On the absence of acylated anthocyanins in some wild grapevine accessions

Our current research is focused on the anthocyanin composition of female grape accessions, mostly Spanish, preserved at El Encín Germplasm Bank. In 2008, berries of 126 accessions were taken at maturity. After the extraction from grape skins, total anthocyans were determined by spectrophotometry, and the anthocyanin fingerprint of grapes by HPLC, considering the relative amount of 15 anthocyanins. Among those 126 accessions, 23 genotypes (18.25 %) did not present acylated anthocyanins. Thus, those 23 genotypes presented a characteristic anthocyanin fingerprint, similar at a certain extent to that presented by some Rhine basin and Italian grape cultivars, e.g., 'Pinot Noir' and 'Gaglioppo'. Nevertheless, the absence of acylated anthocyanins has not been described in any Spanish grape cultivar. The examination of the anthocyanin fingerprint of wild grapes without acylated anthocyanins reveals that the regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis may differ in various wild grape accessions.

La educación artística a través de las ciudades de Gerhard Richter: materialidad, agencia y memoria tras la II Guerra Mundial

El presente trabajo aborda la obra de Gerhard Richter desde su relación con la representación de la ciudad. Richter trae al frente un tipo de pintura basado en la interpretación de algunas urbes europeas desde la abstracción que traen al frente la presentación en planta, de vistas cenitales, que configuran sus espacios. Esta desfiguración de lo característico de un lugar, conecta la tradición figurativa con los nuevos lenguajes gestuales en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Las revisiones de la ciudad a partir de la abstracción e sus planos enlazan con la memoria enterrada bajo sus ruinas, proveniente de los conflictos bélicos de la II Guerra Mundial y se relacionan, a su vez, con lo fragmentario, lo anónimo y lo indiferente que en ellas habita. Forzando una reflexión en términos icónicos en plena reconstrucción de la memoria histórica alemana, sirviendo como una metodología activa para la educación artística de los individuos a favor de una emancipación del alumnado en términos visuales. The present work approaches the work of Gerhard Richter from his relation with the representation of the city. Richter brings to the front a type of painting based on the interpretation of some European cities from the abstraction presented by the plants that make up their spaces. This disfigurement of the characteristic of a place connects the figurative tradition with the new gestural languages in the second half of the 20th century. The revisions of the city from the abstraction of its planes link with the memory of its ruins from the war conflicts of World War II and are related, in turn, to the fragmentary, the anonymous and the indifferent in them live. Forcing a reflection in iconic terms in full reconstruction of German historical memory, serving as an active methodology for the artistic education of individuals, favoring of emancipation of students in visual terms

El reordenamiento de la fotografía más allá de su estatuto indicial: nuevos imaginarios y narrativas sobre la imagen foto contemporánea para su educación

El presente artículo trae al frente una de las posibilidades actuales de nuevos imaginarios que amplían los territorios de la imagen fotográfica, más allá de una definición del término clásico, interrumpido por las nuevas formas de hacer de las imágenes en nuestro tiempo. Esta circunstancia está propiciada por la incursión de nuevos softwares de edición y creación de imágenes que se apropian de la estética de la imagen lúcida convirtiéndose, en su apariencia, en auténticas fotografías. Para ello, primero centramos el debate de los nuevos imaginarios y visualidades que tienen lugar en términos de velocidad y eficiencia, a medio camino de los mundos físicos y digitales. Segundo, se aborda la apariencia como la clave para la presentación de estas imágenes, llegando al tercer punto, donde las herramientas digitales son generadoras de nuevos contenidos e identidades que pasan inadvertidas entre las fotografías. En cuarto lugar, se analiza la capacidad de agencia de esta iconografía con los espectadores. Finalmente, se despliega una teoría para la ampliación de los horizontes fotográficos basada en autores y teorías de los últimos años. This article brings to the fore one of the current possibilities of new imaginaries that expand the territories of the photographic image beyond a definition of the classic term, interrupted by new ways of making images in our time. This circumstance is caused by the incursion of new image editing and creation software that appropriates the aesthetics of the lucid image, becoming, in its appearance, authentic photographs. For it, we first focus the debate on the new imageries and visualities that take place in terms of speed and efficiency, halfway between the physical and digital worlds. Second, appearance is addressed as the key to presenting these images, reaching the third point, where digital tools are generators of new content and identities that go unnoticed among the photographs. Fourth, the agency capacity of this iconography with viewers is analyzed. Finally, a theory is deployed for the expansion of photographic horizons based on authors and theories of recent years

