A comprehensive review on methods for solving FACTS optimization problem in power systems.

This paper presents a comprehensive review of various methods for solution of flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) optimization problem in power systems. First, it explains the requirements of an ideal solution for FACTS optimization problem, then classifies the methods used by researchers in four main groups as classical methods, technical methods, heuristics and mixed methods, and discusses thoroughly about characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each group of methods. Finally, according to the pros and cons of these methods, heuristic methods are determined as the most effective group of optimizers and also some hints are offered for future researches on this area

An IoT-enabled hierarchical decentralized framework for multi-energy microgrids market management in the presence of smart prosumers using a deep learning-based forecaster

The integrated exploitation of different energy infrastructures in the form of multi-energy systems (MESs) and the transformation of traditional prosumers into smart prosumers are two effective pathways to achieve net-zero emission energy systems in the near future. Managing different energy markets is one of the biggest challenges for the operators of MESs, since different carriers are traded in them simultaneously. Hence, this paper presents a hierarchical decentralized framework for the simultaneous management of electricity, heat and hydrogen markets among multi-energy microgrids (MEMGs) integrated with smart prosumers. The market strategy of MEMGs is deployed using a hierarchical framework and considering the programs requested by smart prosumers. A deep learning-based forecaster is utilized to predict uncertain parameters while a risk-averse information gap decision theory (IGDT)-based strategy controls the scheduling risk. A new prediction-based mechanism for designing dynamic demand response (DR) schemes compatible with smart prosumers’ behavior is introduced, and the results illustrate that this mechanism reduces the electricity and heat clearing prices in peak hours by 17.5 and 8.78, respectively. Moreover, the results reveal that the introduced structure for hydrogen exchange through the transportation system has the ability to be implemented in competitive markets. Overall, the simulation results confirm that the proposed hierarchical model is able to optimally manage the competitive markets of electricity, heat and hydrogen by taking advantage of the potential of smart prosumers