Modelación cartográfico - hidrológica de la cuenca alta del río Tahuando para el manejo del recurso hídrico mediante herramientas SIG

Realizar la modelación Cartográfico - Hidrológica de la cuenca alta del río Tahuando mediante herramientas SIG, para determinar la disponibilidad y manejo del recurso agua.Se realizó la modelación cartográfica - hidrológico de la cuenca alta del río Tahuando para el manejo del recurso hídrico mediante la aplicación de herramientas SIG. Para esto se identificaron los problemas del área de estudio en base a los reconocimientos de trabajo de campo. Se identificaron las áreas de recarga hídrica y se determinó el balance hídrico para conocer la cantidad del recurso hídrico con fines aprovechamiento, usando los datos del Sistema Nacional de Información, tales como: uso del suelo y cobertura vegetal, modelo digital de elevación, zonas de vida, tipo de suelos, e información meteorológica de los anuarios del Instituto Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología (INAMHI). La identificación de las áreas de recarga hídrica se realizó mediante la metodología elaborada por el Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación. Esta consistió en aplicar la técnica de álgebra de mapas con información cartográfica de la pendiente, tipo de suelo, cobertura vegetal, tipo de roca y uso del suelo. En la investigación determinó que la cuenca alta del rio Tahuando con un (64,45%) se considera como una buena productora de agua por las posibilidades de recargas moderadas altas y muy altas presentes en el área de estudio. Además los resultados del balance hídrico determinaron que hay un excedente de agua en todos los meses. Se realizó el coeficiente satisfactorio con los datos simulados y medidos en campo aplicando la fórmula de corrección y regresión lineal, obteniendo un valor de 0,95 demostrando que hubo un buen ajuste entre los datos simulados y medidos. En base a los resultados obtenidos se realizó la propuesta de estrategias de manejo de la cuenca alta del río Tahuando, determinando dos estrategias de manejo, la primera es la elaboración, implementación y socialización de planes de manejo y la segunda la implementación de un programa de educación ambiental, estas estrategias se plantearon con el fin de alcanzar un manejo adecuado de la cuenca

Caracterização da capacidade intelectual, fatores sócio-demográficos e acadêmicos de estudantes com alto e baixo desempenho nos exame Saber Pro – ano 2012

This paper is derived from a study aimed at characterizing the intellectual capacity, socio-demographic and academic factors of students with high and low test performance in the Saber Pro exams. We analyzed the scores reported by the Colombian Institute for the Promotion of Higher Education (ICFES ) for the period I and II of 2012 and the data reported by the psychology program of a University about intellectual ability, sociodemographic and academic characteristics of 68 students who were studying psychology in the ninth and tenth semester, whose ages ranged between 21 and 52 years, and presented the exam in the period mentioned. The data processing was performed using SPSS 18.0 statistical software using descriptive statistics and Student t test. The results indicate that students with better performance have specific sociodemographic characteristics, high intellectual ability, good academic performance, career interests related to study areas and appropriate study habits and techniques.Las políticas educativas sobre calidad de la educación superior en Colombia demandan a las instituciones que sus estudiantes próximos a graduarse presenten una prueba nacional denominada Saber Pro para evaluar las competencias desarrolladas durante el proceso educativo. Esta evaluación tiene impacto en la lectura de la sociedad sobre el tipo de estudiante que egresa como profesional y los procesos institucionales de mejoramiento continuo. En este marco, el desempeño académico es equiparable con los resultados obtenidos en la prueba mencionada, por ello se hace presente la preocupación por indagar sobre los factores diferenciadores en estudiantes que logran un buen desempeño en comparación con aquellos que no. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo caracterizar la capacidad intelectual, factores socio-demográficos y académicos de estudiantes con alto y bajo desempeño en los exámenes Saber Pro. Para ello se analizaron los puntajes reportados por el Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior (ICFES) del periodo I y II de 2012 y los datos reportados por el programa de psicología de la Universidad objeto de estudio sobre capacidad intelectual, características sociodemográficas y académicas de 68 estudiantes que presentaron las pruebas en el periodo mencionado. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó mediante el software estadístico SPSS 18.0 aplicando estadígrafos descriptivos y prueba T Student.Los resultados indican que los estudiantes con mejor desempeño tienen unas características sociodemográficas específicas, capacidad intelectual alta, buen desempeño académico, intereses profesionales relacionados con las áreas de la carrera y adecuados hábitos y técnicas de estudio.As políticas educativas sobre a qualidade da educação superior na Colômbia demandam às instituições que seus estudantes próximos a se formar apresentem uma prova nacional denominada Saber Pro para avaliar as competências desenvolvidas durante o processo educativo. Este exame tem impacto na leitura da sociedade sobre o tipo de estudante que se forma como profissional e os processos institucionais de melhora contínua. Neste marco, o desempenho acadêmico é equiparável com os resultados obtidos na prova mencionada, por isso apresenta-se a preocupação por indagar sobre os fatores diferenciadores em estudantes que conseguem um bom desempenho em comparação com aqueles que não. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a capacidade intelectual, fatores sócio-demográficos e acadêmicos de estudantes com alto e baixo desempenho nos exames Saber Pro. Para isto analisaram-se as pontuações reportadas pelo Instituto Colombiano para o Fomento da Educação Superior (ICFES) di período I e II do ano 2012 e os dados reportados pelo programa de psicologia da Universidade objeto de estudo sobre capacidade intelectual, características sócio-demográficas e acadêmicas de 68 estudantes que apresentaram as provas no período mencionado. O processamento dos dados realizou-se mediante o software estadístico SPSS 18.0 aplicando estadísticos descritivos e prova T Student. Os resultados indicam que os estudantes com melhor desempenho têm umas características sócio-demográficas específicas, capacidade intelectual alta, bom desempenho acadêmico, interesses profissionais relacionados com as áreas do programa de estudo e adequados hábitos e técnicas de estudo

PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE PREVENTION AND REDUCTION PROGRAMS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Objectives: the objective of this systematic review is to describe the findings on the use of psychoactive substances in university students and the factors associated with their use to delve into the need to propose programs to reduce and prevent their use. The following questions were asked: What are the factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students? Are there protective factors for mental health in university students? Is it necessary to implement programs to prevent and reduce the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students? Likewise, it is intended to alert higher education institutions about the young population at risk for the consumption of psychoactive substances. Methods: the study is a descriptive-exploratory systematic review that assumes a methodological route for a thematic search in the thesauri of MeSH, PubMed, and Scopus. The following equations defined the search: (factors associated with psychoactive substance use) [MeSH Terms] AND (youth people) OR (university students) AND (programs for the prevention) AND (university students). As inclusion criteria, publications had to be related to intervention programs for university students and factors associated with psychoactive substance use between the years 2013-2021 and those related to psychoactive substance use in high school students, children, couples, drivers, and pregnant women were excluded. Results: The number of records identified in the search with MeSH terms was 91,619 documents. Subsequently, a title selection was performed containing the aforementioned combinations of search terms in the title. Regarding the inclusion of the abstract, full articles were retrieved and carefully examined for content, yielding 58 articles eligible for review. Subsequently, duplicate titles and those that did not meet the criteria were eliminated, obtaining under inclusion criteria a total of 13 articles included in the review. Conclusions: The studies found emphasize the responsibility of the University to be interested in proposing interventions to reduce and prevent the use and abuse of psychoactive substances among students. These interventions could be focused on strengthening support networks, promoting protective factors, psychological well-being and intervention with the family, a program that promotes a positive vision of the future, which translates into planning a life project while becoming professionals and inclusion in groups from the wellbeing programs or any other offered by the university

Aggression, Conflict and Peace ResearchMental health problems, family functioning and social support among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict

Purpose - Colombia presents with one of the largest armed conflicts in the world. Children exposed directly or indirectly to armed conflicts live the emotional footprints left by war. This study identified mental health problems among children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict and associated factors. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study with (n=80) children aged 7 to 11 years (M=9.8 years; SD= 1.4) was conducted using the Child Behavior Checklist, Family APGAR, and MOS social support survey adaptation to children. Linear regression analyses were also performed with emotional and behavioral problems as the outcomes and related factors as the predictors. Findings - Clinical levels of emotional and behavioral problems were found in 56.3% of children. Internalizing problems (63.7%) were more common than externalizing problems (51.2%). Older children had greater emotional problems at the trend level, and those with higher functioning families had lower emotional problems. Children with higher perceived social support had lower behavior problems at the trend level. Research limitations/implications - This study includes a sample facing multiple risks and uses a holistic approach to consider family and social resources that may support children who are survivors of the armed conflict in Colombia. These results provide a foundation for future promotion and prevention programs related to children’s mental health problems to support peacebuilding within the framework of the Colombian post-conflict process. Originality/value – To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to collect empirical data on the mental health of children survivors of Colombia’s armed conflict focused in the Atlantic Department

The experience of informal caregivers of children with disabilities: objective and subjective burden - a systematic review

Objective: Describe the experience of informal caregivers of children with disabilities to understand the burden of caregiving. Methods: This article uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), we defined study inclusion criteria using a PICOS scheme. Essentially, we included only studies that reported data on documents related to caregivers: fathers and mothers of children, adolescents, and adults (P = Population) who diagnosed with any type of disability (I = Intervention), compared to formal caregivers (C = Comparison), and that these parents had the experience of being a caregiver (O = Outcome). In terms of study design, studies with any type of design were included to get a broader view of how existing research has addressed the issue, and a full understanding of the implications of informal caregiving (S = Study Design). The thematic research was carried out in the thesauri of MeSH, my NCBI, PubMed and Scopus. The MeSH terms were used in databases the search was guided by the terms suggested in their Thesaurus tool. Results: The initial search retrieved 136 records. After duplicates were removed (n = 86), the remaining 50 records (titles and abstracts) were screened against our study inclusion criteria, resulting in the exclusion of another 30. Titles not relevant or unrelated to the topic; titles mentioning disability, but not parents; those alluding to formal care; those describing formal medical or nursing care; and those describing nursing caregivers were excluded. Conclusion: A promising avenue for addressing informal caregiving emerges by delving into the need to propose interventions that improve the physical and mental health of caregivers. These interventions should urgently focus on the mental health of mothers, who present greater psychological distress than fathers. It is necessary to propose programs that reveal the need to care for the caregiver, according to the subjective burden (stress); and programs that promote the care of children with disabilities (objective burden), who may be affected by the mental health of their caregiver

