. We set out to understand how frequent clinical malaria, which elicits a strong inflammatory response, affects the immune system and whether these modifications are observable in the absence of detectable parasitaemia. Methods We used a multi-dimensional approach comprising whole blood transcriptomic, cellular and plasma cytokine analyses on a cohort of children living with endemic malaria, but uninfected at sampling, who had been under active surveillance for malaria for 8Â years. Children were categorised into two groups depending on the cumulative number of episodes experienced: high (â„â8) or low (<â5). Results We observe that multiple episodes of malaria are associated with modification of the immune system. Children who had experienced a large number of episodes demonstrated upregulation of interferon-inducible genes, a clear increase in circulating levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 and enhanced activation of neutrophils, B cells and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Transcriptomic analysis together with cytokine and immune cell profiling of peripheral blood can robustly detect immune differences between children with different numbers of prior malaria episodes. Multiple episodes of malaria are associated with modification of the immune system in children. Such immune modifications may have implications for the initiation of subsequent immune responses and the induction of vaccine-mediated protection.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
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Hyperpolarized 13C-MRI of Tumor Metabolism Demonstrates Early Metabolic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Purpose: To compare hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C)-MRI with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) for detecting early treatment response in breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: In this institutional review board-approved prospective study, one woman with triple-negative breast cancer (age 49) underwent 13C-MRI following injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and DCE-MRI at 3 T at baseline and after a single cycle of neoadjuvant therapy. The 13C-lactate/13C-pyruvate ratio derived from hyperpolarized 13C-MRI and the pharmacokinetic parameters Ktrans and kep derived from DCE-MRI were compared, before and after treatment.
Results: Exchange of the 13C-label between injected hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and the endogenous lactate pool was demonstrated, catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. After one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a 34% reduction in the 13C-lactate/13C-pyruvate ratio was shown to correctly identify the patient as a responder to therapy, which was subsequently confirmed by a complete pathologic response. However, DCE-MRI showed an increase in the pharmacokinetic parameters Ktrans (132%) and kep (31%), which could be incorrectly interpreted as a poor response to treatment.
Conclusion: Hyperpolarized 13C-MRI successfully identified response in breast cancer after a single cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and may improve response prediction when used in conjunction with multiparametric proton MRI.This work was supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award, Cancer Research UK (CRUK; Grants C8742/A18097, C19212/ A16628, C19212/A911376, and C197/A16465), the Austrian Science Fund (Grant J4025-B26), the CRUK Cambridge Centre, the CRUK & Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, the Mark Foundation for Cancer Research and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre (Grant C9685/A25177), CRUK National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator Award, Addenbrookeâs Charitable Trust, the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, and Cambridge University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust
Targeting enhancer switching overcomes non-genetic drug resistance in acute myeloid leukaemia.
Non-genetic drug resistance is increasingly recognised in various cancers. Molecular insights into this process are lacking and it is unknown whether stable non-genetic resistance can be overcome. Using single cell RNA-sequencing of paired drug naĂŻve and resistant AML patient samples and cellular barcoding in a unique mouse model of non-genetic resistance, here we demonstrate that transcriptional plasticity drives stable epigenetic resistance. With a CRISPR-Cas9 screen we identify regulators of enhancer function as important modulators of the resistant cell state. We show that inhibition of Lsd1 (Kdm1a) is able to overcome stable epigenetic resistance by facilitating the binding of the pioneer factor, Pu.1 and cofactor, Irf8, to nucleate new enhancers that regulate the expression of key survival genes. This enhancer switching results in the re-distribution of transcriptional co-activators, including Brd4, and provides the opportunity to disable their activity and overcome epigenetic resistance. Together these findings highlight key principles to help counteract non-genetic drug resistance
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