The Venice Architecture Biennale: Traces, Relevance, Topicality

Abweichender Titel nach Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersDiese Arbeit recherchiert die Geschichte der venezi-anischen Architekturbiennale „La Biennale di Vene-zia“ und untersucht die Relevanz und Aktualität von internationalen Großausstellungen dieser Art. Durch einen möglichen Beitrag im österreichischen Pavil-lon zur Biennale 2020, wird diese Studie verbildlicht. Sind biennale Kultur-Ausstellungen „vor Ort“, also kon-zentriert auf einen präzisen Ort, wie sie 1893 in Vene-dig erfunden wurden, in einem Zeitalter, in dem das In-ternet den internationalen Informationsaustausch und Fachdialog weitgehend übernommen hat, noch relevant? In wieweit unterstützt das „Verortet-sein“ die Prä-zision und Strahlkraft des globalen Diskurses? Ebenso wird der Einfluss von Biennale-Schauen auf eine Stadt und ihre Region durchleuchtet: In wie weit gelang im Fall der venezianischen Biennale die Einbettung in den lokalen politischen, sozialen und ökonomischen Kontext? Welche Visionen wurden verwirklicht? Inwieweit fungierte Kunst als Katalysator von wirtschaftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung? Am Beispiel Österreich wird gezeigt, wie sich einzelne Länder in diesem „verorteten“, doch offenen Dialog präsentieren: Wann wurde die Schau zum Stadtgespräch, zur europäischen, gar weltweiten Schlagzeile, zum Emblem, zur kollektiven Erinnerung?This thesis investigates the history of the Venice Bien-nale and examines the relevance and currency of major international exhibitions of this kind. A po-tential contribution of the Austrian Pavillon at the Biennale 2020 serves as an illustration for this work. Are “live” biennial cultural exhibitions, those which are physically “located” in a specific space - as originally con-ceived in Venice in 1893 - still relevant in an age where the internet has largely taken over the role of forum for the exchange of information and technical knowledge? To what extent does being physically “located” contribu-te to generating a targeted global discourse with broad appeal? The influence of Biennale exhibitions is equally reflected through a city and its wider region: To what extent has the Venice Biennale succeed in embedding itself in the local political, social and economic context? Which visions have been brought to life? To what extent has art served as a catalyst for economic and social development? The Austrian example demonstrates how individual countries can present themselves through this „localized“ and yet open dialogue: at what point does the show beco-me the talk of a city, a European or even global headline, an emblem, part of our collective memory?21

Sustainable Design II: Towards a new ethics for architecture and the city

Buku ini memuat karya-karya dari para arsitek yang menerapkan prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan dan ramah lingkungan. Contoh-contoh desain arsitektur dalam buku ini adalah karya-karya dari Sami Rintala, Studio Mumbai, Diabedo Francis Kere, Patrick Bouchain, Luic Julienne, Thomas Herzog, Junya Ishigami, Steve Bear, Giancarlo Mazzanti, Troper Arsitek & Snohetta. Mereka adalah pemenang yang mendapatkan penghargaan pada tahun 2009 dan 2010. Penilaiannya adalah berdasarkan metodologi masing-masing arsitek melalui esai serta dokumentasi visual dan proyek yang paling relevan

Bilancino, a specialized site for “latent technology”: an integrated approach

The application of an integrated methodology - connecting the archaeological record with morphological analysis, reconstruction of the operational-functional sequence, wear traces and analysis of the residues, ethnographical comparison and archaeological experimentation - to the study of latent technologies (i.e. related to the treatment of highly perishable raw materials) has allowed us to obtain different data which led to a coherent interpretative framework for the understanding of a Gravettian camp site. At Bilancino site different technological processes could be reported, all related to vegetal fibre (Typha) exploitation: while manufacture and use of specialized tools is documented for the treatment of vegetable fibres (Noailles burins), the further phases of fibres processing in order to obtain other products are to be inferred only as a working hypothesis (possible dyeing of these products with hematite dust). Nevertheless independently from the worked raw material the Bilancino grindstones, which still has no analytical and archaeometric comparisons in coeval European sites, testifies the adoption of an innovative technique - the grinding activity - in the Italian Gravettian, stressing both the importance of vegetal resources exploitation in Palaeolithic economies and the importance of the technological innovation within the development and the diffusion of the Gravettian culture in Europe

Multistep food plant processing at Grotta Paglicci (Southern Italy) around 32,600 cal B.P.

Residue analyses on a grinding tool recovered at Grotta Paglicci sublayer 23A [32,614 ± 429 calibrated (cal) B.P.], Southern Italy, have demonstrated that early modern humans collected and processed various plants. The recording of starch grains attributable to Avena (oat) caryopses expands our information about the food plants used for producing flour in Europe during the Paleolithic and about the origins of a food tradition persisting up to the present in the Mediterranean basin. The quantitative distribution of the starch grains on the surface of the grinding stone furnished information about the tool handling, confirming its use as a pestle-grinder, as suggested by the wear-trace analysis. The particular state of preservation of the starch grains suggests the use of a thermal treatment before grinding, possibly to accelerate drying of the plants, making the following process easier and faster. The study clearly indicates that the exploitation of plant resources was very important for hunter–gatherer populations, to the point that the Early Gravettian inhabitants of Paglicci were able to process food plants and already possessed a wealth of knowledge that was to become widespread after the dawn of agriculture

Territorial exploitation in the Tyrrhenian Gravettian Italy: The case-study of Bilancino (Tuscany)

The open-air Bilancino site (Mugello basin, Florence, Italy) may be ascribed to the Noaillian facies of the Gravettian. The site is dated to 25,410 ± 150 BP. As no faunal remains have been preserved due to the local deposit conditions, attention has been paid to the procurement strategy of the inorganic raw material – i.e. lithics and minerals – as well as to the exceptional evidence of behavior strictly related to vegetal food processing. Bilancino was a summer seasonal camp for the harvesting and the processing of hygrophilous herbs, in particular Typha latifolia (cattail). The Noailles burins were the tools that Gravettian people used to produce fibers from cattail; vegetal residues (starch) found on pestle-grinders and grinding stones provide the earliest evidence of a technique used in the preparation of flour based on wild plants. Mineral residues (hematite) found on another grinding stone, as well as fragments of this mineral found on the living floor of the site, provide evidence for the coloring of vegetable fibers and possibly other materials. Analysis of the provenance of the lithic and mineral raw material allows us to define the territory within which the Bilancino inhabitants may have found the natural sources for collecting the raw materials useful for their daily activities