Relations of Different Features in Time Management : Procrastination

Time is the most important resource for leaders. Other resources can be added or reduced but time is imperative. Resources such as personnel, capital or facilities are crucial tools for leaders, but their usage is always time dependent. People’s productivity, and hence organizations´ performance are heavily related to their time usage. On the one hand, some leader can enhance organization´s performance in a very short time period, even when work is not very efficient, and on the other hand, a leader who is very efficient may even damage the organization. Therefore, especially leaders should have conscious awareness towards their conscious awareness towards time. In my former research I have shown that people´s conscious awareness towards time, time reality, has a lot of different varieties and individuals could possess totally different or very similar time reality between different people. Also, we have found that there is correlations between time management and innovativeness. Purpose of this study is to find how different time management features are related to each other’s and what conclusions we can derive from those.Time, however, is not an easy concept to handle for leader or even understand it. It has many different faces towards people. The challenge is that chronological time, where the business and management are done, is not nearly suitable when human relations and leadership are handled. Individuals´ experiences towards time differentiates to one another and different situations are constantly changing the experience for individual. Therefore, quite often, leaders recognizes that it is hard to have schedules to match or plans to actualize within an agreed time. Some people fit more easily to same time reality with leader than others. Therefore it is crucial to find out which features of time management are related to each other’s.Study was done by developing and utilizing application called Chronos & Kairos which main purpose is to reveal individuals conscious awareness and give possibility for thorough research for peoples´ differences when experiencing time. Research data collection was executed in 2014 – 2015 and consisted of 108 individual respondents answering to application. Respondents were students from Turku University of Applied Sciences. Students were mostly from engineering and business degree programs and represented full-time students and part-time (working adult) students. Respondents answered propositions in two different systems and answered all together 2 times for 176 statements. This gives 38.016 different individual variables to research data mass. Research was made by utilizing Co-Evolute research tool, compositions for statistical analysis were done with Excel and closer statistical analysis was made by SPSS.Study results show which features of time management are related to each other and how. Future research aspects and recommendations are also issued in this paper.© 2022. Published by AHFE Open Access. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Lack of Authority, Failure of Leadership : Burden of Not Being Led

The purpose of this research is to scrutinize the difference between autocratic leadership and absence of leadership. We utilized simple division between autocratic leader and laissez-faire leader in order to find out how these stereotypical leaders’ are affecting the followers. Typically, autocratic leadership is situated to be bad leadership approach and follower’s freedom is emphasized. Cognitive constructivism and empowerment of followers are embracing the freedom and followers own responsibility. However, the question for best approach for leadership is too complex to be answered with easy solutions. Real world cases rarely fit to ideal models. In this article, we analyze how these two types of extreme ends in leadership behavior affect the followers’ feeling of certainty. We show how these approaches affect to followers by analyzing open answers with a mix method design with both quantitative and qualitative analysis.©2020 Springer. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Advances in Human Factors, Business Management and Leadership: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Factors, Business Management and Society, and Human Factors in Management and Leadership, July 16-20, 2020, USA. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50791-6_28fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Shared Work Load and Team Spirit : Correlations between University Students and University Personnel

The felt load of life is often mirrored to well-being and how people feel. Typically organizations are looking the workload of their staff because that is the thing which organizations can affect and made adjustments. Organization´s culture often starts to change people to be alike and large tendencies and trends are carving people to feel and act as same. In this research we are looking how university students and personnel feel about heir workload and how they feel their team spirit and mood. This research will be conducted by utilizing two different questionnaire tools called Eezy Spirit and Student barometer. Eezy spirit is a questionnaire, which has been developed to study employee experience and it is widely used in Finland in different industries. It was chosen to be the one for studying the staff experience since it has questions about felt justice and personnel´s feelings towards management. Student barometer is a questionnaire for higher education students in Finland. It´s objectives are to provide data and information for researchers, research institutes education developers and decision makers in the institutes. Student barometer handles a variety of different matters from student life by asking students´ opinions from quality of studies to their civil life activities and their expectations of the future. This research will be based on material from Turku University of Applied Sciences (TUAS). Data will be gathered from Eezy spirit employee experience questionnaires done annually 2016-2020. The study was done to whole personnel in TUAS and number of respondents varied from 598 to 633 in different years. Respondents answered to propositions in Likert scale 1-4 and “I don´t know”. Number of propositions varied between years from 63 to 65. Respondents were grouped to units which were responsible for specific degree programs. Student barometer data consists of 2165 individual students as respondents in year 2019. They answered at most to 201 different questions and propositions. As the questionnaire was dynamic and depended partly on the previous answers, not all the questions and propositions were targeted to all of the students. Also the students’ responses were grouped by their degree programs, which makes it possible to compare the felt justice of the staff members to that of the students per each degree program. We utilize data sets between years 2016-2020. Data is analyzed with Excel and SPSS. Samples were taken from the data mass and were composed to a statistical model with excel spreadsheet. Staff members as well as students were grouped under schools and arithmetic averages and standard deviations were calculated to each proposition. After calculating the arithmetic averages further analysis was done with SPSS statistical analysis program. In SPSS proposition’s correlations were analyzed by single tailed Pearson correlation.The overall research question is: Is there a correlation between 1) workload for university students and staff 2) team spirit and relationships in organization? If so, how can this correlation be interpreted and what conclusions can be made? Future research aspects and practical recommendations will also be issued in the paper.© 2022. Published by AHFE Open Access. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Student Satisfaction Towards Studies : Disciplinary, Demographic or Situation Related Variable?

