Ascomycetous yeast species recovered from grapes damaged by honeydew and sour rot

Aims: To identify ascomycetous yeasts recovered from sound and damaged grapes by the presence of honeydew or sour rot. Methods and Results: In sound grapes, the mean yeast counts ranged from 3.20 ± 1.04 log CFU g-1 to 5.87 ± 0.64 log CFU g-1. In honeydew grapes, the mean counts ranged from 3.88 ± 0.80 log CFU g-1 to 6.64 ± 0.77 log CFU g-1. In sour rot grapes counts varied between 6.34 ± 1.03 and 7.68 ± 0.38 log CFU g-1. Hanseniaspora uvarum was the most frequent species from sound samples. In both types of damage, the most frequent species were Candida vanderwaltii, H. uvarum and Zygoascus hellenicus. The latter species was recovered in high frequency because of the utilization of the selective medium DBDM (Dekkera ⁄ Brettanomyces differential medium). The scarce isolation frequency of the wine spoilage species Zygosaccharomyces bailii (in sour rotten grapes) and Zygosaccharomyces bisporus (in honeydew affected grapes) could only be demonstrated by the use of the selective medium ZDM (Zygosaccharomyces differential medium). Conclusions: The isolation of several species only from damaged grapes indicates that damage constituted the main factor determining yeast diversity. The utilization of selective media is required for eliciting the recovery of potentially wine spoilage species. Significance and Impact of the Study: The impact of damaged grapes in the yeast ecology of grapes has been underestimate

The mid-infrared instrument for the James Webb space telescope, II: design and build

Instrumentatio

A review of Palaeoeskimo dwelling structures in Newfoundland and Labrador

Cet article passe en revue et résume l'information concernant les structures d'habitations paléoesquimaudes de la province de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador dans le but de produire à la fois une base de données et un instrument de recherche. Des tendances sont identifiées; certaines liées à la mobilité résidentielle.This paper reviews and summarizes information about Palaeoeskimo dwelling structures in the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador with the aim of producing a basic resource and research tool. Patterns are noted and some are related to residential mobility

An analysis of the fuel consumption of commercial vehicles by computer simulation

SIGLELD:9057.24(TRRL-LR--973). / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

An analysis of the fuel consumption of commercial vehicles by computer simulation

SIGLELD:9057.24(TRRL-LR--973). / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

Grain size distribution does not affect the residual shear strength of granular materials: An experimental proof

Granular materials are used in several fields and in a wide variety of processes. An important feature of these materials is the diversity of grain sizes, commonly referred to as polydispersity. When granular materials are sheared, they exhibit a predominant small elastic range. Then, the material yields, with or without a peak shear strength depending on the initial density. Finally, the material reaches a stationary state, in which it deforms at a constant shear stress, which can be linked to the residual friction angle φr. However, the role of polydispersity on the shear strength of granular materials is still a matter of debate. In particular, a series of investigations have proved, using numerical simulations, that φr is independent of polydispersity. This counterintuitive observation remains elusive to experimentalists, and especially for some technical communities that use φr as a design parameter (e.g., the soil mechanics community). In this Letter, we studied experimentally the effects of polydispersity on φr. In order to do so, we built samples of ceramic beads and then sheared these samples in a triaxial apparatus. We varied polydispersity, building monodisperse, bidisperse, and polydisperse granular samples; this allowed us to study the effects of grain size, size span, and grain size distribution on φr. We find that φr is indeed independent of polydispersity, confirming the previous findings achieved through numerical simulations. Our work fairly closes the gap of knowledge between experiments and simulations. </p

Granular column collapse: The role of particle size polydispersity on the velocity and runout

Geophysical mass flows involve particles of different sizes, a property termed polydispersity. The granular column collapse is a simplified experiment for studying transitional granular flows. Our research focuses on the role that polydispersity has on the velocity and runout distance of dry and immersed granular columns, undergoing a numerical and experimental study. Our results highlight that polydispersity does not have a strong effect on the collapse of dry columns. On the contrary, the collapse sequence of immerse granular columns strongly depend on the polydispersity level.Geo-engineerin