8 research outputs found
Identification of the Different Mechanisms of Activation of a [Ru<sup>II</sup>(tpy)(bpy)(OH<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>2+</sup> Catalyst by Modified Ruthenium Sensitizers in Supramolecular Complexes
We report the synthesis and photophysical
studies of two different
complexes incorporating a chromophore and a catalyst within the same
structure. The chromophores used are of the form [(bpy)<sub>2</sub>(phen)Ru<sup>II</sup>]<sup>2+</sup> and [(COOEt)<sub>2</sub>bpy)<sub>2</sub>(phen)Ru<sup>II</sup>]<sup>2+</sup>. The electron-withdrawing
auxophores in the periphery of the bipyridine ligands convey the chromophores
with different chemical and photophysical properties. The catalyst
incorporated is [Ru<sup>II</sup>(tpy)(bpy)(OH<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>2+</sup> which has been shown to carry out the catalytic oxidation of water
and organic substrates. We present the different mechanisms of light-driven
activation observed for the catalyst. Depending on the electronic
properties of the chromophores, these can act as antenna systems by
activating the catalyst via energy transfer followed by electron transfer
to an acceptor or as chromophores, in which case activation of the
catalyst is done by direct electron transfer from the photo-oxidized
sensitizer. The oxidized form of the catalyst formed by either mechanism
is stable on a time scale of milliseconds
Resistance of canola cultivars affect life table parameters of Nysius cymoides (Spinola) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)
A life table can be used as an important and appropriate tool to evaluate the susceptibility or resistance level of different
host plant cultivars to insect pests. In the current study, we determined the suitability or inferiority of five different canola cultivars
(Hayula420, Hayula401, Hayula50, Hayula60, RGS) to Nysius cymoides, under laboratory conditions. Data were analysed based on
the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Nysius cymoides which fed on Hayula420 had the longest nymphal period, while those which
fed on Hayula50 had the shortest nymphal period. Developmental times (sum of incubation and nymphal periods) was longest for
those which fe d on Hayula420 and the shortest for those which fed on Hayula50. The adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total
pre-oviposition period (TPOP), mean fecundity, and adult longevity of adults reared on different canola cultivars showed significant
differences. The highest and lowest net reproductive rates (R0) were obtained for those which fed on Hayula420 (11.40 offspring per
individual) and Hayula401 (5.47 offspring per individual), respectively. The highest value (0.0395 d–1) for the intrinsic rate of increase (r)
was obtained for those which fed on Hayula 60 cultivar and the lowest value (0.0261 d–1) for those which fed on Hayula401 cultivar. The
shortest and longest mean generation times (T) were obtained for those which fed on RGS and H401 cultivars, respectively. The lowest
and highest values of life expectancy (exj) were obtained for those which fed on RGS and Hayula420 cultivars, respectively. The results
showed that Hayula401 and RGS were not susceptible cultivars to N. cymoides. These cultivars showed higher resistance to N. cymoides,
while Hayula60, Hayula420, and Hayula50 were found to be suitable cultivars but with lower resistance to N. cymoides, respectively
Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort
Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses
Comparison of Common Monogenic Defects in a Large Predominantly Antibody Deficiency Cohort
Background: Predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs) are the most common primary immunodeficiencies, characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and inability to generate effective antibody responses. Objective: We intended to report most common monogenic PADs and to investigate how patients with PAD who were primarily diagnosed as suffering from agammaglobulinemia, hyper-IgM (HIgM) syndrome, and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) have different clinical and immunological findings. Methods: Stepwise next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed for confirmation of the mutations in the patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from agammaglobulinemia, HIgM syndrome, and CVID. Results: Among 550 registered patients, the predominant genetic defects associated with agammaglobulinemia (48 Bruton's tyrosine kinase [BTK] and 6 μ heavy chain deficiencies), HIgM syndrome (21 CD40 ligand and 7 activation-induced cytidine deaminase deficiencies), and CVID (17 lipopolysaccharides-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency and 12 atypical Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, and Facial dysmorphism syndromes) were identified. Clinical disease severity was significantly higher in patients with μ heavy chain and CD40 ligand mutations compared with patients with BTK (P = .003) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase (P = .009) mutations. Paralysis following live polio vaccination was considerably higher in patients with μ heavy chain deficiency compared with BTK deficiency (P < .001). We found a genotype-phenotype correlation among patients with BTK mutations regarding clinical manifestation of meningitis and chronic diarrhea. Surprisingly, we noticed that first presentations in most patients with Immunodeficiency, Centromeric instability, and Facial dysmorphism were respiratory complications (P = .008), whereas first presentations in patients with lipopolysaccharides-responsive beige-like anchor deficiency were nonrespiratory complications (P = .008). Conclusions: This study highlights similarities and differences in the clinical and genetic spectrum of the most common PAD-associated gene defects. This comprehensive comparison will facilitate clinical decision making, and improve prognosis and targeted treatment