Acercamiento al arte negroafricano desde una didáctica inclusiva

La inclusión requiere de una posición de los diferentes logros de cada cultura como referentes universales en los mismos términos que los propios, esto es, valorados en función de la aportación realizada. A pesar de ello, en los ámbitos educativos subyace una actitud etnocentrista que deslegitimiza el logro artístico de las culturas negroafricanas situándolas dentro de la esfera de lo primitivo o curioso. No obstante, los logros artísticos negroafricanos son claramente significativos tanto estética como conceptualmente, lo que nos permite reivindicar una didáctica específica en arte negroafricano distanciada de las premisas etnocéntricas así como de los procesos de deslegitimación y desestimación coloniales. Estos planteamientos han derivado en una discriminación formal y conceptual del objeto negroafricano, que hemos de rectificar incluyendo propuestas de integración no asimilacionista del arte negroafricano en las enseñanzas artísticas. Inclusion requires a position of different achievements of each culture as universal references in the same terms as their own, that is, valued based on the contribution made by each group. Despite this, there is an underlying ethnocentric attitude in educational settings that delegitimizes the artistic achievement of Negro-African cultures, placing them within the sphere of the primitive or curious. However, Negro-African artistic achievements are clearly significant both aesthetically and conceptually, which allows us to claim a specific didactics in Negro-African art distanced from ethnocentric premises as well as from colonial delegitimization and dismissal processes. These approaches have led to a formal and conceptual discrimination of the Black African object, which we must rectify by including proposals for the non-assimilationist integration of Black African art in artistic teachings

Objetos didáctico-poéticos para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y artístico en discentes del Grado de Magisterio en Educación Primaria.

El pensamiento crítico artístico del alumnado del Grado de Magisterio en Educación Primaria se construye a partir de experiencias didácticas duales: a) educación perceptiva del mundo visual y objetual que les rodea y b) educación creadora de imágenes y objetos personales. Entre las posibilidades prácticas está la elaboración de lo que denominamos en este artículo como “dispositivos didáctico-poéticos” que servirán a los futuros docentes de Educación Primaria para trabajar con los niños y las niñas en las aulas su pensamiento crítico. Presentamos los resultados del proyecto “Metáforas visuales tridimensionales: estirar hasta dar la vuelta” elaborado durante los cursos 2019-2020 y 2020-2021. En este proyecto se aplicó la metodología docente del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) en combinación con el Aprendizaje Basado en la Creación (ABC) donde convergen la didáctica y la creación. Los resultados desvelan cómo el alumnado es capaz de comprender las narrativas mediáticas y objetuales materializándolas en objetos físicos didáctico-poéticos que servirán para educar en pensamiento crítico a niños y niñas de Educación Primaria

Objetos didáctico-poéticos para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y artístico en discentes del grado de magisterio en educación primaria

El pensamiento crítico artístico del alumnado del Grado de Magisterio en Educación Primaria se construye a partir de experiencias didácticas duales: a) educación perceptiva del mundo visual y objetual que les rodea y b) educación creadora de imágenes y objetos personales. Entre las posibilidades prácticas está la elaboración de lo que denominamos en este artículo como “dispositivos didáctico-poéticos” que servirán a los futuros docentes de Educación Primaria para trabajar con los niños y las niñas en las aulas su pensamiento crítico. Presentamos los resultados del proyecto “Metáforas visuales tridimensionales: estirar hasta dar la vuelta” elaborado durante los cursos 2019-2020 y 2020-2021. En este proyecto se aplicó la metodología docente del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP) en combinación con el Aprendizaje Basado en la Creación (ABC) donde convergen la didáctica y la creación. Los resultados desvelan cómo el alumnado es capaz de comprender las narrativas mediáticas y objetuales materializándolas en objetos físicos didáctico-poéticos que servirán para educar en pensamiento crítico a niños y niñas de Educación Primaria. The artistic critical thinking of the students of the Degree in Teaching in Primary Education is built from dual didactic experiences: a) perceptive education of the visual and object world that surrounds them and b) creative education of images and personal objects. Among the practical possibilities is the development of what we call in this article "didactic- poetic devices" that will serve future Primary Education teachers to work with children in the classroom their critical thinking. We present the results of the project "Three-dimensional visual metaphors: Stretching to the point of turning" developed during the 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years. In this project we applied the teaching methodology of Project Based Learning (PBL) in combination with Creation Based Learning (CBA) where didactics and creation converge. The results reveal how students are able to understand media and object narratives, materializing them into didactic-poetic physical objects that will serve to educate elementary school children in critical thinking

África joven: arte y diáspora

Este artículo es fruto de una experiencia interuniversitaria, internacional y transdisciplinar, llevada a cabo el curso 2021-2022 en la Universidad de Lleida con la colaboración de la Universidad de Zaragoza, en la que participaron también otros colectivos e instituciones, sobre África Joven: arte y diáspora. En ella se llevaron a cabo dos Seminarios, un Seminario teórico-práctico con alumnado del Grado de Educación Social sobre el objeto artístico negroafricano como referencia del pluralismo cultural, y un Seminario Internacional con tres ponencias sobre arte, resiliencia y rehumanización donde se trató de la música, el baile y la oralidad como terapia resiliente en las tradiciones africanas y afrodiaspóricas; además, una iniciativa sobre el Top Manta, que es la marca del proyecto comercial del Sindicato Mantero y, por último, una propuesta práctica para intervenir desde el contexto artístico en colectivos en riesgo, es decir, se realizaron tres propuestas combinadas con una exposición sobre Máscaras negroafricanas titulada "Aprender a ver lo invisible"

