Feynman rules for Four Bosons Electromagnetism

A whole electromagnetism carrying four electric charge messengers is studied. Based on light invariance and conservation of electric charge, it provides a fields set {A,U, V± }. Something beyond Maxwell appears. The usual photon is accomplished by others electric charge porters, which are a massive photon plus two charged photons. They carry electromagnetic processes with charge exchange ΔQ = 0 and |ΔQ| = 1. There is still room for an electromagnetism on electric charge transmission to be understood. Through such so-called four bosons electromagnetism a new way to conduct the electric charge is proposed. It says that the electromagnetic phenomena is something more than Maxwells charge distribution. It establishes the presence of four fields association responsible for the electric charge transmission. It develops a quanta set which means electromagnetism based on eight messengers with spin-1 and spin-0 to be analysed. Thus given such fields collection AI ≡ {A,U, V± } one studies the corresponding propagations and interactions. Derive the corresponding Feynman rules for this electric charge transmission. The model shows itself renormalizable and unitary. New features are obtained as selfinteracting photons. The photon is no more necessarily coupled tothe electric charge. A diversity of coupling constants is obtained. The electromagnetism universality is on the ubiquous photon and not on the electric charge as coupling constant

Four Bosons Electromagnetism

Based on light invariance and electric conservation a four bosons electromagnetism is proposed. It enlarges theelectric charge conservation beyond displacement current and Dirac charge to a new physical situation where the electromagnetic phenomena is mediated by the usual photon plus a massive photon and two additional charged vector bosons. Considering the enlarged abelian gauge symmetry U (1)? SO (2) transforming under a same gauge parameter a non-linear electro magnetism involving four bosons is introduced. It deploys a Lagrangian containing massless, massive and charged fields with three and four vector bosons interactions. The corresponding Noether’s relations and classical equations of motion are studied. They provide a whole dynamics involving granular, collective terms through antisymmetric and symmetric sectors. It develops a new photon equation which extends the Maxwell’s one. Self interacting photons are obtained. A four boson electromagnetic flux is derived. It expresses an electromagnetism transfering ?Q = 0 and | ?Q |= 1, not more limited to just a massless photon. There is a new electromagnetic flowing to be understood, where aside of electric charge conservation, it appears a neutral electromagnetism. There are six neutral electromagnetic charges beyond electric charge as consequences from non-linearity. Two are derived from the second Noether identity and four from variational continuity equations. An electromagnetic flux being conducted by a whole physics is generated. Based on fields set, it develops a determinism under the meaning of directive and circumstance. Interpreting that, light invariance concises the photon as directive, the photon becomes a whole maker. It assumes the symmetry command which will control the conservations laws and opportunities. Consequently, one combines the symmetry equation derived from Noether theorem with the four equations derived from variational principle, and an effective photon equation is obtained. A kind of Navier-Stokes electromagnetic flow is derived. It yields a four bosons electromagnetism preserving electric charge conservation plus introducting the meaning of chance through symmetry management

inTB - a data integration platform for molecular and clinical epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis

This deposit is composed by the main article plus the supplementary materials of the publication.Tuberculosis is currently the second highest cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide. The emergence of multi and extensive drug resistance is threatening to make tuberculosis incurable. There is growing evidence that the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis may have important clinical consequences. Therefore, combining genetic, clinical and socio-demographic data is critical to understand the epidemiology of this infectious disease, and how virulence and other phenotypic traits evolve over time. This requires dedicated bioinformatics platforms, capable of integrating and enabling analyses of this heterogeneous data.Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Programa Nacional de Luta contra a Tuberculose, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Ricardo Jorge, Administração Regional de Saúde de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo

AVALIAÇÃO DA COORDENAÇÃO ENTRE MEMBROS SUPERIORES NA TÉCNICA DE CROL EM NADADORES INFANTIS

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Green manure in coffee systems in the region of Zona da Mata, Minas Gerais: characteristics and kinetics of carbon and nitrogen mineralization.

The use of green manure may contribute to reduce soil erosion and increase the soil organic matter content and N availability in coffee plantations in the Zona da Mata, State of Minas Gerais, in Southeastern Brazil. The potential of four legumes (A. pintoi, C. mucunoides, S. aterrimum and S. guianensis)to produce above-ground biomass, accumulate nutrients and mineralize N was studied in two coffee plantations of subsistence farmers under different climate conditions. The biomass production of C. mucunoides was influenced by the shade of the coffee plantation.C. mucunoides tended to mineralize more N than the other legumes due to the low polyphenol content and polyphenol/N ratio. In the first year, the crop establishment of A. pintoi in the area took longer than of the other legumes, resulting in lower biomass production and N2 fixation. In the long term, cellulose was the main factor controlling N mineralization. The biochemical characteristics, nutrient accumulation and biomass production of the legumes were greatly influenced by the altitude and position of the area relative to the sun

The Brazilian Registry of Adult Patient Undergoing Cardiovascular Surgery, the BYPASS Project: Results of the First 1,722 Patients

Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systemsand 7.3% from private (out-of-pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Caridade Sao Vicente Paulo, Jundiai, SP, BrazilInst Med Integral Prof Fernando Figueira IMIP, Recife, PE, BrazilHosp Base FUNFARME & FAMERP, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIMC, Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, SP, BrazilIrmandade Santa Casa Sao Paulo INCT HPV, Fac Ciencias Med Santa Casa Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFundacao Univ Cardiol, Inst Cardiol Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilInst Coracao Natal, Natal, RN, BrazilInst Cardiol Dist Fed, Brasilia, DF, BrazilUniv Fed Maranhao HU UFMA, Univ Hosp, Sao Luis, MA, BrazilHosp Evangelico, Cachoeiro De Itapemirim, ES, BrazilHosp Coracao Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, BrazilHosp Nossa Senhora Salete, Inst Cirurgia Cardiovasc ICCV, Cascavel, PR, BrazilHosp Wilson Rosado, Mossoro, RN, BrazilHosp Bosque Saude, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Univ Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, BrazilHosp Coracao HCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Coracao IP HCor, Ins Pesquisa, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInst Coracao InCor, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP EPM, Hosp Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Determinantes Nacionais e Setoriais da Estrutura de Capital na América Latina

This study identified the role of the national environment (the Macroeconomy, Financial Development and Institutional Quality) and industry characteristics (Munificence, Dynamism, Concentration, Life Cycle, Technological Efficiency Dispersion, Product Quality Dispersion, Customer Bargaining Power and Supplier Bargaining Power) on debt of 612 listed companies from 7 Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Venezuela). For comparison purposes, the analysis is also extended to 847 U.S. companies. The period of study is 1996-2009 and the analysis employed a Hierarchical Linear Model, which controls the effects according to the level of the variables (country, industry, time and firm). The results suggest that Financial Development eases access to external funds and Institutional Quality is negatively related to firm Leverage. The research also finds evidence that institutional quality can promote asymmetrical development between stock markets and credit markets