Cryptanalysis and Improvement of a Flexible and Lightweight Group Authentication Scheme

Shamir’s secret sharing scheme is one of the substantial threshold primitives, based on which many security protocols are constructed such as group authentication schemes. Notwithstanding the unconditional security of Shamir\u27s secret sharing scheme, protocols that are designed based on this scheme do not necessarily inherit this property. In this work, we evaluate the security of a lightweight group authentication scheme, introduced for IoT networks in IEEE IoT Journal in 2020, and prove its weakness against the linear subspace attack, which is a recently-proposed cryptanalytical method for secret sharing-based schemes. Then, we propose an efficient and attack-resistant group authentication protocol for IoT networks

Evaluation of academic self-efficacy based on implied intelligence beliefs

Academic self-efficacy mainly refers to individuals’ beliefs in relation to their ability to perform a behavior and academic task, achieve the goal and effective coping with stressful environment and the intelligence belief encompasses one's knowledge and belief toward the nature of intelligence. The present study aims to investigate the academic self-efficacy based on the implicit intelligence beliefs. For this purpose, 302 subjects of graduate students of Tabriz University were determined by using Cochran's formula and by random sampling method and completed the measures related to academic self-efficacy and implicit intelligence beliefs. Obtained data were analyzed by using multiple regressions. Results analysis showed that definitive intelligence beliefs have significant and negative relationship with self-efficacy and intelligence increase beliefs have significant and positive relationship with self-efficacy. This means that people having enhanced intelligence beliefs, have high self-efficacy and people who have definitive intelligence beliefs, have low self-efficacy

Anti-Cancer Drugs Effective in Retinoblastoma: Based on a Protein-Protein Interaction Network

Background: This paper investigates the effects of potential drugs on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with substantial alterations in retinoblastoma malignancy.Material and Methods: The GSE125903 dataset consisting of ten samples was used in this study (seven cancer patients and three control samples). The genes were ordered according to their adjusted p value, and 2000 top differential expressed genes with adj p values less than 0.01 were chosen as statistically significant. The STRING database version 11.0 was used to display the interaction among genes. The Cytoscape3.8.2 and the Clusterviz plugin software were used to construct the modules for the PPI network, and five clusters of genes were formed. The DGIdb v4.2.0 database was used to study drug-gene interactions and identify potentially beneficial medicines for retinoblastoma malignancy. The DAVID v.6.8 database was used to study gene ontology (GO) and important biological pathways.Results: CISPLATIN, TAMOXIFEN, and CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE are the medicines that have been shown to be successful in treating retinoblastoma in our study. Additionally, we conducted a research on three other drugs: GEMCITABINE, OLAPARIB, and MITOXANTRONE. Although it is used to treat other diseases, it seems to have no apparent effects on retinoblastoma cancer treatment.Conclusion: CISPLATIN, a drug that causes apoptosis in tumors, has been proven to be the most effective therapy for retinoblastoma and should be included in treatment regimens for this illness. Of course, we obtained this information based on bioinformatics techniques, and more clinical trials are needed for more reliable results.Keywords: Protein-Protein Interaction Network; Retinoblastoma; Anti-Cancer

Evaluation of academic self-efficacy based on implied intelligence beliefs

Academic self-efficacy mainly refers to individuals’ beliefs in relation to their ability to perform a behavior and academic task, achieve the goal and effective coping with stressful environment and the intelligence belief encompasses one's knowledge and belief toward the nature of intelligence. The present study aims to investigate the academic self-efficacy based on the implicit intelligence beliefs. For this purpose, 302 subjects of graduate students of Tabriz University were determined by using Cochran's formula and by random sampling method and completed the measures related to academic self-efficacy and implicit intelligence beliefs. Obtained data were analyzed by using multiple regressions. Results analysis showed that definitive intelligence beliefs have significant and negative relationship with self-efficacy and intelligence increase beliefs have significant and positive relationship with self-efficacy. This means that people having enhanced intelligence beliefs, have high self-efficacy and people who have definitive intelligence beliefs, have low self-efficacy

Drug Repurposing for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) Based on Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a lesser-known eye disease in the world that gradually destroys a person’s vision by creating dark spots in the center of vision. Material and Methods: Samples of AMD-related genes were extracted from the NCBI, then the gene expression network (GCN) was extracted. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis was performed to investigate the role of co-expressed genes in AMD. Finally, the drug-gene interaction network was plotted.Results: The results of this work based on bioinformatics showed that many genes are involved in AMD disease, the most important of which are the genes of TYROBP, LILRB2, LCP2, PTPRC, CFH, SPARC, HTR5A.Overexpression of these genes can be considered as basic biomarkers for this disease, we separated some of which we had from the gene co-expression network and some from the results of genes ontology (genes that have a P value ≤ 0.05). The most important drugs were isolated from the drug-gene network based on degree, which included 5 drugs including ocriplasmin, collagenase clostridium histolyticum, topiramate, primidone, butalbital.Conclusion: Among the genes we found, three genes of CFH, TYROBP, SPARC seem to be more important than the others. Among drugs, ocriplasmin, topiramate, primidone can play a more important role based on the degree in the drug-gene network, because all steps are performed with different bioinformatics methods, clinical trials must confirm or reject the results.Keywords: Age-Related Macular Degeneration; AMD; Co-Expression Network; Drug Repurposing

