1-Ethenyl-4-[(phenylsulfanyl)methyl]­benzene

The dihedral angle between the aromatic rings in the title compound, C15H14S, is 72.38 (7)°. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are connected by C—H⋯π inter­actions

Bis(methyl xanthato)-κS;κ2 S:S′-(triphenyl­phosphane-κP)palladium(II)

The title compound, [Pd(C2H3OS2)2(C18H15P)], features a palladium complex with a triphenyl­phosphane ligand and two xanthate ligands, one of them coordinates in a bidentate and the other in a monodentate fashion, giving rise to a slightly distorted square-planar coordination of the PdII ion. As a result of this difference in the coordination modes, the C—S bond lengths are different, viz. 1.687 (2) and 1.692 (2) Å in the bidentate ligand and 1.723 (2) Å in the monodentate ligand, whereas the non-coordinating S atom has a C—S distance of 1.649 (2) Å. The crystal packing is stabilized by C—H⋯O inter­actions

Nanoparticles as New Therapeutic Agents against Candida albicans

Candida albicans is an opportunistic dimorphic yeast. This organism is pathogen associated to superficial and systemic infections. Actually, Candida albicans represents an emergent pathogen especially in a patient with some immunity compromises. Added to this, the use of antifungal in an indiscriminate form has increased the resistance of the existing drugs. In this aspect, the nanotechnology generates the possibility of creating new therapeutic agents. Nanoparticles are structures of 1–100 nm with special physicochemical characteristics that allow it to function as therapeutic agents or as carriers of these. Palladium, silver, and gold metallic nanoparticles and iron, titanium, zinc, and copper oxides have been used as growth inhibitors. These nanoparticles have been proved alone or in form of nanocomposites. The objective of this chapter is to describe the state of the art of the use of nanoparticles as inhibitors of the growth of Candida albicans, as well as the most relevant results regarding the mechanisms involved in this inhibition

Wikification of learning objects using metadata as an alternative context for disambiguation

We present a methodology to wikify learning objects. Our proposal is focused on two processes: word sense disambiguation and relevant phrase selection. The disambiguation process involves the use of the learning objects metadata as either additional or alternative context. This increases the probability of success when a learning object has a low quality context. The selection of relevant phrases is perf ormed by identifying the highest values of semantic relat edness between the main subject of a learning object and t he phrases. This criterion is useful for achieving the didactic objectives of the learning object

COMPARACIÓN MORFOMÉTRICA EN POBLACIONES DE MELIPONA BEECHEII DEL MUNICIPIO DE CIENFUEGOS

The study of the morphometric characters allowed to identify the similarities and differences between two populations ofstingless bee Melipona beecheii of the municipality of Cienfuegos. To study the morphometric affinities, 15 to 20 young workers from the breeding chamber were selected and preserved in absolute ethanol at -20°C for subsequent analysis inthe microbiology laboratory of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Cienfuegos. The evaluation of 12 morphological characters, 8 did not present significant differences, except for the width of the head (CA) 5.016 ± 0.014, the length of the head (4.311 ± 0.024) and length of the femur (4.398 ± 0.022) which were slightly greater for samples of themeliponary located in Pepe Rivas compared to the samples of Reina, where only difference was shown in the length of the tibia (4.075 ± 0.028). The degree of cephalic maculation of two populations of bees studied shown a degree of coloration in the middle, range in which yellow markings cover between 10 - 50% of the clypeus and supraclypeal area and extend as thinlines in the malar area around the eyes. The results of the morphological analysis and the degree of cephalic maculationsuggest that the populations of Melipona beecheii of Cienfuegos are similar to those studied in western Cuba and Yucatan.El estudio de los caracteres morfométricos permitió identificar las similitudes y diferencias poblacionales de abeja Melipona beecheii en el municipio de Cienfuegos. Para estudiar las afinidades morfométricas se seleccionaron de 10 obreras jóvenesdirectamente de la cámara de cría y se preservaron en etanol absoluto a -20°C para su posterior análisis morfométrico. Laevaluación de 12 caracteres morfológicos, 8 no presentaron diferencias significativas, excepto para el ancho de la cabeza(AC) 5,016 ± 0,014, largo de la cabeza (4,311 ± 0,024) y largo del fémur (4,398 ± 0,022) que fueron ligeramente mayores para muestras del meliponario ubicado en Pepe Rivas en comparación con las muestras de Reina, donde solo se mostró diferencia en el largo de la tibia (4,075 ± 0,028). El grado de maculación cefálica de las poblaciones de abejas estudiadas mostraron un grado de coloración en la media, rango en el cual las marcas amarillas cubren entre el 10 - 50% del clypeus y del área supraclypeal y se extienden como delgadas líneas en el área malar alrededor de los ojos. Los resultados sugierenque las poblaciones de abejas Melipona estudiadas en Cienfuegos son similares a las estudiadas en el occidente de Cuba y Yucatán

Quiste nasopalatino: Diagnóstico clínico, radiológico e histopatológico en endodoncia.

