The role of maternal infection in preterm birth: evidence from the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP)

OBJECTIVES: Evidence suggests that infection or inflammation is a major contributor to early spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the development and causes of maternal infection associated with maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with sPTB. METHODS: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter cross-sectional study with a nested case–control component, the Brazilian Multicentre Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP), conducted from April 2011 to July 2012 in 20 Brazilian referral obstetric hospitals. Women with preterm birth (PTB) and their neonates were enrolled. In this analysis, 2,682 women undergoing spontaneous preterm labor and premature pre-labor rupture of membranes were included. Two groups were identified based on self-reports or prenatal or hospital records: women with at least one infection factor and women without any maternal infection (vulvovaginitis, urinary tract infection, or dental infection). A bivariate analysis was performed to identify potential individual risk factors for PTB. The odds ratios (ORs) with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: The majority of women with sPTB fulfilled at least one criterion for the identification of maternal infection (65.9%), and more than half reported having urinary tract infection during pregnancy. Approximately 9.6% of women with PTB and maternal infection were classified as having periodontal infection only. Apart from the presence of a partner, which was more common among women with infectious diseases (p=0.026; OR, 1.28 [1.03–1.59]), other variables did not show any significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Maternal infection was highly prevalent in all cases of sPTBs, although it was not clearly associated with the type of PTB, gestational age, or any adverse neonatal outcomes

Optimization of Laccase Production, and Characterization of Lignin Degradation Products by Fusarium oxysporum JUMAD-053

The objective of this work was to optimize the culture conditions for laccase production in the presence of Kraft lignin by Fusarium oxysporum JUMAD-053, and to evaluate the biodegradation products of lignin. The fungal isolate that presented highest laccase activity had its production optimized by a statistical factorial design 33 in 15 experimental runs. F. oxysporum presented the highest constitutive laccase titer (5.37 U/mL). Statistical factorial design demonstrated a maximum laccase titer of 9.8 U/mL when assayed against ABTS under the conditions optimized: 1.125% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.5% (w/v) Kraft lignin and 10 days of cultivation. The maximum laccase titer when assayed on DMP was 8.4 U/mL, following the conditions optimized: 1.125% yeast extract, 0.25% Kraft lignin and 7 days of cultivation. The analysis of cultures led to identification of metabolites; two being aromatic: 2,6-dimethoxy benzoic acid and sesamin; also, fumonisin and long-chain fatty acids. As a result of the study, the maximum laccase activities of 9.8 and 8.4 U/mL measured from ABTS and DMP substrates, respectively. The search shows new sources of fungal laccase for obtaining new metabolites of biodegradation from Kraft lignin in culture medium. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i5.162

A domiciliary enquiry on the elderly population in a large urban center of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a methodological proposal

São apresentados a metodologia utilizada no projeto de pesquisa de idosos no Rio de Janeiro, desenvolvido no Instituto de Medicina Social da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e os estágios relativos à preparação do trabalho de campo em um inquérito domiciliar. São discutidos os indicadores utilizados no processo de identificação de distritos homogêneos, a definição do universo amostral e os procedimentos empregados na atividade de enumeração.The methodology used by a project being carried out at the Institute of Social Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, concerning the epidemiology of the elderly and the stages of the community survey are presented. The sampling methods and the steps of the enumerator process are also detailed

Subconjunto Terminológico de Clasificación Internacional de la Práctica de Enfermería para pacientes hospitalizados por quemaduras

Objective: To develop a proposal of a terminological subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice for burned patients. Method: This is a methodological study following the steps: identification of clinical findings; mapping of terms; construction of statements of diagnoses/results and nursing interventions; content validation of statements; and structuring of the subset with the theoretical model of Basic Human Needs. Content validation was performed by 26 specialist nurses, through the Content Validity Index, with statements ≥ 0.80 being considered validated. Results: A total of 36 diagnoses/results and 119 interventions were validated. Among these, the ones with the highest index were: Respiratory System Function, Impaired/Respiratory System Function, Effective; Volume of Fluids, Impaired/ Volume of Fluids, Effective; Burn Wound/Wound Healing, Effective; Pain, Acute/ Pain, Absent, and as interventions: To Monitor Vital Signs; to Monitor Fluid Balance; to Treat Skin Condition; to Assess Response to Pain Management (Control). Conclusion: The validated statements depict the burned people basic human needs, with the psychobiological ones being the most prevalent.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Research into elderly populations-The importance of the instrument and the training of the team: a methodological contribution

The increase of the elderly populations throughout the world has been investigated by many studies with a view to proving all the information necessary for the determination of policy and planning services. Steps to be taken in the preparation of questionnaires are discussed and common errors to be avoided are indicated. Differences in methodologies between community, mail and telephone surveys are also discussed. The BOAS (Brazil Old Age Schedule), questionnaire, which has been developed to survey the elderly population living in Rio de Janeiro is presented as also are its manual, code book and the method employed for the training of field-work researchers.Com base na utilização de questionários para estudos sobre crescimento da população idosa, foram discutidas as várias formas de sua aplicação: entrevista pessoal, correio e telefone, bem como os erros comumente encontrados em alguns instrumentos. Discutiu-se a metodologia utilizada no desenho do questionário (Brazil Old Age Schedule - BOAS), o manual de instrução e o livro de código. Com vistas a melhorar a confiabilidade do instrumento, foi dada ênfase especial ao treinamento dos pesquisadores de campo