Method to identify and predict suicide risk profiles of adolescents using techniques of conglomerate analysis and artificial neural network

En este trabajo de investigación, se presenta un método para identificar y pronosticar perfiles de riesgo suicida en adolescentes a partir del caso de estudio de estudiantes de secundaria de escuela pública del departamento del Atlántico. Como fundamento teórico se utilizó la literatura asociada a la evaluación del riesgo suicida, el análisis de conglomerados y las redes neuronales artificiales. Para lo anterior, se tomó información relacionada con los factores de riesgo suicida desesperanza, ideación, aislamiento y apoyo familiar de una muestra de 119 estudiantes adolescentes de los grados noveno al undécimo del departamento del Atlántico. Como resultado se desarrolló un método para identificar, valorar y pronosticar perfiles de riesgo suicida en adolescentes. Se concluye que el análisis de conglomerados mostró condiciones favorables para clasificar 4 perfiles característicos de riesgo suicida y las redes neuronales artificiales capacidad de pronosticar con una probabilidad del 95,5% de clasificación correcta.This article presents the profiles of suicide risk in 119 adolescent high school students of public schools of the department of Atlántico. As a theoretical basis, the literature associated with the evaluation of suicide risk, the analysis of conglomerates and the artificial neural networks were used. For the above, information was taken related to suicidal risk factors, hopelessness, ideation, isolation and family support. As a result, a method was developed to identify, assess and predict suicide risk profiles in adolescents. It is concluded that the cluster analysis showed favorable conditions to classify 4 characteristic profiles of suicide risk and artificial neural networks with a capacity to predict with a 95.5% probability of correct classification

Método para identificar y pronosticar riesgo suicida perfiles de en adolescentes mediante técnicas de análisis de conglomerado y red neuronal artificial

En este trabajo de investigación, se presenta un método paraidentificar y pronosticar perfiles de riesgo suicida en adolescentesa partir del caso de estudio de estudiantes de secundariade escuela pública del departamento del Atlántico.Como fundamento teórico se utilizó la literatura asociada ala evaluación del riesgo suicida, el análisis de conglomeradosy las redes neuronales artificiales. Para lo anterior, setomó información relacionada con los factores de riesgo suicidadesesperanza, ideación, aislamiento y apoyo familiar deuna muestra de 119 estudiantes adolescentes de los gradosnoveno al undécimo del departamento del Atlántico. Comoresultado se desarrolló un método para identificar, valorar ypronosticar perfiles de riesgo suicida en adolescentes. Seconcluye que el análisis de conglomerados mostró condicionesfavorables para clasificar 4 perfiles característicos deriesgo suicida y las redes neuronales artificiales capacidadde pronosticar con una probabilidad del 95,5% de clasificacióncorrecta

Prácticas parentales como predictoras de la ideación suicida en adolescentes colombianos (Parenting practices, predictor of Colombian adolescents suicidal ideation)

Resumen  Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar en qué medida las prácticas parentales paternas y maternas predicen la ideación suicida en un grupo de hombres y mujeres adolescentes colombianos. Método: Participaron 328 estudiantes adolescentes inscritos en escuelas públicas. Se utilizó la escala de Prácticas Parentales para Adolescentes (PP-A) elaborada por Andrade y Betancourt y una escala para medir la Ideación Suicida, constituida por ocho ítems que refieren a ideas de quitarse la vida. Resultados: Indican la existencia de correlaciones entre ideación suicida y control psicológico materno (0,183**) e imposición (-,282**) en los hombres y entre ideación suicida y autonomía (-,383**), control psicológico materno (,302**) e imposición (,383**) en mujeres. También se evidenció que las dimensiones que predicen en mayor medida la ideación suicida en hombres y mujeres son el control psicológico materno y la imposición paterna. Conclusiones: Se discute el papel de algunas prácticas parentales que pueden constituirse como posible factor de riesgo para disponer a los jóvenes hacia el suicidio. Abstract:  Objective: This study aims to determine how parental and maternal parenting practices may predict suicidal ideation in a group of Colombian male and female teenagers. Method: 328 teenagers who belong to public schools were sampled. 7-items related to wanting to take one’s own life, (PP-A) Parenting Practices scale for teenagers was used. Results: Show correlations between suicidal ideation and maternal psychological control (0,183**) and impose (-, 282 **), in men between suicidal ideation and autonomy (-, 383**), in women, maternal psychological control (,302**) and impose (, 383**). Also, it is shown that maternal psychological control and parental impose are evident aspects which predict further suicidal ideation in men and women. Conclusion: The role of some parenting practices can become a suicidal risk factor for young people