407 research outputs found
1,1,1,5,5,5-Hexafluoro-2,4-dimethÂoxyÂpentane-2,4-diol
The title compound, C7H10F6O4, was isolated as an unexpected product from a reaction of tantalum(V) methoxide with hexaÂfluoroÂacetylÂacetone in a methanol solution. The asymmetric unit consists of one half-molÂecule with the middle C atom lying on a twofold axis. The crystal structure is stabilized by O—H⋯O and an array of C—H⋯F hydrogen-bonding interÂactions. These interÂactions link the molÂecules into a stable supraÂmolecular three-dimensional network. The molÂecules pack in a ribbon-like form in the ac plane as a result of these interÂactions
Engineered Tumor-Targeted T Cells Mediate Enhanced Anti-Tumor Efficacy Both Directly and through Activation of the Endogenous Immune System.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has proven clinically beneficial against B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. However, suboptimal clinical outcomes have been associated with decreased expansion and persistence of adoptively transferred CAR T cells, antigen-negative relapses, and impairment by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Improvements in CAR T cell design are required to enhance clinical efficacy, as well as broaden the applicability of this technology. Here, we demonstrate that interleukin-18 (IL-18)-secreting CAR T cells exhibit enhanced in vivo expansion and persistence and significantly increase long-term survival in syngeneic mouse models of both hematological and solid malignancies. In addition, we demonstrate that IL-18-secreting CAR T cells are capable of modulating the tumor microenvironment, as well as enhancing an effective endogenous anti-tumor immune response. IL-18-secreting CAR T cells represent a promising strategy to enhance the clinical outcomes of adoptive T cell therapy
Studies on charge production from Cs2Te photocathodes in the PITZ L-band normal conducting radio frequency photo injector
This paper discusses the behavior of electron bunch charge produced in an
L-band normal conducting radio frequency cavity (RF gun) from Cs2Te
photocathodes illuminated with ps-long UV laser pulses when the laser
transverse distribution consists of a flat-top core with Gaussian-like decaying
halo. The produced charge shows a linear dependence at low laser pulse energies
as expected in the quantum efficiency limited emission regime, while its
dependence on laser pulse energy is observed to be much weaker for higher
values, due to space charge limited emission. However, direct plug-in of
experimental parameters into the space charge tracking code ASTRA yields lower
output charge in the space charge limited regime compared to measured values.
The rate of increase of the produced charge at high laser pulse energies close
to the space charge limited emission regime seems to be proportional to the
amount of halo present in the radial laser profile since the charge from the
core has saturated already. By utilizing core + halo particle distributions
based on measured radial laser profiles, ASTRA simulations and semi-analytical
emission models reproduce the behavior of the measured charge for a wide range
of RF gun and laser operational parameters within the measurement
uncertainties.Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, 2 table
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Photocathode laser based bunch shaping for high transformer ratio plasma wakefield acceleration
Beam driven plasma acceleration is one of the most promising candidates for future compact particle accelerator technologies. In this scheme a particle bunch drives a wake in a plasma medium. The fields inside of the wake can be used to accelerate a trailing witness bunch. To maximise the ratio between acceleration of the witness to deceleration of the drive bunch, the so called transformer ratio, several methods have been proposed. The ones yielding the most favorable results are based on shaped drive bunches that are long in terms of the plasma wavelength. We present here methods to create such drive bunches employing temporally shaped UV-laser pulses for the extraction of electron bunches from a photo-electron gun. Theoretical considerations, experimental results and possibilities for further improvements are discussed
Endothelial Plasticity:Shifting Phenotypes through Force Feedback
The endothelial lining of the vasculature is exposed to a large variety of biochemical and hemodynamic stimuli with different gradients throughout the vascular network. Adequate adaptation requires endothelial cells to be highly plastic, which is reflected by the remarkable heterogeneity of endothelial cells in tissues and organs. Hemodynamic forces such as fluid shear stress and cyclic strain are strong modulators of the endothelial phenotype and function. Although endothelial plasticity is essential during development and adult physiology, proatherogenic stimuli can induce adverse plasticity which contributes to disease. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), the hallmark of endothelial plasticity, was long thought to be restricted to embryonic development but has emerged as a pathologic process in a plethora of diseases. In this perspective we argue how shear stress and cyclic strain can modulate EndMT and discuss how this is reflected in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension
Exploring ultra-low β* values in ATF2 - R&D Programme proposal
We propose to explore the beam sizes and performance of the ATF2 Final Focus System for reduced IP beta functions up to a factor between 2 and 4 below its design. The results will demonstrate the feasibility of the system in a chromaticity regime of interest for CLIC and ILC
Voxel-wise comparisons of cellular microstructure and diffusion-MRI in mouse hippocampus using 3D Bridging of Optically-clear histology with Neuroimaging Data (3D-BOND)
A key challenge in medical imaging is determining a precise correspondence between image properties and tissue microstructure. This comparison is hindered by disparate scales and resolutions between medical imaging and histology. We present a new technique, 3D Bridging of Optically-clear histology with Neuroimaging Data (3D-BOND), for registering medical images with 3D histology to overcome these limitations. Ex vivo 120 × 120 × 200 μm resolution diffusion-MRI (dMRI) data was acquired at 7 T from adult C57Bl/6 mouse hippocampus. Tissue was then optically cleared using CLARITY and stained with cellular markers and confocal microscopy used to produce high-resolution images of the 3D-tissue microstructure. For each sample, a dense array of hippocampal landmarks was used to drive registration between upsampled dMRI data and the corresponding confocal images. The cell population in each MRI voxel was determined within hippocampal subregions and compared to MRI-derived metrics. 3D-BOND provided robust voxel-wise, cellular correlates of dMRI data. CA1 pyramidal and dentate gyrus granular layers had significantly different mean diffusivity (p > 0.001), which was related to microstructural features. Overall, mean and radial diffusivity correlated with cell and axon density and fractional anisotropy with astrocyte density, while apparent fibre density correlated negatively with axon density. Astrocytes, axons and blood vessels correlated to tensor orientation
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