Comparison of Figulla Flex® and Amplatzer™ devices for atrial septal defect closure: A meta-analysis

Background: Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases. Percutaneousclosure is the preferred treatment, but certain complications remain a concern. The most common devices are AMPLATZER™ (ASO) (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul, MN, USA) and Figulla Flex® septal occluders (FSO) (Occlutech GmbH, Jena, Germany). The present study aimed to assess main differences in outcomes.Methods: A systematic search in Pubmed and Google scholarship was performed by two independent reviewers for any study comparing ASO and FSO. Searched terms were “Figulla”, “Amplatzer”, and “atrial septal defect”. A random-effects model was used.Results: A total of 11 studies including 1770 patients (897 ASO; 873 FSO) were gathered. Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics were comparable although septal aneurysm was more often reported in patients treated with ASO (32% vs. 25%; p = 0.061). Success rate (94% vs. 95%; OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.38–1.71; p = 0.58) and peri-procedural complications were comparable. Procedures were shorter, requiring less fluoroscopy time with an FSO device (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.20–0.97; p = 0.003). Although the global rate of complications in long-term was similar, the ASO device was associated with a higher rate of supraventricular arrhythmias (14.7% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.009).Conclusions: Percutaneous closure of ASD is a safe and effective, irrespective of the type of device. No differences exist regarding procedural success between the ASO and FSO devices but the last was associated to shorter procedure time, less radiation, and lower rate of supraventricular arrhythmias in follow-up. Late cardiac perforation did not occur and death in the follow-up was exceptional

Self-Reported Health Status in Primary Health Care: The Influence of Immigration and Other Associated Factors

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study are to compare self-reported health status between Spanish-born and Latin American-born Spanish residents, adjusted by length of residence in the host country; and additionally, to analyse sociodemographic and psychosocial variables associated with a better health status. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional population based study of Latin American-born (n = 691) and Spanish-born (n = 903) in 15 urban primary health care centres in Madrid (Spain), carried out between 2007 and 2009. The participants provided information, through an interview, about self-reported health status, socioeconomic characteristics, psychosocial factors and migration conditions. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The Spanish-born participants reported a better health status than the Latin America-born participants (79.8% versus 69.3%, p<0.001). Different patterns of self-reported health status were observed depending on the length of residence in the host country. The proportion of immigrants with a better health status is greater in those who have been in Spain for less than five years compared to those who have stayed longer. Better health status is significantly associated with being men, under 34 years old, being Spanish-born, having a monthly incomes of over 1000 euros, and having considerable social support and low stress. CONCLUSIONS: Better self-reported health status is associated with being Spanish-born, men, under 34 years old, having an uppermiddle-socioeconomic status, adequate social support, and low stress. Additionally, length of residence in the host country is seen as a related factor in the self-reported health status of immigrants

Activation and modulation of antiviral and apoptotic genes in pigs infected with classical swine fever viruses of high, moderate or low virulence

The immune response to CSFV and the strategies of this virus to evade and suppress the pigs’ immune system are still poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the transcriptional response in the tonsils, median retropharyngeal lymph node (MRLN), and spleen of pigs infected with CSFV strains of similar origin with high, moderate, and low virulence. Using a porcine spleen/intestinal cDNA microarray, expression levels in RNA pools prepared from infected tissue at 3 dpi (three pigs per virus strain) were compared to levels in pools prepared from uninfected homologue tissues (nine pigs). A total of 44 genes were found to be differentially expressed. The genes were functionally clustered in six groups: innate and adaptive immune response, interferon-regulated genes, apoptosis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, oxidative phosphorylation and cytoskeleton. Significant up-regulation of three IFN-γ-induced genes in the MRLNs of pigs infected with the low virulence strain was the only clear qualitative difference in gene expression observed between the strains with high, moderate and low virulence. Real-time PCR analysis of four response genes in all individual samples largely confirmed the microarray data at 3 dpi. Additional PCR analysis of infected tonsil, MRLN, and spleen samples collected at 7 and 10 dpi indicated that the strong induction of expression of the antiviral response genes chemokine CXCL10 and 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetase 2, and of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene at 3 dpi, decreased to lower levels at 7 and 10 dpi. For the highly and moderately virulent strains, this decrease in antiviral and apoptotic gene expression coincided with higher levels of virus in these immune tissues