Students´ satisfaction towards studies is one of the most interesting information for universities in student questionnaires. How satisfied our students are and how we could enhance the satisfaction or guarantee that it will be high also in future. The reasons why some students are more satisfied towards their studies than others are always crucial to develop organization and studies. Sometimes the reasons can be explained more easier way than others and sometimes the reasons are more critical to organizations future than others. We have already shown in our last article that student satisfaction is correlating with personnel´s felt justice. In this research we are scrutinizing things which are affecting to students´ satisfaction deeper. We are studying how if and how the available demographic variables are affecting to the results of felt satisfaction. It will also be interesting to note if there are some demographic variables that do not have an effect on the felt justice.This research will be conducted by utilizing two different questionnaire tool Student barometer. Student barometer is a questionnaire for higher education students in Finland. It´s objectives are to provide data and information for researchers, research institutes education developers and decision makers in the institutes. Student barometer handles a variety of different matters from student life by asking students´ opinions from quality of studies to their civil life activities and their expectations of the future. Student barometer data consists of 2165 individual students as respondents in year 2019. They answered at most to 201 different questions and propositions. As the questionnaire was dynamic and depended partly on the previous answers, not all the questions and propositions were targeted to all of the students. Also the students’ responses were grouped by their degree programs, which makes it possible to compare the felt justice of the staff members to that of the students per each degree program. We are studying data sets from year 2016 to 2021. Data is analyzed with Excel and SPSS. Samples were taken from the data mass and were composed to a statistical model with excel spreadsheet. Students were grouped under schools and arithmetic averages and standard deviations were calculated to each proposition. After calculating the arithmetic averages further analysis was done with SPSS statistical analysis program. In SPSS proposition’s correlations were analyzed by single tailed Pearson correlation.The overall research question is: Is there a correlation between student satisfaction and available demographic variables. If so, how can this/these correlations be interpreted and what conclusions can be made? Future research aspects and practical recommendations will also be issued in the paper.© 2022. Published by AHFE Open Access. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed

Leaders´ Conscious Experience Towards Time

Time is the key resource in modern business. Every other resource can be added or reduced but time is imperative. Other resources such as personnel, capital or facilities are also crucial, but their usage is always time dependent. People’s productivity is heavily related to their time usage. On the one hand, some people can be very productive in a very short time period, even when work is not very efficient, and on the other hand, a person who is very efficient and works very much may even damage the organization. Therefore, organizations and especially leaders should focus on where they use their time. Time is not an easy concept to handle or even perceive. Time has many different faces towards people. The challenge is that chronological time is not suitable for everybody. Individuals experience time differently to one another and different situations can change the experience. Therefore, it is hard to have schedules to match or plans to actualize within a scheduled time. Business is normally done and agreed in terms of chronological time and the work is divided for specialists into smaller and smaller portions. Consequently, it is crucial for organizations to understand how its members experience their time and how time can be taken into account. This thesis will build an ontology for time in leadership regarding literature research. Literature research reveals the necessity of time in leadership theories and business culture. Features which should be taken into account in personal development are delivered from the time ontology. Propositions are then derived from these features. The thesis will also show how a decision-support system can be made from propositions for leaders’ personal development. The empirical part consists of testing and analyzing the system’s capability and usability. Future research suggestions are also proposed