History of primary health care in Iran

Background: The history of the primary healthcare system in Iran portrays a journey of strategic development and implementation that has resulted in significant advancements in healthcare access and overall population well-being. Starting in the early 1980s, Iran embarked on a comprehensive approach to health care delivery prioritizing universal access, equity, and community participation. Introduction: The foundation of this system was established during the Alma-Ata Conference in 1978, which placed a strong emphasis on the role of primary health care in attaining health for all. Iran's unwavering commitment to this approach led to the creation of an extensive network of rural and urban health centers designed to offer essential health services and preventive care to all citizens. Discussion: Over the years, the expansion of Iran's primary healthcare system has yielded noteworthy accomplishments. Maternal and child mortality rates have seen substantial declines, attributed to improved access to maternal care and immunization services. The effectiveness of the system in reaching diverse populations has been enhanced through community engagement and the integration of traditional medicine. Furthermore, Iran's focus on health education and disease prevention has resulted in heightened public awareness and the adoption of healthier lifestyles. Despite these achievements, challenges continue to persist. Disparities in the quality and accessibility of services between urban and rural areas remain a concern. Moreover, the ongoing necessity for infrastructure development, training of the health workforce, and efficient resource allocation underscore the continuous efforts required to strengthen the primary healthcare system. Conclusion: The history of Iran's primary health care system is marked by progress and achievements, underscored by an unwavering commitment to providing comprehensive, community-based care. Iran's journey serves as an exemplary model, highlighting the positive impact of prioritizing primary health care in achieving better health outcomes for its population. As Iran continues to evolve its health system, addressing challenges and building upon successes, the history of its primary health care system serves as a valuable lesson in the pursuit of accessible and equitable health care for all

2-Absorbing Vague Weakly Complete Γ-Ideals in Γ-Rings

The aim of this study is to provide a generalization of prime vague Γ-ideals in Γ-rings by introducing non-symmetric 2-absorbing vague weakly complete Γ-ideals of commutative Γ-rings. A novel algebraic structure of a primary vague Γ-ideal of a commutative Γ-ring is presented by 2-absorbing weakly complete primary ideal theory. The approach of non-symmetric 2-absorbing K-vague Γ-ideals of Γ-rings are examined and the relation between a level subset of 2-absorbing vague weakly complete Γ-ideals and 2-absorbing Γ-ideals is given. The image and inverse image of a 2-absorbing vague weakly complete Γ-ideal of a Γ-ring and 2-absorbing K-vague Γ-ideal of a Γ-ring are studied and a 1-1 inclusion-preserving correspondence theorem is given. A vague quotient Γ-ring of R induced by a 2-absorbing vague weakly complete Γ-ideal of a 2-absorbing Γ-ring is characterized, and a diagram is obtained that shows the relationship between these concepts with a 2-absorbing Γ-ideal

Baseline executive functions and receiving cognitive rehabilitation can predict treatment response in people with opioid use disorder

TR and AF have received supports from the Cognitive Science and Technologies Council (CSTC) of Iran and Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) for the ongoing Clinical Trial with NECOREDA.Background Impaired cognitive functions, particularly executive function, predicts poor treatment success in people with substance use disorders. The current study investigated the effect of receiving adjunct cognitive rehabilitation and baseline executive function (EF) measures on treatment response among people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Method The analysis sample consisted of 113 participants with OUD who were discharged from a compulsory court-mandated methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and followed for 3 months. We used the Backward digit span/Auditory verbal learning, Stroop, and Trail making tests to assess the three measures of EF, including working memory, inhibition, and shifting, respectively. Treatment response was operationalized as (1) treatment retention and (2) the number of positive urine tests for morphine during 3-month follow-up periods. The study used Cox's proportional hazards model and linear mixed model to identify predictive factors. Results Lower Stroop interference scores predicted increased length of stay in treatment (χ2 = 33.15, P < 0.001). The linear mixed model showed that scores on auditory verbal learning test and group intervention predicted the number of positive urine tests during a 3-month follow-up. Conclusion Working memory and inhibitory control, as well as receiving cognitive rehabilitation, could be potentially considered as predictors of treatment response for newly MMT admitted patients with OUD. Assessment of EF before treatment initiation may inform treatment providers about patient's cognitive deficits that may interfere with therapeutic interventions.PostprintPeer reviewe

EDC-Protein Network Formation in Uvea Melanoma; An Analysis of Melanoma Metastasis-Associated Genes

Abstract: Background: Melanoma is a kind of pigment cell cancer that affects the iris, ciliary body, or choroid of the eye (collectively referred to as the uvea). Tumors arise from pigment cells located inside the uvea that stain the eye. Metastasis of melanoma in the eye can damage a number of melanoma, such as the liver. Early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma can prevent possible problems, including decreased vision or complete loss of the eye. The most common manifestations of the disease are blurred vision, diplopia,&nbsp; photopsia and proptosis. Material and Methods: First, the accession number GSE22138 was used to access the Gene Expression Omnibus at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (GEO). Then, 2000 metastatic and non-metastatic melanoma genes were extracted from the NCBI database together with their P-value. Then, by constructing the PPI network, we established ten modules for the genes with the highest expression levels. The comptox database was used to identify possible Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) for 17 high-expression genes. Cytoscape software was used to visualize the EDC-Protein network for these genes. Finally, we analyzed GO (Gene-Ontology) and molecular pathways using the DAVID database. &nbsp;Result: In melanoma, 120 potential EDCs were identified to have regulatory effects on gene expression. We present oryzalin as a very effective EDC based on a comprehensive evaluation of various EDCs for metastatic Melanoma. Conclusion: Oryzalin is the EDC with the highest degree in our network. However, these results need to be experimentally confirmed to suggest improved prevention