Las lesiones periapicales son una respuesta a un proceso inflamatorio que involucra la raíz de un diente necrótico.El quiste del conducto nasopalatino es un quiste no odontogénico de la cavidad oral

1,3-Bis[(naphthalen-2-ylsulfan­yl)meth­yl]benzene

Mol­ecules of the title compound, C28H22S2, are located on a crystallographic mirror plane with one half-mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. The dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the naphthyl unit is 83.14 (7)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are inter­connected by C—H⋯S and C—H⋯π inter­actions

Rescate de embriones en híbridos intergenéricos Helianthus annuus x Tithonia rotundifolia

In this research an in vitro technique was developed for production and propagation of intergeneric hybrids from immature seeds produced by crossing the domestic sunflower Helianthus annuus and the wild species Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S. F. Blake. For embryo rescue in tissue culture the greatest success was obtained with the sequential use of three Murashige-Skoog based media: a) with amino acids and growth regulator BAP for germination, b) without amino acids and with BAP for micropropagation, and c) without vitamins and growth regulator ANA for root development. The amino acids were added as a source of organic nitrogen. From a single seedling a total of 130 healthy plantlets were obtained. Twenty of them were taken for acclimatization, and only one reached an incomplete flowering stage. Therefore, standardizing acclimatization conditions is still required. In particular, it is necessary to establish treatments that allow a clear definition of the specific conditions for the acclimatization of the hybrid, through the test of different substrate mixtures and nutritive solutions under controlled environmental conditions. It is recommended to try the use of retardants and amino acids, as well as modifications in light intensity.En esta investigación se desarrolló una técnica in vitro para producir y propagar híbridos intergenéricos a partir de semillas inmaduras producto del cruzamiento del girasol cultivado Helianthus annuus L. con la especie silvestre Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S. F. Blake. Para el rescate de embriones inmaduros en cultivo de tejidos el mayor éxito se obtuvo con el uso secuencial de tres medios basados en el de Murashige-Skoog: a) con adición de aminoácidos y el regulador de crecimiento BAP para germinación, b) sin aminoácidos y con BAP para micropropagación, y c) sin vitaminas y con el regulador de crecimiento ANA para enraizamiento. Los aminoácidos se agregaron como fuente de nitrógeno orgánico. A partir de una plántula se lograron obtener 130 en buenas condiciones de sanidad. Veinte de ellas se llevaron a aclimatación, y solamente una generó botones y llegó a floración inconclusa, por lo que aún se requiere estandarizar las condiciones de aclimatación. En particular, se necesita establecer tratamientos que permitan definir con claridad las condiciones específicas para aclimatar el híbrido, a través de la prueba de diferentes mezclas de sustratos y soluciones nutritivas bajo condiciones ambientales controladas. Se recomienda probar el manejo de retardantes y aminoácidos, así como realizar modificaciones en la intensidad de luz

A second monoclinic polymorph of {2,6-bis[(2,4,5-trifluoro­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]pyridine-κ3 N,N′,N′′}dichloridonickel(II)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [NiCl2(C19H9F6N3)], contains one half-mol­ecule residing on a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. The title compound crystallizes in space group C2/c while the previously reported polymorph was reported in P21/c [Baldovino-Pantaleón et al. (2006 ▶). Adv. Synth. Catal. 348, 236–242]. The Ni2+ ion exhibits a penta­coordinate distorted trigonal–bipyramidal NiCl2N3 geometry, with two Cl atoms in the equatorial plane. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—F⋯π [F⋯centroid = 2.9676 (14) Å] inter­actions

trans-Bis(5-amino-1,3,4-thia­diazol-2-thio­lato-κS 2)bis­(triphenyl­phosphane-κP)palladium(II) dimethyl sulfoxide disolvate hemihydrate

The title complex, [Pd(C2H2N3S2)2(C18H15P)2]·2C2H6OS·0.5H2O, was obtained from the reaction of trans-[(Ph3P)2PdCl2] with 5-amino-1,3,4-thia­diazole-2-thione (SSNH2) in a 2:1 molar ratio. The PdII atom, located in a crystallographic center of symmetry, has a square-planar geometry with two triphenyl­phosphine P-coordinated mol­ecules and two SSNH2 ligands with the S atoms in a trans conformation. The latter ligand exhibits N—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding contacts formed by the amino group with the thia­diazole ring, generating a chain along the c axis. The asymmetric unit contains one half of the complex mol­ecule along with disordered dimethyl sulfoxide and water mol­ecules