Leaders´ Conscious Experience Towards Time

Time is the key resource in modern business. Every other resource can be added or reduced but time is imperative. Other resources such as personnel, capital or facilities are also crucial, but their usage is always time dependent. People’s productivity is heavily related to their time usage. On the one hand, some people can be very productive in a very short time period, even when work is not very efficient, and on the other hand, a person who is very efficient and works very much may even damage the organization. Therefore, organizations and especially leaders should focus on where they use their time. Time is not an easy concept to handle or even perceive. Time has many different faces towards people. The challenge is that chronological time is not suitable for everybody. Individuals experience time differently to one another and different situations can change the experience. Therefore, it is hard to have schedules to match or plans to actualize within a scheduled time. Business is normally done and agreed in terms of chronological time and the work is divided for specialists into smaller and smaller portions. Consequently, it is crucial for organizations to understand how its members experience their time and how time can be taken into account. This thesis will build an ontology for time in leadership regarding literature research. Literature research reveals the necessity of time in leadership theories and business culture. Features which should be taken into account in personal development are delivered from the time ontology. Propositions are then derived from these features. The thesis will also show how a decision-support system can be made from propositions for leaders’ personal development. The empirical part consists of testing and analyzing the system’s capability and usability. Future research suggestions are also proposed

The Interplay of Thematic and Ludological Elements in Western-Themed Games

The Wild West has been productized and remediated a number of times over the last hundred of years – and even earlier than that. Computer and video games are a relative newcomer in this string of remediations, distilling the essential elements of the Western even further into archetypal scenes, characters and modes of play. Expanding on our previous works on genres, we study a colorful selection of Western-themed games, 31 in total, with the aim to reveal how a firmly established and codified theme affects gameplay. A well-established theme, such as the Western, manifests itself at very different depths based on the kind of game we are dealing with – at minimum, it acts as an artificial surface that does not affect the gameplay at all. At the other end of the spectrum, the theme affects all the aspects of a game, ranging from its audiovisual presentation to the narrative and the actions available to the player.</div

PETSCII – A Character Set and a Creative Platform

PETSCII is the built-in character set used on 8-bit Commodore computers, such as the PET, C-64 and Plus/4. The character set and the BASIC environment provided an entry point to rudimentary graphic editing for a generation of hobbyists. Over the years PETSCII has been used for a variety of creative purposes: for example games, demos, telecommunications, videos, books and fine art have been created using the graphical symbols. Through the analysis of existing art works and our own hands-on project – a graphics editor – we dig deeper into the specific properties of the character set. In this article we show how the fixed symbols set the frame for what is possible and how, on the other hand, they provide grounds for creative experimentation, display of skill and recognizable styles

PETSCII – A Character Set and a Creative Platform

PETSCII is the built-in character set used on 8-bit Commodore computers, such as the PET, C-64 and Plus/4. The character set and the BASIC environment provided an entry point to rudimentary graphic editing for a generation of hobbyists. Over the years PETSCII has been used for a variety of creative purposes: for example games, demos, telecommunications, videos, books and fine art have been created using the graphical symbols. Through the analysis of existing art works and our own hands-on project – a graphics editor – we dig deeper into the specific properties of the character set. In this article we show how the fixed symbols set the frame for what is possible and how, on the other hand, they provide grounds for creative experimentation, display of skill and recognizable styles.</p

Human factor in time management

Time is the most important resource for leaders. Resources such as personnel, capital or facilities are crucial for leaders, but time is imperative. People's productivity, and hence organizationś performance are heavily related to their time usage. Therefore, especially leaders should have conscious awareness towards their time personality. Time, however, is not an easy concept to handle for leader or even understand it. It has many different faces towards people. The challenge is that chronological time, where the business and management are done, is not nearly suitable when human relations and leadership are handled. Individualś experiences towards time differentiates to one another and different situations are constantly changing the experience of individual. Therefore, quite often, leaders recognize that it is hard to have schedules to match or plans to actualize within an agreed time. Some people fit more easily to same time reality with leader than others. Consequently, it is crucial for leaders also to understand how organization's members experience their time and how conscious their awareness is. Before it is possible to manage one's own time usage, personal time orientation, biases towards time, situation has to be understood consciously. This article handles research regarding time ontology in leadership and management environment and regarding peoples conscious awareness towards time and differences in their time reality. Research is done by developing and utilizing application called Chronos & Kairos which main purpose is to give possibility for thorough research for peoples’ differences when experiencing time. Time ontology for leadership and management environment is presented as well as research and results of differences of people's time reality. Article argues that people's conscious awareness towards time differentiates and this issues should be recognized especially in leadership positions. Future research aspects and recommendations are also issued in this paper