89 research outputs found
Gouvernance responsable des régimes fonciers en Méditerranée : conflits et innovations
Du 29 septembre au premier octobre sâest tenu Ă lâInstitut Polytechnique de Bragança le sĂ©minaire annuel du rĂ©seau FONCIMED (co-animĂ© par le CIHEAM-IAMM et lâINRA) de chercheurs et de praticiens du foncier rural mĂ©diterranĂ©en. Le thĂšme de ce sĂ©minaire portait sur la Gouvernance responsable des rĂ©gimes fonciers, appliquĂ©e en particulier aux territoires indivis, aux zones pĂ©ri-urbaines et touristiques, ou Ă forts enjeux environnementaux. Les communications issues dâune trentaine dâintervenants rĂ©partis en trois sessions permettent de tirer un certain nombre dâenseignements pour une meilleure prise en compte de la question fonciĂšre dans les politiques de dĂ©veloppement et dâenvironnement, et notamment dans leur dimension territoriale. Ces communications sont basĂ©es sur des enquĂȘtes rĂ©alisĂ©es dans diffĂ©rents territoires mĂ©diterranĂ©ens. Six pays - lâAlgĂ©rie, la GrĂšce, la France, le Maroc, le Portugal et la Tunisie - Ă©taient reprĂ©sentĂ©s.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A social-ecological systems approach is necessary to achieve land degradation neutrality
Viewing humans as drivers of change operating outside the natural environment is unhelpful for defining interventions that effectively manage change and complexity. Indeed, there is now broad agreement that en-vironmental governance needs to consider integrated social-ecological systems (SES) in order to tackle theworldâs grand challenges of land degradation. This requires a more differentiated, innovative approach that considers how changes in SES shape the functioning of land systems as a whole, and the synergies and trade-off these changes may produce. In this study, we identify and discuss some of the ways SES science and practice can inspire progress towards land degradation neutrality (LDN) outcomes in an integrated manner, through synthesis of literature and relevant documents related to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD). We do these by considering: (i) how LDN has been approached to date and the challenges likely to undermine progress towards achieving it; and (ii) an SES-based LDN approach relevant to the neutrality agenda, in particular, by describing how LDN might be thought of differently through an SES lens. We argue that an SES approach focusing on: (i)âpeople as part of natureâ, notâpeople and natureâ; and (ii) the frame of reference against which neutrality can be assessed across temporal and spatial dimensions, is necessary to both inform policy and guide actions of the different groups involved in avoiding and combating land degradation. Such an(integrated) approach adds a dimension (to achieving neutrality goals) not previously explored in sustainable land management and LDN research. Important next steps in operationalising the SES-based LDN approach involve empirical and field case studies, requiring interdisciplinary, mixed method technique
Valuation and resilience
International audienceValuation of land and land degradation question the value of natural capital in relation with ecosystem services; it is often quantified using exchange values of services or substitutes. Resilience broadly deals with the capacity to absorb a disturbance. Factors of resilience are identified but seldom, quantified. Thus, valuation and resilience are part of different scientific approaches. Meanwhile, they are both useful for decisionâmaking. The communication explores the possible links between valuation and resilience from land degradation and desertification perspective, relying on reviews of the costs of inaction, the costs and benefits of actions to combat desertification, the ecological and social resilience based on a series of case studies and examples
Enjeux et modes d'intégration de la dimension socio-économique dans la surveillance environnementale
SĂ©minaire international : Les SystĂšmes de Surveillance, Outils de Gestion, de Planification et de Mise en Oeuvre Synergique des Conventions Environnementales : Enjeux et DĂ©fis au Circum Sahara, 2011/06/01-02, Tunis (Tunisie)National audienceThe first internationally validated environmental indicators currently in use were developed by the OECD in the early 1990s. Today, they are still used as references for monitoring the implementation of the environmental pillar of sustainable development. Based on the Pressure State Response, PER frame (today, driving forces, pressure, state, impact, response DPSIR) they mainly consider human activities as sources of pressure on the natural environment and the State as the main regulator of such pressures. At the Rio Summit, it was assumed that governance was a major condition for sustainability and since then, approaches have been developed in terms of setting up appropriate institutional arrangements. In line with this objective, decentralization processes have largely dominated the public policy environment in southern countries. In environmental monitoring, socio-economic indicators deal with wealth, incomes and social services on the one hand but on the other hand, institutional and social governance indicators also concern the process of organization and regulation of natural resources and of the environment. Can the PER framework adequately integrate socio-economic monitoring of the environment? What could analysis of tools and indicators contribute to estimating and monitoring sustainability to better understand the issues and ways of integrating the socio-economic dimension in the monitoring of the environment?En matiĂšre dâenvironnement, les premiers indicateurs dâenvironnement reconnus et utilisĂ©s au plan international ont Ă©tĂ© mis au point par lâOCDE au dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1990. Ce sont ceux de rĂ©fĂ©rence pour le suivi de la mise en oeuvre du pilier environnemental du dĂ©veloppement durable. Ils sont fondĂ©s sur le modĂšle Pression Etat RĂ©ponse, PER (aujourdâhui, forces motrices, pression, Ă©tat, impact, rĂ©ponse DPSIR) qui conçoit les activitĂ©s humaines comme des sources de pression sur le milieu naturel et la puissance publique, comme un rĂ©gulateur potentiel de ces pressions. Ainsi, les diffĂ©rentes propositions dâindicateurs faites par lâOCDE et notamment les indicateurs clĂ©s qui dĂ©coulent de son modĂšle et qui sont rĂ©guliĂšrement produits par les Etats reposent sur une vision plutĂŽt conversationniste de lâenvironnement. Le Sommet de Rio, a fait lâhypothĂšse que la gouvernance Ă©tait lâentrĂ©e de la durabilitĂ©, et les approches en termes de mise en place des dispositifs institutionnels adĂ©quats, en lien avec la dĂ©centralisation ont largement dominĂ©s les politiques publiques environnementales dans les pays du sud ainsi que le relevĂ© des indicateurs clĂ©s. Les indicateurs socio-Ă©conomiques identifient dâune part, essentiellement ce qui a trait aux revenus et aux services sociaux, mais aussi, ils concernent les processus dâorganisation et de rĂ©gulation, ceux institutionnels et sociaux quâon appelle la gouvernance. Le modĂšle PER suffit-il Ă lâintĂ©gration de la dimension socio-Ă©conomique au suivi de lâenvironnement? Que pourrait apporter une analyse des outils et indicateurs de mesure de la durabilitĂ© pour mieux comprendre les enjeux et les modes dâintĂ©gration de la dimension socio-Ă©conomique dans les actions de surveillance de lâenvironnement
Social costs of desertification in Africa: the case of migration
International audienceThe paper discusses the links between migration and desertification in Africa. As this issue is not the subject of any specific recorded study, it is based on available localized work on migration, as well as reports on the rural exodus. âMigrations and developmentâ is a theme that questions the use of the transfer of migrants to combat desertification. It proposes a qualitative inventory of the costs of migration and demonstrates how it reflects the absence of locally adapted agricultural policies and the development of internal markets, as well as the global treatment of inequalities between industrialized and developing countries
Coûts sociaux de la désertification en Afrique : le cas des migrations
International audienceThe paper discusses the links between migration and desertification in Africa. As this issue is not the subject of any specific recorded study, it is based on available localized work on migration, as well as reports on the rural exodus. âMigrations and developmentâ is a theme that questions the use of the transfer of migrants to combat desertification. It proposes a qualitative inventory of the costs of migration and demonstrates how it reflects the absence of locally adapted agricultural policies and the development of internal markets, as well as the global treatment of inequalities between industrialized and developing countries
Adaptation et gestion durable des terres
National audienceLa communication prĂ©sente dans une premiĂšre partie les liens entre les notions de dĂ©sertification et de changement climatique Ă partir de la notion de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ©, vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© Ă©cologique des zones arides, d'une part, vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© socio-Ă©conomique d'autre part. Les projections du GIECC Ă l'horizon 2100 montrent la trĂšs grande vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des rĂ©gions arides au changement climatique, ce qui renforce l'intĂ©rĂȘt de travailler conjointement sur la dĂ©sertification et l'adaptation, non seulement en milieu rural mais aussi Ă proximitĂ© des villes (espaces pĂ©ri-urbain agricoles). Les Ă©tudes de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© nationales ou d'impact des changements climatiques sont les bases sur lesquelles sont rĂ©digĂ©s les Plans d'action nationaux pour l'adaptation (PANA) au niveau des pays membres de l'UNFCCC, et les communications nationales destinĂ©es Ă l'UNFCCC. Celles-ci dĂ©finissent les prioritĂ©s d'action des pays dans l'enceinte de la Convention. Dans le domaine rural, PANA et PAN/LCD (plans d'action nationaux de lutte contre la dĂ©sertification) se recoupent et prĂ©sentent les mĂȘmes actions, ce qui conduit Ă renforcer l'idĂ©e qu'adaptation et lutte contre la dĂ©sertification se rejoignent sur la thĂ©matique du dĂ©veloppement rural. Dans une seconde partie, l'exposĂ© questionne la notion d'adaptation en donnant quelques exemples de modes d'adaptation spontanĂ©ment utilisĂ©s par les acteurs locaux (dimension sociale et territorialisĂ©e de l'adaptation), en montrant comment les Ă©tudes d'impacts peuvent amener Ă dĂ©finir des prioritĂ©s diffĂ©renciĂ©es en matiĂšre d'adaptation (politique d'Ă©conomie d'eau d'irrigation dans les bassins agricoles majeurs des pays versus adaptation des zones plus marginales dans les Ă©conomies nationales, arides notamment). La conclusion interroge les travaux sur l'Ă©valuation des coĂ»ts de l'adaptation ainsi que les modes de financement Ă venir de l'adaptation, entre investissements publics, mĂ©canismes de marchĂ© et partenariat public-privĂ©. Elle souligne les arbitrages financiers et politiques qui vont en rĂ©sulter
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